中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件专题四数词

专题四数词

在英语中,数词是表示数目或顺序的词类,可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词则表示顺序。这一专题要求掌握基数词和序数词的构成和基本用法;熟练掌握年、月、日的表达法和常用数字的表达法。一、基数词的构成1.1~12独立成词,需逐个记忆。2.13~19的基数词以-teen结尾。注意记住thirteen、fifteen、eighteen的正确拼写。3.表示整

“十”的基数词:20~90的基数词都以-ty结尾。注意twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、eighty、ninety的正确拼写。4.21~99的写法是:“十位数+个位数”,中间用连字符号

“-”连接。例如:36→thirty-six,97→ninety-seven。5.101~999的构成是:百位数和十位数之间用and连接;当十位数为0时,百位数和个位数之间也用and连接。例如:255→twohundredandfifty-five,601→sixhundredandone。6.英语中没有

“万”这个单位,一千以上且不到一百万的数字都用thousand表示。例如:6,000→sixthousand;567,842→fivehundredandsixty-seventhousandeighthundredandforty-two。7.1,000,000是amillion;1,000,000,000通常表示为abillion。二、序数词的构成1.序数词多数是由

“基数词+-th”构成。-th一般读作/θ/。例如:six→sixth,seven→seventh。2.以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加-eth,读作/ɪθ/。例如:fifty→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth。3.21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。例如:twenty-one→twenty-first,thirty-two→thirty-second,twohundredandninety-eight→twohundredandninety-eighth。4.少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,要特别注意记忆。例如:one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve→twelfth。5.序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词后面的两个字母构成。例如:first→1st,second→2nd,third→3rd,seventh→7th。6.基数词变序数词口诀。

基数变序数,th来帮助。一、二、三,特殊记,词尾各是t,d,d;八去t,九去e,ve要用f替;整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;要是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。三、年份/年代、日期、时刻的表达法1.年份/年代的表达法:年份要用基数词,通常是每两位一读。例如:1999读作nineteenninety-nine;1990s(20世纪90年代)读作nineteennineties,但亦有例外,如2000读作twothousand,2005可读作twothousandandfive。此外要注意

“在某人……多岁时”的表达法。例如:“在他20/30/70多岁时”为inhistwenties/thirties/seventies。2.日期的表达法:日期要用

“月+日的序数词”表示,有两种读法。例如:7月20日→Julythetwentieth或thetwentiethofJuly;8月23日→Augustthetwenty-third或thetwenty-thirdofAugust。3.时刻的表达法:时刻要用基数词表示。例如:8:35→eightthirty-five。四、分数和小数的表达法1.分数的表达法:分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,当分数的分子大于1时,其分母要用序数词的复数形式。例如:1/3→onethird,4/5→fourfifths。2.表达小数时,小数点读point。例如:0.3→zeropointthree,2.53→twopointfivethree。五、数词短语作定语由数词短语

“基数词-名词-形容词”构成的复合形容词在句中用来修饰名词,充当定语成分,名词必须使用单数形式。例如:Heisonlyaseven-year-oldboy.他只是一个七岁的男孩。此结构有时也可以用

“基数词+名词复数所有格”形式来代替。例如:It’sonlyatwenty-minutewalk.=It’sonlytwentyminutes’walk.走路只需要20分钟。六、another、

more、

other修饰数词的用法1.another表示

“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表示

“另外的;额外的;附加的”时,可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把

“数词+复数名词”看作是一个整体。another位于数词之前。例如:Mr.Smithwillbehereforanotherfewmonths.史密斯先生在这儿还要待几个月。Iwantanothertwobooks.我还要两本书。2.more一般位于数词之后,名词之前,表示

“再……,又……”。此外,more也可以直接放在名词前,表示

“更多的……”。例如:Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?你再来点咖啡吗?Whereshallwebeintwentymoreyears?再过二十年,我们会在什么地方呢?3.other表示

“另外的”,接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在数词之前。例如:Mr.GreenaskedmetofetchthreeotherCDs.格林先生让我再拿三张光盘来。Doyouknowwhereshefoundtheotherfourpictures?你知道她是在哪儿找到另外四张图片的吗?【例1】(

)—

ofthestudentsinourclasshavepassedtheexam.

—Oh,thatmeans20%ofthestudentsshouldworkhard.A.Onefifth

B.Fourfive

C.Fourfifths【解析】本题考查分数的表达。句意:——我们班有五分之四的学生已经通过了考试。——那意味着有20%的学生还需要努力。One

fifth五分之一;Four

five表达错误,不符合分数构成规则;

Four

fifths五分之四。此处指五分之四的学生通过了考试,分子用基数词,分母要用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母要用复数形式。故选C。【例2】(

)—Whenareyougoingonholiday?—I’mnotsure,perhapsthe

weekinJuly.

A.two B.second C.twice【解析】本题考查序数词的表达。句意:——你打算什么时候去度假?——我不确定,大概是七月的第二周。two二;second第二;twice两次。此处指七月的第二周,要用序数词。故选B。【例3】(

)Imaginethatyoutravelbackto

ofyearsagoandbrushyourteethcomfortably.Itsoundsfantastic,doesn’tit?

A.hundred B.ahundred C.hundreds(2023·广东中考改编)【解析】本题考查概数的表达。句意:想象你穿越回几百年前,还能舒舒服服地刷牙。这听起来很神奇,不是吗?hundred百,不与of连用;a

hundred一百,表示确切数量;hundreds与of搭配,表示

“数百”。hundreds

of为固定短语,表示不确切的概数

“数以百计的”。故选C。(

)1.Sixplusfivemakes

.

A.eleven B.thirty C.one(

)2.Itsaysthat

ofthewateraroundtheworld__________

polluted.

A.twothirds;have B.twothirds;is C.twothird;areAB(

)3.—HowoldisMary?—

.Wehadaspecialpartyforher

birthdayyesterday.

A.Twelve;twentieth

B.Twentieth;twentiethC.Twenty;twentiethC(

)4.Cindylikesstampsverymuch.Shehascollectedabouttwo

stampsfromdifferentcountriessofar.

A.hundredsof B.hundred C.hundreds(

)5.Thereare

studentsinourschool.

A.thousandof B.thousands C.thousandsofBC一、语法选择

请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Insomesciencefictionmovies,robotslookandactjustlikehumans.Theyoftenperform

1

jobsevenbetterthanhumansdo.

(

)1.A.them B.their C.theirsB Somescientistsbelievethatrobotswillbedeeplyembedded(使融入）inallaspectsofworkandlifeinthefuture.

2

theyalsoagreeitneedstimetomakeitcometrue.

Withthe

3

developmentofscienceandtechnology,somescientistsbelievethatrobotswillbeabletotalktopeoplelikehumans

4

25to50years.Besides,somemaybeabletodoasmanytasksashumansdobythattime.

(

)2.A.But B.So C.Though(

)3.A.fast B.faster C.thefastest(

)4.A.from B.for C.inAAC Inthenearfuture,robots

5

farmorecommon.Therefore,humanswillhavemuchlessworktodo.Robotsthenwillhavemanydifferent

6

.Somewilllooklikehumans,andothers

7

looklikesnakes.Forexample,after

8

earthquake,asnake-shapedrobotcanhelplookforpeopletrappedunderbuildings.

(

)5.A.become B.willbecome C.became(

)6.A.shape B.shapes C.shapes’(

)7.A.might B.must C.can(

)8.A.a B.an C.theBBAB Suchideasmightsoundhardtobelieve,butmanyoftoday’scommoninventionssuchascomputers,spacerocketsandevenelectrictoothbrushesseemed

9

afewhundredyearsago.Nobodyknowswhattheworldwillbelikeinthefuture.Doyouwant

10

inaworldfilledwithrobots?Letmeknowwhatyouthink.

(

)9.A.impossible B.impossibly C.impossibility(

)10.A.live B.living C.toliveAC

二、短文填空

请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。example

because

attract

in

of

touristfamous thousand

meet it but usualHaveyoubeentotheWestLake?ItisinHangzhouand1..

peoplefromallovertheworld.Itiswell-knownfor2.

naturalbeautyandancientbridges.Amongthem,theBrokenBridgeissaidtobethemost3.

.Everyyear,quitealotof4.

comeheretovisitit—thoughitsnamecanbemisleading(误导的).

The

name“Broken

Bridge”doesn’t

mean

the

bridge

is

actually

broken.

It

got

its

name

5.

it

marked

the

end

of

the

path

that

leads

to

Solitary

Hill,

a

small

hill

close

to

the

West

Lake.

People

have

used

this

name

since

the

Tang

Dynasty

(618-907).

attractsitsfamoustouristsbecause

6.

the

Song

Dynasty

(9