Unit1Pastandpresent知识点课件译林版八年级英语下册

pastandpresentU1WELCOME1、Iusedtogotoschoolbybike.我过去骑自行车去上学。usedto曾经（暗含“现在不再”之意）IusedtoreadEnglishintheevening，butnowIusuallyreaditinthemorning.used

to

do

sth的否定有两种：usednottodosth=didn’tusetodosthMysisterdidn’tusetohaveshorthair.=Mysisterusednottohaveshorthair.used

to

do

sth的疑问有两种：Used+主语+todosth？=Did+主语+usetodosth？Didyouusetogotothemovies？=Usedyoutogotothemovies?1、Iusedtogotoschoolbybike.我过去骑自行车去上学。usedtodosth过去常常做某事Heusedtogotosleepat11o’clockintheevening.be

used

to

do

sth被用于做某事Woodisusedtomakehouses.be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事Heis/getsusedtogoingtosleepearly.2、WhenIwasyoung,therewereonlyafewbuses,andtheywerealwayscrowded.在我小时候，只有几辆公交车，而且他们总是很拥挤。afew一些少量，表示肯定意义，修饰或指代cnsfew不多，很少，几乎没有，表示否定意义，修饰或指代cnsalittle一点儿，少许，表示肯定意义，修饰或指代unlittle不多，很少，表示否定意义，修饰或指代unThereareafeweggsinthefridge，soIneedn’ttobuyany.Therearefeweggsinthefridge,soIneedtobuysome.Thereisalittlemilkinthecup.Thereislittlemilkinthecup.2、WhenIwasyoung,therewereonlyafewbuses,andtheywerealwayscrowded.在我小时候，只有几辆公交车，而且他们总是很拥挤。crowdedadj拥挤的反义词uncrowded不拥挤的becrowdedwith…挤满了。。。Thisisacrowdedstreet.Theroomiscrowdedwithbooks.crowdn人群READING1、TheriseofShenzhen,acityofinnovation深圳的崛起—一座创新之城rise①n（重要性，优势，权利等的）增强Wearestudyingtheriseoftheinternetinhistoryclass.②n（数量或水平的）增加，提高Thereisa

rise

in

the

number

of

students

in

our

school.③vt（rose，risen）（数量、价值或数字的）增加，增长riseby上升了。。Theriverhasrisen

by

1

meter

after

the

rain.riseto上升到。。Thepricerosetosevenyuanperkilo.④vi（太阳、月亮等）上升；升起；反义词set（太阳等）落下Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteveryday.raisevt举起提起Heraisedahand

in

greeting.2、Innovationliesattheheartofthecity.创新正是这座城市的核心。lievi①存在，在于常和in连用Thesecretofhappinesslies

in

helpingothers.②位于，坐落在GuilinliesonthetwosidesoftheLijiangRiver.③躺Thecatislyingasleepbythefire.④说谎lietosb对某人说谎3、Today，itisleadingthemovefrom“MadeinChina”to“CreatedinChina”.如今，它正引领着从“中国制造”到“中国创造”的转变。leadvled-led①引领，领导leadsbto…引领某人到。。。；带领某人去。。Theroadleadsyoutothestation.②导致leadto导致leadsbtodosth导致/促使某人做某事Thiswillleadtomanyproblemsinthefuture.Whatled

him

to

think

so?leader领导者3、Today，itisleadingthemovefrom“MadeinChina”to“CreatedinChina”.如今，它正引领着从“中国制造”到“中国创造”的转变。move①n改变，转变Ourcountryisleadingthemovefromfossilfuels(化石燃料）tocleanenergy.②n移动活动Don’tmakeamove！③v搬家，搬迁moveto+地点搬到某地TheyaremovingtoBeijinginamonth.④v使改变位置，使移动，搬动HemovedanewTVto

his

bedroom.4、Shenzhenisalsoactiveinitsdrivetobecomeaculturalcenter.深圳也积极致力于成为一个文化中心。drive①cn有组织的努力，运动Thecompanystartedanewdrivetoimproveitsproducts.这家公司启动了一项新举措，以改进其产品。②vdrove-driven驾驶开车Hedrivestoworkeveryday.5、Itoffersawealthofculturalfacilities,suchaslibraries,museums,theatersandarespaces,aswellasmanyexcellentculturalandeducationalactivities.它提供了丰富的文化设施，如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间，以及许多优质的文化和教育活动。offervt主动提出自愿给予offersth提供某物Heofferedagoodplanforourholiday.offer

todosth(主动）提出做某事Tomofferedtodriveustothebusstation.offersbsth=offersthtosb（主动）给某人提供某物Weshouldofferothersourhelp.5、Itoffersawealthofculturalfacilities,suchaslibraries,museums,theatersandarespaces,aswellasmanyexcellentculturalandeducationalactivities.它提供了丰富的文化设施，如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间，以及许多优质的文化和教育活动。wealthn大量丰富财富富有wealthyadj.富裕的有钱的awealthof大量的丰富的Heisamanofwealth.他是个富翁。aswellas①除。。之外，也，还Weneedtobuysomevegetablesaswellasfruit.②和。。一样好Shesingsaswellashereldersister.as

well也，位于肯定句末，前面一般不用句号。6、Moreover,thecityhasownanhonourfromUNESCOforbeinga

role

model

in

encouraging

reading

among

the

public.此外，这座城市还因是鼓励民众阅读的典范，而荣获联合国教科文组织颁发的荣誉。honour（honor美式写法）①n荣誉，荣幸，尊敬winanhonour赢得一项荣誉inhonourof…为了表示对。。的敬意，为了纪念②vt尊重；表示敬意；给予表扬behonouredwith…被授予。。。荣誉public①n民众inpublic公开地在别人面前Idon’tliketomakeaspeechinpublic.②adj公共的，公众的，公开的Hedecidedtomakethesubjectpublic.7、Evenamongthebusystreetsandtallbuildings,youcanfindpeaceandquietinthismoderncity.甚至在繁忙的街道和高楼大厦之间，你也能在这座现代化城市中找到安宁与静谧。among三者或以上的“在。。之间”Ourteacherstandsamongthestudents.between在两者之间MarystandsbetweenTomandFrank.8、“Electricbusesproducelessairpollutionandmakelittlenoise,andnowpeoplehereareenjoyingacleanerenvironment,”saidacityplanner.“电动公共汽车产生更少的空气污染，几乎不产生噪声，现在这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境,”一位城市规划师说道。electricadj电动的anelectricblanket一个电热毯electricaladj电的，与电有关的Myfatherisanelectricalengineer.electricity

un电Thesystemuseselectricitytoheatthewater.8、“Electricbusesproducelessairpollutionandmakelittlenoise,andnowpeoplehereareenjoyingacleanerenvironment,”saidacityplanner.“电动公共汽车产生更少的空气污染，几乎不产生噪声，现在这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境,”一位城市规划师说道。plannern设计者规划者plan①vt计划planned-planned-planningplantodosth计划做某事IplantovisittheGreatWall.②cn打算计划makeaplan（for…）制定（。。的）计划Weneedtomakeaplanforthefuture.9、Sincethelate1970s,ShenzhenhasdevelopedatanamazingspeedandhasbecomeasymbolofChina’sdevelopment.自20世纪70年代末以来，深圳以惊人的速度发展，已成为中国发展的一个象征。since①介词自。。以来，后接表示过去的时间点sincethen从那时起We’veknownaboutitsinceMay.②连词自。。以来

引导时间状语从句，从句一般为过去式Hehasraisedmorethan1000yuanforhomelesspeoplesincethesummervacationbegan.9、Sincethelate1970s,ShenzhenhasdevelopedatanamazingspeedandhasbecomeasymbolofChina’sdevelopment.自20世纪70年代末以来，深圳以惊人的速度发展，已成为中国发展的一个象征。amazing惊人的amazed感到吃惊的developmentun发展，发育，成长thedevelopmentof…。。。的发展developv发展，开发；成长，发育developed发达的developing发展中的10、Thecity’spioneeringspirit,togetherwiththehardworkandcreativityofitscitizens,iscertainlythekeytoitssuccess.这座城市的开拓精神，加上居民的辛勤劳动和创造力，无疑是它成功的关键。togetherwith①同。。一起=alongwithJenny,togetherwithherparents,livesinNanjing.②包括。。在内Togetherwithourneighbours,thereare7peopleintheroom.certainlyadv无疑，肯定①用于be、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。Hecancertainlygiveyousomeadvice.②单独使用，表示：当然可以，没问题Canyouhelpme？Certainly！10、Thecity’spioneeringspirit,togetherwiththehardworkandcreativityofitscitizens,iscertainlythekeytoitssuccess.这座城市的开拓精神，加上居民的辛勤劳动和创造力，无疑是它成功的关键。certainadj某。。。，无疑；肯定inacertainplace在某个地方success①un成功Hardworkcanleadtosuccess.②cn成功的人或事Thefilmwasagreatsuccess.11、Inthepast,mostfamiliesmadealivingbyfishing.过去，大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。makealiving谋生=makeone’slivingIt’snoteasytomakealivingasanartist.makealivingby=makeone’slivingbyHisfathermakesalivingbyrepairingcars.GRAMMAR现在完成时一.理解什么是现在完成时？现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有影响的动作。特点1：动作发生在过去，延续到现在，可能还会继续发生。特点2：动作在过去结束，状态或影响延续到现在。总结：过去发生的动作与现在有联系——故用现在的时间——现在的时间用have/has的一般现在时表示例1：Themaninredhasbeendeadforthreedays.解析：dead（状态）例2：Mum,Ihavefinishedmyhomework.CanIgooutforwalk?解析：finished（动作发生在过去，与现在有联系）二.现在完成时的结构I.have/has+动词的过去分词从have/has的形式可以看出时间为__________(现在还是过去)。例：Wehaven’tfinishedreadingthenovelyet.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词否定句：主语+have/hasnot+动词的过去分词疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词？肯定回答：Yes，主语+have/has.否定回答：No，主语+have/hasnot.三.现在完成时的标志现在完成时常与already,ever,just,never,recently,yet,since+时间点,for+时间段,manytimes等连用。Ihavealready/just+done，Ihavenotdone

yet.现在例1：already和yetalready用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句中。Beckyhas__________fedthedog,butshehasn'twateredtheplants__________.A.never;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;beforeD.yet;already例2：justHe___________just__________(write)toherparents.参考答案：has;written例3：BeforeThechildreninthatvillage_______never______(visit)Beijingbefore.参考答案：have;visited例4：SofarOurcountry__________(change)alotsofar.参考答案：haschanged例5;sinceUncleWang________(live)inNanjingsincethreeyearsago.参考答案：haslived例6：forI___________(have)itfortwoweeks.参考答案：havehad

四.过去分词的变化规则规则动词的变化规则1.一般在动词原形后加-edwork---worked2.以-e结尾的动词直接加-dlive--lived3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加-edcarry-carried4.以元音字母y结尾的词，直接加-ed5.末位只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，加-edstop--stopped不规则动词的过去式和过去分词背诵教材。Mum,I

___________(finish)practicingthepiano.MayIgotoplayfootballnow?

havefinished-Themoviemanjianghonghitsscreenthesedays.-Oh,whatapity!I____anyofthemyet.A.doesn’twatchB.didn’twatchC.won’twatchD.haven’twatch1-Youseemtoknowmuchaboutthecity.-That’strue.I____itthreetimes.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.havevisitedD.willvisit2RosecametoBeijingin2006.She___hereforsomanyyears.A.liveB.waslivingC.willliveD.haslived3I’msorry

you__thewonderfulfootballgame.itwasjustover.A.havelostB.havemissedC.aremissingD.willlose4Theboy___anapple,Buthewantstoeatanotherone.A.

has

eaten

B.eat

C.will

eat

D.waseaten5-_______mydictionary?-Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago.A.HaveyouseenB.DoyouseeC.hadyouseenD.wouldyousee1、I’vejustfoundoutmanythingsaboutShenzhenfrommyuncle.我刚从叔叔那里了解到很多关于深圳的事情。findout了解，弄清find发现，找到lookfor寻找Iwanttofindoutsomeinformationaboutdinosaursontheinternet.Ilostmywallet.Ilookedforiteverywhere,butIcouldn’tfindit.2、HesaidtherearealotmorejobsnowinShenzhen,andthelivingconditionsaremuchbetter.他说现在深圳有更多的工作机会，而且居住条件也好多了。alot①很，非常Itusuallyrainsalotinthisarea.Yourroomis

a

lot

bigger

than

mine.Herunsalotfaster.比较级前的修饰词：两多（much，alot）两少（alittle，abit）一甚至（even），还有一个远（far）去了。②许多，大量Sheknowsalot.alotof=lotsof许多的，大量的3、Didhe

tell

youanythingelse?他还告诉你别的了吗？anythingelse其他任何事情else修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词时，放在修饰词之后。Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?当adj修饰不定代词something、anything、nothing时，放在不定代词之后somethingspecialnothingserious4、Peoplecangetaroundthecityeasily.人们可以很容易地在城市里出行。getaround各处走动，传播，流传Shegetsaroundwiththehelpofastick.5、HaveyoubeentoShenzhenbefore?你以前去过深圳吗？have/hasbeento+地点名词去过某地(已回）常与表示次数的词组（once，twice，threetimes）或ever，never，before等连用HaveyoubeentoBeijingbefore?have/hasgoneto+地点名词去了某地（未回）-Whereisyourbrother？-HehasgonetoShanghai.have/hasbeenin+sp+一段时间在某地待了多久HehasbeeninBeijingfortenyears.6、Youcanjoinme!你可以加入我！join加入（党派，团体，组织等）；成为。。的一员jointheparty入党attend出席参加（婚礼，葬礼，会议等）attendameetingtakepartin参加（群众性活动等，并发挥积极的作用）take

partinactivities

7、Recently,theairinourtownhasimprovedaloyt.最近，我们镇上的空气改善了很多。recentlyadv最近常用于现在完成时的句子中，指最近的一段时间。Ihaven’tseenhisteacherrecently.recent

adj近来的，新近的Canyousayanythingaboutyourrecentwoek?8、Somepeopleinthecountrysidehavealreadymovedtonewbuildings.一些农村的人已经搬到新楼里了。alreadyadv已经早已常用于助动词之后，行为动词之前，也可以用于句末。Hehasalreadywrittentwonovels.Haveyoureceivedhisletteralready?yetadv尚（未），还常用于否定句或疑问句中，通常位于句末，常用于完成时，表示某事还未发生或者某种情况还没有开始出现，或询问是否发生。Hehasn’tgotmarriedyet.Has

the

factory

improved

the

situation

yet?9、YoucouldsayIhavefalleninlovewithShenzhen—itfeelslikehome.你可以说我爱上了深圳—感觉它像家一样。fallinlovewith爱上（某人或某物），表示动作beinlovewith表示状态HefellinlovewithChinaassoonashecamehere.INTEGRATION1、Whenyoustepontothewide,cleanroadsofStarlightVillage,youwillseerowsofnewhouses,talltreesandbeautifulflowers.当你踏上星光村宽阔、干净的道路时，你会看到一排排新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。step①v迈步，踩，踏，行走stepforward主动站出来（帮忙或提供信息）；向前迈步stepon踩；踏；踩到（某物/某人）WhenIaskedforhelp,hesteppedforward.Don’tsteponthegrass.②n步骤，措施1、Whenyoustepontothewide,cleanroadsofStarlightVillage,youwillseerowsofnewhouses,talltreesandbeautifulflowers.当你踏上星光村宽阔、干净的道路时，你会看到一排排新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。asteptoward(s)sth迈向。。的第一步，朝着。。迈出第一步takesteps采取措施③n步，阶段Step1第一步stepbystep一步一步地wide①adj宽的，宽阔的twometerswide两米宽②adv充分地Thedoorwaswideopen.widelyadv普遍地，广泛地，范围广地。Theideaiswidelyaccepted.2、Thankstothegovernment’ssupport,theroadsinthevillagehaveimprovedalotinrecentyears.多亏了政府的支持，村里的道路近年来改善了很多。thanksto由于，多亏，因为有时候可以和withthehelpof或becauseof互换ThankstoMary，Ifinishedmywork.=WiththehelpofMary,Ifinishedmywork.thanksto由于，多亏，因为thanksfor因。。而感谢3、Farmershavemodernmachinesandtechnologytohelpwithfarmwork...农民有现代化的机器和技术来帮助做农活。。。helpwithsth帮忙做某事=help（to）dosthhelpsbwithsth=helpsbtodosth帮助某人做某事4、Thevillagershavestoppedfarming.农民们已经停止务农了。stopdoingsth停止做某事，指停止正在做的事情stoptodosth停下来去做某事指停止原来做的事去做另一件事Theyweretired，buttheydidn’tstopworking.Wearetired,let’sstoptohavearest.5、Touristsstayingattheguesthouseenjoyhelpingonthefarm.住在民宿的游客喜欢在农场帮忙。enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事，享受做某事的乐趣Heenjoysclimbingthemountainsinthemorning.enjoyoneself玩得开心过得愉快6、Butdidyouknowthatareausedtobeanemptyfield?但是你知道那个区域以前是一片空地吗？empty①adj空的反义词fullThebusesarealmostempty.②vt把。。倒空反义词fillWouldyouemptythebin,please?7、Nowitiscommontotakeabus,ataxiortheunderground.现在，乘公交汽车、出租车或地铁很常见。commonadj普遍的共同的常见的Makingmistakesinclassiscommon,sobebravetofaceit.havesomethingincommon(withsb)(与某人）有相同的特征，此处的common为名词Tomysurprise，wehavenothingincommon.重点词组汇总1gotoschool去上学16winanhonourfrom获得来自。。的荣誉2onf