Unit1SectionAGrammarFocus课件-人教版英语八年级下册-1

Readthefollowingsentenceandanswerthequestion.Youknow,inHuaguoshan,Ioftenfeelbored.SoIliketoplaybasketball.1.Thestructureofthepartinbold:__________________2.Itsname:____________3.Actas_________（subject/object）inthesentence.todo（to+动词原形）aninfinitive（动词不定式）object动词中文含义例句want想要Iwanttobuyanewbook.hope希望ShehopestovisitBeijing.plan计划Theyplantohaveapicnic.decide决定Hedecidedtostudyharder.agree同意Weagreedtomeetat8:00.offer主动提出Sheofferedtohelpme.learn学习Heislearningtoswim.promise承诺Ipromisetotellthetruth.你还能想起哪些后接动词不定式作宾语的单词？infinitive不定式asobject作宾语asadverbial作状语asobjectcomplement作宾语补足语（宾补）如何区分呢？Task:Pleasefindthepredicate(谓语)andtheobject(宾语)ineachofthethreeunderlinedsentencesabove.1.TheMonkeyKingasks

hismonkeystogetfruitforbreakfast.2.Thenhetells

themtopracticekungfu.3.Healwaysteaches

themtoprotecttheirhometown.1.TheMonkeyKingasks

hismonkeystogetfruitforbreakfast.2.Thenhetells

them

topracticekungfu.3.Healwaysteaches

them

toprotecttheirhometown.根据句意，判断不定式所表示的动作是由谁来完成的？总结：如果不定式是用来补充说明_________语的动作、状态的，那么该不定式就在句中作____________。宾宾语补足语1.TheMonkeyKingasks

hismonkeystogetfruitforbreakfast.2.Thenhetells

them

topracticekungfu.3.Healwaysteaches

them

toprotecttheirhometown.再观察并总结：动词不定式作宾语的句型结构：____________________________________主语+动词+宾语+todoTask:Pleasefindthesubject(主语)andtheobject(宾语)ineachofthethreeunderlinedsentencesabove.1.Iplaytheflutetorelax.2.Istart

swimmingtogetovermyfear.3.Iwent

tothepondtoiceskate.1.Iplaytheflutetorelax.2.Istart

swimming

togetovermyfear.3.Iwent

tothepondtoiceskate.根据句意，判断不定式所表示的动作是由谁来完成的？总结：如果不定式是用来解释______语所做某动作或某件事的目的，那么该不定式就在句中作__________。主目的状语1.TheMonkeyKingasks

hismonkeystogetfruitforbreakfast.2.Istart

swimming

togetovermyfear.对比观察并总结：如果不定式动作的执行者是前面紧挨着的那个名词/代词（宾语）则该不定式充当___________;如果执行者是句子主语(有时没有明确的直接执行者)则该不定式充当___________。宾语补足语目的状语1.PaintinghelpsmetoexpresshowIfeel.2.Idoittorelaxthesedays.3.Nobodyexpectsyoutobeperfectfromthestart.

5.Heencouragesmenottogiveup.6.Idocalligraphytorelax.7.Icanteachyoutoplayasonginreturn.判断下面动词不定式的类型接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)tell;ask;order;allow;encourage;advise;want;wish;expectinvite;choose;wouldlike;…即它们都可以构成短语：v.+sb+todosth.不定式to的省略在几种特定的动词后面，不定式要带上紧箍，“现出原形”，去掉“to”，直接用动词原形。常用动词：see,watch,hear,feel,notice（看见、注视、听见、感觉、注意到）例：Isawhimentertheroom.我看见他进了房间。Weheardhersingasong.我们听见她唱了一首歌。Ifeltthehouseshake.我感觉房子晃动了。规则1：感官动词后（用眼睛、耳朵等感知）记忆口诀：“看听闻感，to不见。”不定式to的省略+sb.+dosth.+doingsth.seewatchhearfeelnotice即可接省略to的动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式作宾补的词（部分）强调动作的全过程，或动作是经常性、习惯性的。强调动作正在进行，侧重动作的瞬间。不定式to的省略规则2：使役动词后（让、叫、使某人做某事）常用动词：let,make,have（让、使、叫）例：Mymomletmegototheparty.我妈妈让我去参加派对。Thefunnymoviemadeuslaugh.那部滑稽的电影让我们大笑。Theteacherhadthestudentscleantheclassroom.老师叫学生们打扫教室。记忆口诀：“让使叫，to丢掉。”不定式to的省略规则3：动词help后（可带可不带）help（帮助）是个特例，后面的不定式可以带to，也可以省略，意思不变。例：Canyouhelpme(to)carrythisbox?你能帮我(搬)这个箱子吗？Shehelpedherbrother(to)dohomework.她帮助她弟弟做作业。记忆口诀：“help是个和事佬，带to不带to都很好。”不定式to的省略一个特殊句式：Hadbetterhadbetter（最好…）这个固定短语后，也用动词原形，不带to。例：Youhadbetterfinishyourworknow.你最好现在完成你的工作。Wehadbetternotbelate.我们最好不要迟到。记忆口诀：“最好（hadbetter）做啥，原形跟上。”动词不定式常用固定句式动词不定式的其他重要知识点It+takes（sb.）+时间（金钱）+todosth.Itis+名词+todosthItis+形容词+forsb.+todosth.Itis+形容词+ofsb.+todosth.注：It均为形式主语，真正的主语是todo

sth.。所以，翻译时，一般均以“做某事”开始。1.It+takes(sb.)+时间+todosth.翻译：我每天花半小时练习书法对。________________________________________________________2.Itis+名词+todosth.翻译：在周末去远足真是个放松的好方法。________________________________________________________3.Itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth.翻译：对初学者来说，学滑雪可能很有挑战性。________________________________________________________4.Itis+形容词+ofsb.+todosth.翻译：你鼓励我继续练习编程，真是太贴心了。________________________________________________________Ittakesmehalfanhourtopracticecalligraphyeveryday.Itisagreatwaytorelaxtogohikingatweekends.Itcanbechallengingforbeginnerstolearnskiing.Itissokindofyoutoencouragemetokeeppracticingprogramming.不定式的固定句式Sb+find/think/feel/consider+it+adj.+todosth（某人）发现/认为/感觉/认为做某事是…的动词不定式的其他重要知识点动词不定式常用固定句式注：It为形式宾语，真正的宾语是todo

sth.。1.翻译：我发现和朋友一起徒步旅行非常愉快。_________________________________________2.翻译：刚开始时，我觉得它很学编程难。___________________________________________________Ifinditveryenjoyabletohikewithfriends.Ithought/founditdifficulttounderstandprogrammingatfirst.动词不定式的其他重要知识点特殊疑问词+todo整体相当于名词性结构，可直接作主语、宾语、表语。1.翻译：我不知道这个周末做什么。_________________________________________2.翻译：最大的挑战是何时开始练习。_________________________________________3.翻译：你能教我如何吹笛子吗？_________________________________________Idon'tknowwhattodothisweekend.Thebiggestchallengeiswhentostartpracticing.Canyouteachmehowtoplaytheflute?动词不定式的其他重要知识点动词后既可以用todo也可以用doing两个开始更喜欢(start/begin/prefer)爱憎分明要继续，

(love/like/hate/continue)后悔停止忘了记，(regret/stop/forget/remember)努力尝试有打算。(try/mean)start/beginstart/begintodostart/begindoingsthpreferprefertodopreferdoingsthlikelike/lovetodolike/lovedoingsth动词不定式的其他重要知识点hatehatetodohatedoingsthcontinuecontinuetodocontinuedoingsth孙悟空六耳猕猴几乎无差别，不区分使用。regretregrettodosth

遗憾要做……(未做)regretdoingsth后悔做过……(已做)stopstoptodosth停下来做……(未做)stopdoingsth停止做……(已做)动词不定式的其他重要知识点Iregrettotellyouthatthehikingtripisover.______(已/未)告诉Iregretplayingvideosgamesfortoolong.______(已/未)玩Pleasestoptalking.______(要/不)说Hestopstodrinksomewater.______(要/不)喝未已不要rememberremembertodosth记得去做……(未做)rememberdoingsth记得做过……(已做)forgetforgettodosth忘记去做……(未做)forgetdoingsth忘记做过……(已做)动词不定式的其他重要知识点Remembertopracticeyourflutetonight.______(已/未)练习Irememberskiingwithfriendslastwinter.______(已/未)滑过Iforgottobringmysketchbook.______(已/未)带Heforgottellingusthegoodnews.______(已/未)说未已未已trytrytodosth

努力做……trydoingsth尝试做……meanmeantodosth打算做……meandoingsth意味着……动词不定式的其他重要知识点Ialwaystrytolearnprogramming.我努力学习编程。Ifyoufeelstressed,trypaintingtorelax.如果你觉得有压力，可以试试画画来放松。Imeantogohikingthisweekend.我这个周末打算去徒步旅行。Learninganewlanguagemeansspendingalotoftime.学习一门新语言意味着你需要投入很多时间。1.A:Thanksforyouradvice!Itmademe__________(decide)totryskiing.B:You'rewelcome.Try_________(forget)yourfearsandhavefun!2.A:Mycousinoftenasksme__________(fly)kiteswithherwhenit'swindy.

B:Thatsoundsfun!I'dlovetowatchyou_________(fly)kitessometime.3.A:Ilovetowatchkungfumovies_________(relax).B:Really?WhenIwant___________(relax),Iwatchanimalvideos.4.A:Myparentstoldme___________(notpush)myselftoohard.B:Yes,it'simportant____________(notforget)torelaxonceinawhile