Unit-4Grammar+课件-2026春沪教版英语八年级下册

沪教牛津版英语八年级下册ArtsandHeritageGrammerThepassivevoice:(被动语态）结构:Football

isplayedallovertheworld.用来表示主语是动作的承受者。语法重点01主动语态VS被动语态01主动语态VS被动语态主动：被动：Petercleanedthebedroom.动作执行者动作接受者ThebedroomwascleanedbyPeter.动作接受者动作执行者orThebedroomwascleanedbyPeter.句子的重点在于房间被清理，动作执行者是谁并不重要的情况下，可以直接省略不提。什么是被动语态？主动语态的主语是句子中动作的“执行者”，而被动语态的主语，则是句子中动作的“承受者”当我们认为执行动作的人是谁并不重要，反而是“接受动作”的人或物值得被强调时，我们就会用“被动语态”来凸显“被执行动作”的人或物。被动语态的主语，就是主动语态的宾语；主动语态的主语在被动语态中，会放在介词by后面，并移到动词之后，有时甚至会因为不重要，干脆省略掉。02被动语态的基本句型02被动语态的基本句型主语+be动词+过去分词（V-ed）+（by执行动作者）（接受动作者）被动语态的基本元素就是：be动词+过去分词。无论是什么时态的被动语态，这两个元素都缺一不可。be动词则随主语及时态做变化。现在时的被动语态：12过去时的被动语态：将来时的被动语态：3The

door

is

locked.单数be动词现在时lock的过去分词Mynewbikewasstolen.单数be动词过去时steal的过去分词Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.be动词将来时finish的过去分词03什么时候要使用被动语态？03什么时候要使用被动语态？1想要凸显动作的接受者时Jackhasbeenfired.强调被开除的人是杰克。2动作执行者不重要时Themeetingiscancelled.重点是会议被取消，至于被谁取消，并不是那么重要。04如何将主动句改为被动句？04如何将主动句改为被动句？例主动句：Momwateredthegarden.被动句：ThegardenwaswateredbyMom.步骤：123将主动句中的宾语改为主语动词改为被动语态将主动句中的主语，放在介词by之后，并接在被动语态后请将下列主动句改为被动句。Grandmaisbakingacarrotcake.主动句：被动句：AcarrotcakeisbeingbakedbyGrandma.接受动作者变主语现在进行时be动词+bake的过去分词Welldone!©CambridgeUniversityPress2022Passivereportstructures©CambridgeUniversityPress2022ItisthoughtthatpoorwaterqualityandpollutionaredamagingtheGreatBarrierReef.Itissaidthatabout16.8milliontouristsvisitLondoneachyear.Little

isknownabouttheVoronyaCaveinGeorgiabecauseitissoinaccessible.©CambridgeUniversityPress2022Canyouremembertherules?1Weusepassivereportstructureswhenwewanttoreportinformationandtheagentisnotimportant.TheAmazonrainforestisknown

tobethelargestforestintheworld.(It’snotimportanttosaywhothinksthis.)TheiceinAntarcticaisbelievedtobedisappearing.2Wemostlyusepassivereportstructureswithverbslikesay,think,believe,knowandconsider.Thousandsofcaves

arethoughttoexistinChina.3Passivereportstructuresarequiteformalandarecommonlyusedinnewsreports.4Ifweuseapassivereportstructuretotalkaboutbeliefsorknowledgeinthepresentweusebe+pastparticipleofthereportingverb+infinitive.Reallystrangecreaturesarethoughttoexistinthedeepoceans.Sheisconsideredtobearealexpertonwildlife.5

Ifweuseapassivereportstructuretotalkaboutbeliefsorknowledgeinthepast,weusebe+pastparticipleofthereportingverb+to+presentperfectinfinitive.DinosaursarethoughttohavedisappearedbecauseofamajordisasteronEarth.(Theynolongerexist.)Theyareknowntohavehadverysmallbrains.©CambridgeUniversityPress2022Canyouremembertherules?时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneItiscalledanapple.一般过去时was/were+doneThisbikewasboughtlastmonth.现在进行时Am/is/are+beingdoneItisbeingrepairedthesedays.过去进行时Was/were+beingdoneHewasbeingpunishedwhenIcamein.现在完成时Have/has+beendoneTheworkhasbeenfinished.过去完成时Had+beendoneTheworkhadbeenfinishedbytheendofyesterday.一般将来时Will/shall+bedoneTheworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.过去将来时Would/should+bedoneHesaidthattheworkwouldbefinishednextweek.Itiscalled

apan(平底锅）.Itismadeof

metal（金属）.Itiscalled

acup.Itismadeofchina(陶瓷）.Itiscalled

ajacket（夹克衫）Itismadeof

leather(皮革).Itisapairofglasses.Itismadeof

glass.Itisastamp.(邮票）Itismadeof

paper.It’sakey.Itismadeof

metal(金属）.2.What

isitmadeof?It’smadeof

paper.3.Whatisitusedfor?It’susedforreading.It’sa

book.1.What’sthiscalledinEnglish?lock(n.)lockingadoor(v.)What’sthiscalledinEnglish?Whatisitmadeof?Whatisitusedfor?achairwoodsittingwoodstampsendingaletter寄，送ReviewMagicWords游戏主题：Whoisfaster?游戏规则：教师点击足球射门，射中瞬间会

出现单词，学生快速说出其中文

对应的英文短语。Lead-inDaminoften（1）__________(use)cormorantstocatchfish.Heusually（2）____________(setoff)inthelateafternoon.First,apieceofgrass（3）___________(tie)aroundthecormorant'sneck.Then,thecormorants（4）______________(push)intotheriver.Theyoften（5）___________(bring)thefishbacktotheboatwhentheygetthefish.usessetsoffistiedarepushedbring

主动语态VS被动语态

Presentation2.被动语态：主语为动作的承受者。Thelittleboyischasedbyhisbrother.1.主动语态：主语为动作的发出者。Thelittleboyisreadingabook.动词语态Presentation被动语态的构成：be+动词的过去分词eg.Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。Mybikewasstolenlastnight.我的自行车昨天被偷了。Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。ThepassivevoiceActivesentencestelluswhoorwhatdoessomething.Daminusescormorantstocatchfish.Passivesentencesoftendonottelluswhoorwhatdoessomething.Nonetsarerequiredforthistypeoffishing.PresentationPresentationWeformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepresenttenselikethis:Iam(not)seen.You/We/Theyare(not)He/She/Itis(not)Weuse____,____or____+pastparticipetoformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepresenttense.WorkouttheruleamisarePresentationLookandsay(1)Manydishes

(wash)bythemaneveryday.arewashed(2)Theyoungtrees

(water)bythemeverythreedays.arewateredPresentationWhenwewanttotellwhoorwhatdoessomethinginapassivesentence,weaddaphrasewithby.ThefisharethentakenandthrownintoabigbasketbyDamin.ThingstorememberHisgrandparents

are

seen

byhimonSundays.A.MaryreadanotherarticleaboutDaminandhisbirdsinthenewspaper.Completethearticlewiththeverbsfromtheboxinthepresentpassiveform.PresentationOnceayear,anewcormorant(1)_____________byDamin.First,thecormoranteggs(2)_____________.Thenthebestone(3)__________andgiventoachicken.After26days,thebabycormorantbreaksoutoftheegg.bringupcheckcontrolgivelookaftertakeisbroughtuparecheckedistakenThenit(4)______________byDaminhimself.Fortendays,it(5)__________foodeveryhour.Thetemperature(6)_____________tokeepthebabycormorantwarm.Thebabycormorantgrowsstronger.Aftertwomonths,itcanjointheothercormorantsontheboat.bringupcheckcontrolgivelookaftertakeislookedafterisgiveniscontrolledPresentationPresentationWeformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepasttenselikethis:Iwas(not)seen.You/We/Theywere(not)He/She/Itwas(not)WorkouttheruleWeuse_____or_____+pastparticipetoformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepasttense.waswere

B.

MarywatchedaTVprogrammeaboutDamin.ItwasmadebyafilmcompanyfromtheUK.Thisishowtheyfilmedtheprogramme.Completedthepassagewiththeverbsfromtheboxinthepastpassiveform.Thefilmcompanywantedtomakeaprogrammeaboutcormorantfishing,sowecamefromtheUKtoChina.Manycormorantfishermen(1)__________________.choosefilminterviewtakeusewereinterviewedPresentationIntheend,Damin(2)___________becauseheisthebestfishermaninhisvillage.Thenthecameraandlights(3)__________toDamin’svillage.Damin(4)___________bythecameraman.Aboat(5)__________tofilmontheriver.choosefilminterviewtakeusewaschosenweretakenwasfilmedwasusedPresentationPresentationWorkouttheruleWeformthepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetenselikethis:Iwill(not)beseen.You/We/TheyHe/She/ItWeuse_____+pastparticipetoformthepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetense.willPresentationNotethepositionsoftheverbsinpassivequestions:Isapieceofgrasstiedaroundtheneckofeachbird?Wasalighthungonthepostatthefrontoftheboat?Willthefishbesoldinthemarket?ThingstorememberPresentation

C.Afterthefilming,theBritishdirectortalkedtoDamin.Completehiswordswiththeverbsfromtheboxinthefuturepassiveform.Thankyouforyourhelp,Damin.Youdidawonderfuljob.Nowthefilm(1)____________backtotheUK.We’lldosomemoreworkonit.Somemusic(2)________________toit.addmakeshowtakewatchwillbetakenwillbeaddedPresentationIt(3)_____________intoatelevisionprogramme.Thenourprogramme(4)_____________inmanycountriesaroundtheworld.It(5)_________________bymillionsofpeople!addmakeshowtakewatchwillbemadewillbeshownwillbewatchedChoosethecorrectanswers:()1.Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit_______.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented()2.Thesportsmeeting________nextmonth.A.willholdB.isgoingtoholdC.willbeheld()3.HanHan’sbooksarepopular.They______bymanyteenagers.A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.werereadDCCLet'sdoSummary被动语态

（1）主动语态：主语是动作的发出者

被动语态：主语是动作的承受者

（2）结构：be+及物动词的过去分词一般现在时：am/is/are(not)+done

一般过去时：was/were(not)+done

一般将来时：will(not)+bedone

Fillintheblanks:wasinvitedwillbebuiltismadewasn'treadwillbefinishedExercise1．I

（invite）togotoBetty’sbirthdaylastnight.2．Anewshoppingmall

（build）here.Itwillbeveryconvenientforus.3．Mybreakfast

（make）bymymothereveryday.4.Thestory

（notread）byGrannyyesterday.5.Myhomework

(finish)intwohours.(1)Hewritesalettertohisparentseveryweek.

变为被动句被动句：Aletteriswrittentohisparents

byhim

everyweek.Rewritesentences:Exercise(2)Mycatatemydeliciousfishyesterday.

变为被动句被动句：Mydeliciousfishwaseatenbymycatyesterday.(3)IwillseethemovieKongfuPandatomorrow.

变为被动句被动句：ThemovieKongfuPanda

willbeseen

bymetomorrow.ThepassiveinthesimplepastandthesimplefutureReadthesentencesbelow.Payattentiontothewordsinbold.Thepaintingwasdamaged

byfire,anditwassplitintotwopieces.Thetwopartsofthepaintingwereshown

togetheratlastin2011.Thepaintingswillbedisplayed

inthelibrary.Theartistwillbeinvited

togiveatalk.GrammerWeusewasorwere+pastparticipletoformthepassiveinthesimplepast.•Weusewillbe+pastparticipletoformthepassiveinthesimplefuture.1Readthetwopassagesandunderlineexamplesofthepassiveinthesimplepastandthesimplefuture.(1)In1269,aboynamedLuJianwasbornintoapoorfamily.Helosthisparentsataveryyoungage,andhewaslateradoptedbyHuangLe.Followingthecustomoftheday,hisfamilynamewaschangedfromLutoHuang.Fromthenon,hewasknownasHuangGongwang.Heworkedforthegovernmentandthenbecameapainter.Mostofhisfamouslandscapeswerepaintedafterhis70thbirthday.HislastyearswerespentneartheFuchunRiverinZhejiang.Huanglovedthebeautifullandscapeinthearea,andhisbestpaintingswerecreatedthere.Hepassedawayattheageof85.(2)Fourweeksago,thelocalpaintingcompetitionbegan.Someartteachersandlocalartistswere

invitedtobethejudges.Thecompetitionwasagreatsuccess!Thewinnerswillbeannouncedthisafternoon.Awardsforthetoptenpaintingswillbepresented.Thisyear,anartistundertheageof18willbegivenaspecialprize.Allthepaintingswillbe

putondisplayinthelocallibraryfortwoweeks.Comeandhavealook!An84-year-oldgrandmother’sfirstartshowGrannyChenstartedpaintingwhenshewasveryyoung,butshenevershowedanyoneherpaintings.Whenshewas84yearsold,herfirstartshow⁽¹⁾______(hold)atthelocallibrary.Dozensofherpaintings⁽²⁾______(put)ondisplay.However,onthedayoftheopening,itstartedrainingveryheavily.Almostnoonecametoseeherpaintings,andGrannyChenwasveryunhappyaboutit.Thesameday,hergrandsonpostedastoryaboutitonline.Tohersurprise,thepost⁽³⁾____________(share)bythousandsofpeople.GrannyChen’sinbox⁽⁴⁾______(fill)withkindmessagesfromacrossthecountry.Now,GrannyChenwillholdanotherartshowathergrandson’sschool.Thestudents’parents⁽⁵⁾______(invite)totheopeningnextmonth.Someofherpaintings⁽⁶⁾______(sell)onlineandthemoney⁽⁷⁾______(donate)toanartsprogrammeforchildren.Let’senjoythisvidoeAn84-year-oldgrandmother’sfirstartshowGrannyChenstartedpaintingwhenshewasveryyoung,butshenevershowedanyoneherpaintings.Whenshewas84yearsold,herfirstartshowwasheldatthelocallibrary.Dozensofherpaintingswereputondisplay.However,onthedayoftheopening,itstartedrainingveryheavily.Almostnoonecametoseeherpaintings,andGrannyChenwasveryunhappyaboutit.Thesameday,hergrandsonpostedastoryaboutitonline.Tohersurprise,thepostwassharedbythousandsofpeople.GrannyChen’sinboxwasfilledwithkindmessagesfromacrossthecountry.Now,GrannyChenwillholdanotherartshowathergrandson’sschool.Thestudents’parentswillbeinvitedtotheopeningnextmonth.Someofherpaintingswillbesoldonlineandthemoneywillbedonatedtoanartsprogrammeforchildren.Grammarinuse3.Supposeyouaregoingtoholdanartexhibitionatschool.Discussingroupshowtoplantheexhibition.Usethefoll