高考英语动词分类讲解

高考英语热点动词十五类

动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，

形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的

重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试

题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。

一、连系动词类

连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：

1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall等。

2.感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。

3.状态类表事物所处的状态,如keep,come,run,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove等。

4.外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如叩pear,seem,look等。

连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如

feel,get,become,grow等）夕卜，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：

Themixtureistastedterrible.（误）

Themixturetastesterrible（正）

Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.（误）

Jimpretendedtofall/beasleepwhenhismothercamein.（正）

I'mfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.

Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker.Besides,acoldrainbegantofall.

另外，系动词又称连系动词，不单独作谓语，必须与表语连用构成系表结构。系

表结构可表述主语的状况，而我们对主语情况的了解和描述角度各不相同，因此

对主语的表述就因说话人的角度不同，而使用不同的系动词。现就初中课本中的

系动词小结如下：

1、以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时，要用系动词be,后接n（名词）,adj（形容词）,p.p

（分词），inf（不定式），adv（副词）,prep.Phr.（介词短语）作表语。

如：（1）Heishonest.

2、表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用look,feel,sound,taste,

smell等，后常接n（名词），inf（不定式）,p.p（分词）,adj（形容词）等作表语。

如：（1）Hervoicesoundssweet.

3^表示主语状态变化时，系动词用become,get,grow,come,turn（若跟名词不加

冠词），fall（asleep,ill.silent）^,后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become,turn

亦可接名词作表语。

如：（1）Heturnsdoctor.

4、表示主语的持续时，系动词用remain,stay,keep,continue等。

如：（1）Thedoorkeepsopen.

【高考例题】

（1）…Doyoulikethematerial?…Yes,itverysoft.（NMET94）

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

(2)Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwillfreshforseveraldays.

(NMET03)

A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed

(3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainastheplanewas

makingalanding.(04春季高考上海卷)

A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating

(4)Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmayrunoverby

acar.(02高考北京卷)

A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn

(5)H叩pybirthday,Alice.Soyouhavetwenty-onealready.(04天津卷)

A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed

(6)Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimetobeforetheparty.(04全国

卷H)

A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.geltochange

(7)Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,shepale.(04湖北卷)

A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared

(8)Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyof

nature.(04上海卷)

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt

(9)Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealthpoor.(02春上海卷)

A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues

(10)Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.Itgoodtolieinthesunorswimin

ihecoolsea.

A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes

(Key:CBCBBACBBB)

二、感官动词类

常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。感官动词

的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。

1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。

Ioftenheardthesongsung,butIhaveneverheardyousingit.

Whenyougotowatchthefootballwatch,youwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootball

teamwin.

2.后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。

Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.

Hearingthis,Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.

3.后接V-ed形式表被动意义。

Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.

AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglish,Ihadneverheardawordofitspoken.

【高考例题】

(1)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.

(NMET2000)

A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout

(2)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.(NMET03)

A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked

(3)Themissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.

A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay

(4)Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaughtandletheroff.(NMET93)

A.tohavestolenB.tobestealing

C.tostealD.stealing

(5)Helookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.

A.putB.tobeputting

C.toputD.putting(04春北京卷)

(Key:CBADD)

三、使役动词类

表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send

等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含

义。分以下三种情况：

1.make,lethave等后接不带to的不定式，表“使/让某人/某物做某事”。

Don'tmakehimdoitifhedoesn'twantto.

Ifyouhaveanyproblems,justletmeknow.

在被动结构中不定式须带t。，但是have不用于被动结构中.

Hewasmadetoapologisetotheguest.

2.have,keep,leave,send,set,get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。

I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.

Whydoyouhavehimworryingabouthislessons?

3.have,ke叩,leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。

Hedidn'tkeeponaskingmethelimeuntilhehadhadhiswatchrepaired.

I'llkeepyouinformedassoonasIhavethenews.

1.havesbdo让某人干某事

e.g:Whatwouldyouhavemedo?

havesb/sthdoing让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任

e.g:Iwon'thavewomenworkinginourcompany.

Thetwocheatshadthelightburningallnightlong.

havesthdone让别人干某事，遭受到

e.g:you'dbetterhaveyourteethpulledout.

Hehadhispocketpicked.

notes:"done”这个动作不是主语发出来的。

2.makesbdosth让某人干某事

e.g:Theymademerepeatthestory.

Whatmakesthegrassgrow?

notes:Iwasmadetorepeatthestory.

makesb/sthdone/adj./n

e.g.Thenewsmadehimhappy.

Hecouldn'tmakehimselfheardabovethenoiseofthetraffic.

Hisactionsmadehimuniversallyrespected.

Hemadeherhiswife.

3.getsbtodo使某人干某事

e.g:Ican'tgetanyonetodotheworkproperly.

getsthdone让别人干某事

e.g:Imustgetmyhaircut.

Canyougettheworkfinishedintime?

4.leavesbtodosth让某人干某事

e.g:Welefthimtopaintthegate.

I'llleaveyoutosettleallthebusiness.

leavesbdoing让继续处于某种状态

e.g:Don'tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.

Welefthimpaintingthegate.

leavesthdone/adj./prep.phrase

e.gPleaseexcusemeifIhaveleftanyofyourquestionsunanswered.

Hisillnesshaslefthimweak.

Iwasleftwitharayofhope.

********

使役性动词(CausativeVerb)

l.make/have/let+sb+dosth.

2.get/set/leave+sbtodo/doingsth.

【高考例题】

(1)Don'tleavethewaler_whileyoubrush

yourteeth.(04天津卷)

A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun

(2)Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildren'sactions

againstthelawsgetparents_.(04重庆卷)

A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry

(3)一Whydidyougobacktotheshop?

--Ileftmyfriendthere.(03春安徽内蒙古卷)

A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits

(4)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefireallnight.(NMET91)

A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned

(5)■—Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?

--I'dliketohavethispackage,madam.

A.beweighedB.weighing

C.weighedD.toweigh(NMET89)

(6)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself.(NMET91)

A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard

(7)Asyouhaveneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeoneyoutheway.(94上

海卷)

A.showB.toshowC.showingD.showed

(8)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.(NMET95)

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

(9)Acomputercandoonlywhatthinkingpeople.(99上海卷)

A.haveitdoB.haveitdone

C.havedoneitD.havingitdone

(10)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad

wentwrong.(98年上海卷)

A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

(Key:BCACCDABAC)

四、含情感色彩的动词

这类动词有excite,inspire,encourage,interest,satisfy,delightplease,move,frighten,

surprise,amaze,astonish,shock,worry,astonish,disappoint,discourage,exhaust,

puzzle,tire,terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed

两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。

Thestorywassomovingthateveryonepresentwasmovedtotears.

Whatdisappointingresult!Wewerealldisappointedwithit.

Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereachedthesummit.

【高考例题】

(1)Nickislookingforanoiherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoeshisboss.

(2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷)

A.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports

(2)-I'mverywithmyowncooking.Itlooksnicesmellsdelicious.

一Mm,itdoeshaveasmell.(02春NMET)

A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleased

C.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant

(3)Mr.Smith,ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.(03春北京卷)

A.tired;boringB.tiring;bored

C.tired;boredD.tiring;boring

(4)Ilisbelievedthatifabookis,itwillsurelythereader.(03上海聋)

A.interested;interestB.interesting：beinterested

C.interested；beinterestingD.interesting;interest

(5)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome.(04春上海卷)

A.beingexhaustedB.exhausted

C.exhaustingD.havingexhausted

(Key:BDADB)

五、后接不定式动词类

afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,mange,hope,want,wish,

promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。

Thankyouforofferingtohelp,butIcanmanagemyself.

Helearnedtorideabicyclewhenhewasasmallboy.

【高考例题】

(1)Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.(NMET95)

A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet

(2)LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.(NMET92)

A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking

(3)Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen_,butI'mgoingtostudyintheUSAthis

September.(04辽宁卷)

A.tobeheardB.tobehearing

C.tohearD.tohaveheard

(4)Shepretended,mewhenIpassedby.(NMET89)

A.nottoseeB.notseeing

C.tonotseeD.havingnotseen

(5)Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.(01高考.上海

卷)

A.totellB.tobetold

C.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold

(Key:CADAD)

六、后接V-ing形式动词类

该类动词常考的有appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,

finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,'stand,suggest

等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；

Idon'tmindwaiting,butFvegottostandinthecoldwind.

Haveyouconsideredmakingsomenecessarychangestoyourplan?

OnlybypractisingspeakingEnglisheverydaycanyouexpecttoimproveyour

spokenEnglish.

【高考例题】

(1)1wouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.

A.youtocallB.youcall

C.yourcallingD.you'recalling

(2)Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingthey

don'treallyneed.(96年上海卷)

A.topersuadeB.persuading

C.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

(3)HehasalwaysinsistedonhisDr.turnerinsteadofMr.Turner.(92上海卷)

A.beencalledB.called

C.beingcalledD.havingcalled

(4)Ireallyappreciatetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(04年上海卷)

A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtime

C.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime

⑸Doyoumind_aloneathome?(94年上海卷)

A.JaneleavingB.Janehavingleft

C.Jane'sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft

(6)IcanhardlyimaginePeteracrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(NMET91)

A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed

(Kcy:CBCBCC)

七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类

remember,try,regret,mean,forget,stop,goon,can'thelp等后接＞5定式与V-ing形

式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：

动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语

Remember过去发生的动作将来的动作

try尝试做某事努力做某事

regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾

mean意味着做某事企图(打算)做某事

can'thelp禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事

goon继续做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接着做另一件事

forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记做某事

stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事去做别的事

例如：

Irememberbeingpad,butI'veforgottentheexactamount.

Pleaseremembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonthenexttimeyouwritetome.

Idon'treallymeantoworkhere,whichmeansleavingthejobsoonafterwards.

【高考例题】

(1)—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.(NMET91)

-Oh,Iforgot.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoff

C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff

(2)…Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.(NMET95)

一Well,nowIregretthat.

A.todoB.tobedoing

C.tohavedoneD.havingdone

(3)Shecan'thelp_thehousebecauseshe'sbusymakingacake.(97上海卷)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned

(4)一1usuallygotherebytrain.(NMET92)

---Whynotbyboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing

(5)一Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalfists.

一Don'tyouremember_methestoryyesterday?(99年高考上海卷)

A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold

(6)Thelibraryneeds,butFilhavetowaituntilSunday.(NMET92)

A.cleaningB.becleaned

C.beingcleanedD.clean

(7)InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeansforanotherhour.(02春上海

卷)

A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting

(8)Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrockbythesideofthe

path.(NMET90)

A.restingB.tohaverestedC.restedD.torest

⑼Goontheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.(NMET89)

A.todoB.doingC.withD.tobedoing

(Key:BDADBRADA)

八、进行时态表将来意义动词类

这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come,start,arrive,lake,leave,

move等。例如：

WhenaregoingofftoforShanghai?

MaryaswellasherparentsisleavingforCalifornianextmonth.

【高考例题】

(1)I'vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.Imymum.(01春NMET)

A.amtakingB.havetaken

C.takeD.willhavetaken

（2）--Whatwereyoudoingwhenhecametoseeyou?（89上海卷）

一Ihadjustputonmyovercoatandvisitafriend.

A.leavingB.wasleftC.leftD.wasleaving

（3）一WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?

一Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandtotakeashower.（04天津卷）

A.hadstartedB.started

C.havestartedD.wasstarting

（Key:ADD）

九、主动表被动动词类

英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：

1.某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell,wash,v/rite,

last,read,wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。

Thiskindofclothwasheswellandlastslong.

Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.

WritteninsimpleEnglish,thisarticlereadseasily.

2.某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开,

营业）,close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh重）,act（上演）等。

Thedoorwon'tshut.

Thisshopopensmuchearlierthanitusedto.

Eachstoneweighs2tons.

3.某些不及物动词，tillhappen,occur,cost以及短语，如comeout（出版），come

up（出现），comeintobeing（产生）cometoone'smind想起）,turnout（证明

是），comeabout（发生），breakout姆发），belongto（属于）等，本身表被动

含义，所以它们常用主动形式。

ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe

18thcentury.

Suddenlyanideacametohismind.

Itneveroccurredtometophoneyou.

【高考例题】

（1）Theeveningnewscomesonatseveno'clockandonlythirtyminutes.（（）4全

国卷H）

A.keepsB.continuesC.finishesD.lasts

（2）---Mummy,canIputthepeachesinthecupboard?（02北京卷）

—No,dear.Theydon'twell.Puttheminthefridgeinstead.

A.keepB.fitC.getD.last

（3）Booksofthiskindwell.（99上海卷）

A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold

（key:DAA）

十、虚拟语气动词类

insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand等后

接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)+动词原形”。

Theguardatthegateinsistedthateveryoneshouldobeytherules.

Therulerequiresthateveryone,youngorold,manorwomen,havehiscarchecked

onceayear.

【高考例题】

(1)一HowdoyouwegoloBeijingforourholidays.

—Ithinkwe'dbetterflythere.It'smuchmorecomfortable.(04福建卷)

A.insistB.wantC.supposeD.suggest

(2)Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatsheill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe

amedicalexamination.(94上海卷)

A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have

C.shouldbe;hadD.was;has

⑶senttoworkhere?(02上海卷)

A.WhodoyousuggestB.Whodoyousuggestthatshould

C.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould

(Key:DBA)

十一、省略替代类

believe,think,suppose,guess,hope,expect,imagine,wouldlike/love,beafraid等动

词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to

来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：

—DoyouthinkNormanwouldhavelentmehiscarIhadaskedhimto?

一Yes,I,thinkso.

-Willyoubeabletocometomybirthdayparty?

…I'dloveto,butI'mtoobusy.

注意：believe,think,suppose,guess等用于否定回答时,既可以说Ibelieve(think,

supposeguess)not,也可以说Idon'tbelieve(think,supposeguess)so,但用hope,

expect,beafraid作否定回答时，只能说Ihope(expect)not以及I'mafraidnot,

【高考例题】

(1)---1believewe'venielsomewherebefore.(2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷)

-No,.

A.itisn'tthesameB.itcan'tbetrue

C.Idon'tthinksoD.I'drathernot

(2)一Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?(03春北京卷)

A.IguessnotsoB.Idon'tguess

C.Idon'tguessitD.Iguessnot

(3)--Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?

—.(NMET94)

A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveit

C.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot

(Key:CDD)

十二、否定转移类

think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时,

从句若为否定结构，常将否定同IKH前移到主句中。

Idon'tthinkitispossibletolearnaforeignlanguagewellwithoutmuchmemory

work.

Hedoesn'tthinkTomwillmakeanexcellentplayer.

当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略

形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：

Idon'tthinkthereisanythingelseIneed,isthere?

Hedoesn'tbelievehewillbeabletosolvetheproblemsbyherself,doeshe?

【高考例题】

(1)1don'tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,?(01上海卷)

A.doIB.don'tIC.willtheyD.won'tthey

(2)Mrs.Blackdoesn'tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,?(02JL

海卷)

A.isheB.isn'theC.doesn'tsheD.doesshe

(Key:CD)

十三、带介词10的动词短语类

这类短语有be(get)usedto,leadto,devote…to,lookforwardto,stickto,objectto,

getdownto,thereisnoendto当它们后面出现动词时,要用V-ing形式。例

如：

I'vegotusedtodrivinginallkindsofweather.

Assoonasshereturnedhomefromabroad,shegotdowntopreparingsupperfor

children.

注意区分介词to与不定式符号toa

Heusedlodriveontherightandnowheisusedtodrivingontheleft,(usedto表”过

去常常”，to为不定式符号,beusedto表"习惯于"，to为介词)

I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon,(lookforwardto意思是“盼望,期待”，

to为介词。)

Helookedforwardtoseewhatwashappening.(lookforward意为“向前看"，tosee

是不定式作目的状语。)

【高考例题】

(1)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosomeschoolsforpoor

children.（01上海卷）

A.setupB.settingup

C.havesetupD.havingseiup

（2）Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto.（03.上海卷）

A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethief

C.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught

（3）Shelooksforwardeveryspringtotheflower-linedgarden.（94上海卷）

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkingD.walkingin

（Key:BCD）

十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类

这类动词常考的有go,come,leave,start,return,begin,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,

lend,open,cl