2026届高三英语二轮复习-阅读理解训练（含解析）

2026届阅读理解训练姓名：___________班级：___________学号：___________得分：___________题号12345678选择题号9101112选择Passage1（25-26高三下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）Studieshaveindicatedthatphysicalappearancecangreatlyinfluenceaperson’smentalwell-being,socialinteractionsandopportunitiesinlife.Attractivepeopleoftenbenefitfromsocialbiases,whilethoseseenaslessattractivemayfacechallengeslikelowerconfidence,socialexclusionandfeweropportunities.A2022investigationexploredhowsociety’sattitudestowardappearanceshapeinterpersonalcommunication.Participantswereshownphotosofpeoplewithdifferentlooksandaskedtoratetheirintelligence,likabilityandtrustworthiness.Theresultswereclear:peopleconsideredmoreattractivereceivedhigherratingsinallcategories.Furthermore,attractivepeopleweremorelikelytobedescribedasconfidentandcapable,whilelessattractiveindividualswereoftenmarginalizedorassociatedwithnegativestereotypes.Thisbiaswasespeciallynoticeableingroupsettings,whereattractivepeopleweremorelikelytobeincludedandlistenedtoduringdiscussions.Theemotionalimpactofthisbiasisalsosignificant.Attractivepeopleoftenhavehigherself-respectbecausetheygetmorepraisesandpositivefeedback.However,thisadvantagecomeswithpressure,asattractiveindividualsmayfeelstressedaboutmaintainingtheirappearance,leadingtoanxietyastheyage.Ontheotherhand,lessattractivepeopleoftenstrugglewithfeelingsoflowself-worth,whichcontributetodepressionandanxiety.Theworkplaceisalsoaffectedbythesebiases.Researchshowsthatattractivepeoplearemorelikelytobehired,promotedandearnhighersalaries.Employersoftennaturallylinkattractivenesstoability,confidenceandleadershipqualities.Thiscreatesadisadvantageforpeoplewhodon'tmeettraditionalbeautystandards,forcingthemtoworkhardertogainrecognition.Toaddressthesebiases,researchersemphasizetheimportanceofpromotinginclusivityandchallengingconventionalsocialconcepts.Byencouragingself-acceptanceandappreciatingdifferentkindsofbeauty,societycancreateafairerenvironmentthatvaluesindividualsfortheircharacterandabilities,notjusttheirappearance.1．Whatisaconsequenceofbeingconsideredlessattractiveaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Theyaremorelikelytobesociallyisolated.B．Theyarenevergivenpreferentialtreatment.C．Theytendtohaveworseinterpersonalskills.D．Theytendtohaveworseinterpersonalskills.2．Whatimpactscanappearancebiashaveonpeople?A．Employersvaluelooksoverabilities.B．Attractivepeoplehavebettermentalhealth.C．Bothattractiveandlessattractivefaceemotionalchallenges.D．Lessattractivepeoplearelesslikelytosucceedincareerlife.3．Howcansocietycreateafairerenvironment?A．Byoverlookingouterbeauty. B．Bymeetingsocialexpectations.C．Byapplyinguniversalbeautystandards. D．Byadvocatingenjoyingdiversebeauty.4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toexplainhowappearanceimpactspeople'slife.B．Toappealforafairerandmoreinclusivesociety.C．Toaddressthepsychologicaleffectsofappearance.D．Toarguethatonlyattractivepeoplecansucceedinlife.Passage2（2026·山东·模拟预测）Facialexpressionsarecentraltosociallife,yetscientistsstilldon’tfullyunderstandhowthebrainproducesthem.Fordecades,oneinfluentialtheoryhasheldthatwhatappearsonyourfaceislargelyanemotionalreflex—anhonest,automaticreadoutofwhatyoufeelinside.Butthatviewstrugglestoexplainthefactthatweoftentailorourexpressionstothemoment.Tofindoutwhat’sgoingoninthebrainduringfacialexpressions,researchersturnedtomonkeys.Theyrecordedneural(神经的)activitywhiletheanimalsinteractedwithoneanotherinthelab.Theteam’sresultspublishedinSciencecameasasurprise:themonkeys’expressions,fromathreateningfacetoafriendly“lip-smacking”,weregeneratedbyboththemedialcortex(内侧皮层)andlateralcortex(外侧皮层).Thesetwobrainregionswerelongthoughttooperateindependently,butthestudyshowedthatbothofthemparticipatedintheproductionofallkindsoffacialexpressions.Thetworegionsdid,however,runatdifferentspeeds.Activityinthelateralcortexreorientedquickly,tocoordinatetherapidfacialmovementsthatmakeforsmoothsocialinteraction.Bycontrast,thingshappenatamoreleisurelypaceinthemedialcortex,perhapsallowingittotrackslow-changingcontextualfactorsthatinfluencefacialexpressions.What’smore,bothneuralpatternsshowupbeforefacialmovementsdo,suggestingthebrainpreparesexpressionsinadvance.Thisallraisesaquestion:Domonkeysintentionallyplanthefacestheymake?That’stheinterpretationevolutionarypsychologistsexploreinthenewstudy.Iffacialexpressionsarepartlyvoluntary,theymaybelesslikeemotionalmirrorsandmorelike“toolsforsocialinfluence”,astheresearchersputit.Attheveryleast,theyseemtoarisefromcomplexinteractionsbetweenemotionandcognition.AlanFridlund,asocialandevolutionarypsychologistwhowasnotinvolvedinthisstudy,hasnotroublebelievingmonkeysholdtheirfacesstrategically.Buthedoubtsthatstaged,lab-boundinteractionscancapturethefullrealityofmonkeys’communications,ortheneuralactivityunderlyingit;ideally,futureresearchwouldtakeplaceinthemonkeys’naturalenvironment.Still,Fridlundsays,thenewstudy“tellsusininfinitelymoredetailhowwecaninvestigatetheneurologyoffacialdisplays.”5．Whatdoesthestudyrevealaboutthemedialcortexandlateralcortex?A．Theyrecordneuralactivities.B．Theyperformdifferentfunctions.C．Theycooperatetocreateexpressions.D．Theystimulatetheconveyanceofemotions.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reoriented”inParagraph3mean?A．Shifted. B．Decreased. C．Appeared. D．Expanded.7．WhatisAlanFridlund’ssuggestionforfutureresearch?A．Collectingspecificdata. B．Experimentinginnature.C．Detailingtheobservations. D．Expandingresearchsubjects.8．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Whatmatterstosocialization?B．DecodethesignalsofemotionsC．FacialexpressionsmirroremotionsD．Arefacialdisplaysmadeintentionally?Passage3（2026·贵州贵阳·一模）Sahel,adryregionofAfricasandwichedbetweentheSaharadesertandtheSudanianSavanna,wasturningtodust.Witheffortsonbothnationalandinternationalscaleshavingfailed,itwasalocalfarmer,YacoubaSawadogo,whodecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsinthe1980s.Insteadofusingmoderninnovations,thefarmerturnedtooldways,employingtwosimpletraditionalapproachestofightagainstthedesert.Oneinvolveddiggingholestocollectpreciousrainwater,wherefertilizersorcompostmaybeplacedtoincreasetheamountofnutrientsinthesoil.Cropsmaythenbeplantedintheseholes.Theotherwaslayinglinesofstonesacrossthefieldtoslowthewater’sflow.Buttohiscommunity,thesewaysseemedodd.“TheythoughtIhadlostmymind,”Yacoubalaterrecalled.It’struethatthetwomethodsarelabor-intensivetasks,andthecostishigherintermsofmanpower.Yet,Yacoubapersevered.Foryears,changesbegantoshow.Greenshootspushedthroughtheearthwheretherewasonceonlydust.Treesgrew,andhislandwastransformed.ThesuccessgainedbyYacoubahasmadehimarespectedfigureinthecommunitythatinitiallylaughedathim.In2010,hisstoryreachedtheworldthroughadocumentaryfilm.Moreimportantly,thefameenabledhimtoreachouttoamuchgreateraudienceandallowedhimtosharehisagriculturaltechniqueswithfellowfarmers,makingthembetterequippedintheirownstruggleagainstdesertification.Theforestthatnowstandsisatestamenttooneman’sstrongbelief.YacoubaSawadogodidnotjuststopthedesert;hesowedseedsofhopethatgrewintoaforest,andtookrootintheheartsofhispeople.9．WhatdidYacoubadigholesfor?A．Placingfarmtools. B．Storingmorecrops.C．Layingstonelines. D．Gatheringrainwater.10．WhatmightmakethecommunitymisunderstandYacoubainitially?A．Usingmodernmethods. B．Seekinginternationalhelp.C．Employinglocalpeople. D．Increasingthelaborcost.11．WhatisthemostsignificantimpactofYacouba’ssuccess?A．Hispersonaldocumentarywasmade.B．Histechniquesgotappliedmorewidely.C．Heinventedagriculturalequipment.D．Hegainedrespectfromhiscommunity.12．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DrySahara:ALandofMiracleinAfrica. B．StoppingDesertification:HowFartoGo.C．FromDeserttoForest:AFarmer’sBelief. D．ModernProblems:HowtoSolveThem.《2026届阅读理解训练》参考答案1．A2．C3．D4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了外貌对个人心理、社交及职业机会的影响，指出外貌偏见带来的问题，并呼吁社会营造更公平、包容的环境。1．细节理解题。根据第一段内容，魅力不足的人可能面临社会排斥等挑战，因此更易被社会孤立。故选A项。2．推理判断题。第三段指出，有魅力者因外貌维持压力产生焦虑，魅力不足者因自我价值感低导致抑郁焦虑，可见外貌偏见对两类人都带来情感挑战。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段，通过鼓励自我接纳和欣赏多元美，社会可创造更公平的环境。故选D项。4．推理判断题。文章最后强调需促进包容性、挑战传统观念，呼吁建立重视性格能力而非外表的公平包容社会。故选B项。翻译：研究表明，外貌对一个人的心理健康、社交互动及人生机遇有着显著影响。外表出众者往往能从社会偏见中获益，而容貌平平者则可能面临自信心不足、社交排斥及机会匮乏等挑战。2022年的一项调查探究了社会对外貌的态度如何影响人际交往。研究人员向参与者展示不同容貌者的照片，并要求他们对照片人物的智力水平、亲和力及可信度进行评分。结果显而易见：被认为更具吸引力的人在所有评分项目中均获得更高评价。此外，外表出众者更易被描述为自信能干，而容貌平平者则常被边缘化或与负面刻板印象联系在一起。这种偏见在群体环境中尤为明显——讨论时，外表出众者更容易被接纳并获得倾听。这种偏见带来的情感影响同样不容忽视。外表出众者因获得更多赞美与积极反馈，往往拥有更强的自尊。然而，这种优势也伴随着压力——他们可能因需维持外貌而感到焦虑，且这种焦虑会随年龄增长加剧。另一方面，容貌平平者常因自我价值感低而挣扎，进而导致抑郁与焦虑情绪。职场同样受到这类偏见的影响。研究显示，外表出众者更易获得雇佣、晋升机会，薪资水平也更高。雇主往往会下意识地将外貌与能力、自信及领导才能挂钩。这使得不符合传统审美标准的人群处于不利地位，他们必须付出更多努力才能获得认可。为消除这些偏见，研究人员强调促进包容性与挑战传统社会观念的重要性。通过鼓励自我接纳与欣赏多元之美，社会才能构建一个更公平的环境——重视个体的品格与能力，而非仅仅关注其外表。5．C6．A7．B8．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一项发表在《Science》上的研究，探讨了面部表情的神经机制，挑战了“表情=情绪自动反射”的传统观点，提出了表情可能是认知与情绪交互作用、具有社交目的性的新视角。5．细节理解题。研究发现猴子的各类表情由内侧皮层和外侧皮层共同产生，推翻了两者独立运作的传统认知。故选C。6．词句猜测题。第三段提到外侧皮层活动能快速"reoriented"以协调快速面部动作实现流畅社交，可推测该词意为"调整"，与shifted意思相近。故选A。7．细节理解题。艾伦·弗里德伦德认为实验室互动难以捕捉猴子交流的全部真相，建议未来研究应在其自然环境中进行。故选B。8．主旨大意题。全文围绕面部表情神经机制展开，挑战"表情=情绪自动反射"传统观点，提出表情可能是认知与情绪交互的社交工具，D项"面部表情是刻意做出的吗？"最适合作标题。故选D。翻译：面部表情是社交生活的核心，但科学家仍未完全理解大脑如何产生这些表情。数十年来，一种颇具影响力的理论认为，面部表情在很大程度上是一种情绪反射——是内心感受的真实、自动流露。但这一观点难以解释我们常常会根据场合调整表情的事实。为探究面部表情产生时大脑的活动机制，研究人员以猴子为研究对象。他们记录了猴子在实验室中互动时的神经活动。发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果令人意外：猴子从威胁性表情到友好的“咂嘴”等各类表情，均由内侧皮层与外侧皮层共同产生。长久以来，这两个脑区被认为独立运作，但该研究表明，它们共同参与了所有面部表情的生成过程。不过，这两个区域的反应速度存在差异。外侧皮层的活动能快速调整，以协调快速的面部动作，确保社交互动流畅进行。相比之下，内侧皮层的活动节奏更为舒缓，这或许使其能够追踪影响面部表情的缓慢变化的环境因素。此外，这两种神经活动模式均先于面部动作出现，表明大脑会提前规划表情。