材料力学双语教学学习资料

材料力学双语教学学习资料3正文

第一篇：_材料力学双语教学学习资料3

材料力学双语教学学习资料3

主讲教师：陈晓峰

第七章应力和应变分析强度理论

ChapterSevenStressandStrainprincipalstressesare

notequaItozero.

二向应力状态：一个主应力为零的应力状AnaIysisStrength

Theories

§7-1应力;I犬态概述

§7-1ConceptsoftheStateofStress

1.一点的应力状态：过一\点、有无数的截面，

这一点的各个截面上应力情况的集合，称为这点的应力状态。

stateofstressatapoint:Therearecountlesssections

throughapoint.Thegatheringof

stressesina11sectionsiscalledthestateofstress

atthispoint.

2.单元体：构件内的点的代表物，是包围被研究点的无限小

的几何体，常用的是正六面体。

Element:Delegateofapointinthemember.Itisan

infinitesimaIgeometricbodyenveIopingthestudiedpoint.

Incommonuseitisacorrectitudecubicbody.

3.主单元体：各侧面上剪应力均为零的单元体。

principalelement:Theelementinwhichtheshearing

stressesinsidepIanesareaIIzero.4.主平面：剪应

力为零的截面。

PrincipalPIanes:ThepIanesonwhichtheshearing

stressesarezero.

5.主应力：主平面上的正应力。

principalstresses:NormaIstressesactingonthe

principlepIanes.

6.主应力排列规定；按代数值大小

123Conventionoftheorderforthree

principalstresses:InmagnitudeoftheaIgebraicvaIue.

7.三向应力状态：三个主应力都不为零的应力状态。

stateofthetriaxialstress(threedimensionalstate

ofstress):StateofstressthataIIthethree

7

太

o

stateofthebiaxialstress(planestateofstress):

stateofstressthatoneprincipalstressisequaIto

zero.

单向应力状态：一个主应力不为零的应力状态

stateoftheuniaxialstress(unidirectionaIstateof

stress):stateofstressthatoneprincipalstressis

notequaItozero.

§7-2二向应力状态分析——解析法§7-2Analysisof

theStateofPlaneStress-

AnalyticalMethod

1.任意斜截面上的应力：stressesactingin

arbitraryinclinedpIane

2,正负规定：截面外法线同向为正；

绕研究对象顺时针转为正；

逆时针为正。

SignStipuIate:ispositiveifitsdirectionisthe

samewithoneoftheexternaInormaIIineofthesection;

ispositiveifitmaketheeIementrotateclockwise;

A

(1)屈服(2)断裂：typesoffaiIureofmaterials:(1)

yield(2)rupture

2.强度理论：是关于“构件发生强度失效起因”的假说。

theoriesofstrength:someassumptionsaboutthecause

ofthestrengthfaiIureofmateriaIs.

§7-11四种常用强度理论

§7-11FourCommonUsedStrengthTheories1.最大拉应

力（第一强度）理论：

认为构件的断裂是由最大拉应力引起的。当最大拉应力达到

单向拉伸的强度极限时，构件就断了。

theoryofthemaximumtensiIestress（thefirststrength

theory）:

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofrupturetobe

themaximumtensiIestress.ThememberwiIIruptureas

themaximumtensiIestressreachesthestrengthlimit

inaxialtension.2.最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论：

认为构件的断裂是由最大伸长线应变引起的。当最大伸长线

应变达到单向拉伸试脸下的极限应变时，构件就断了

TheoryofthemaximumtensiIestrain(thesecondstrength

theory):

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofrupturetobe

themaximumtensiIestrain.ThememberwiIIruptureas

themaximumtensiIestrainreachestheIimitstrainin

axialtension3.最大剪应力(第三强度)理论：

认为构件的屈服是由最大剪应力引起的。当最大剪应力达到

单向拉伸试验的极限剪应力时，构件就破坏了。

Theoryofthemaximumshearingstress(thethirdstrength

theory):

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofrupturetobe

themaximumshearingstress.ThememberwiIIruptureas

themaximumshearingstressreachesthelimitshearing

stressinaxialtension.4.畸变能密度(第四强度)理论：

认为构件的屈服是由形状改变比能引起的。当形状改变比能

达到单向拉伸试验屈服时的形状改变比能时，构件就破坏了。

TheoryofthedistortionaIenergydensity(thefourth

strengththeory):

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofyieldtobethe

distortionaIstrainenergy.ThememberwiIIruptureas

thedistort!onaIstrainenergyreachesthedistortionaI

strainenergyofyieldinaxialtension

5.相当应力：equivalentstress6.断裂准则：criterionof

rupture屈服准则：criterionofyield

第八章组合变形

ChapterEightCompositeDeformation

§8-1组合变形和叠加原理§8-1CompositeDeformation

and

SuperpositionPrinciple

1.叠力口原理的步骤：

Thestepsforprincipleofsuperposition

①外力分析：外力向形心简化并沿形心主惯性轴分解

AnaIysisofexternaIforces:ExternaIforcesarereduced

alongthecentroidofsectionandresoIvedalong

principalaxesofinertia.

②内力分析：求每个外力分量对应的内力方程和内力图，确

定危险面。

AnalysisofinternaIforces:DeterminetheinternaI

forceequationanditsdiagramcorrespondingtoeach

externaIforcecomponentandthecriticalsection.

③应力分析：画危险面应力分布图，叠加，建立危险点的强

度条件。Analysisofstresses:Plotthedistribution

diagramofthestressinthecriticalsection,dothe

superpositionofthestressesandestabIishthestrength

conditionofthecriticalpoint.

平均应力。

Criticalstress:averagestressinthecrosssection

§8-2拉伸(或压缩)与弯曲的组合

ofthecompressivecoIumninthecritical

state.§8-2CompositeDeformationofTension

(orCompression)andBending2.柔度(或长细比)：

flexibiIity

(orsIendernessratio)§8-4扭转与弯曲的组合

§8-4CombinationofTorsionandBending大柔度杆的临

界应力由欧拉公式来求；小柔度杆的临界应力就是它的屈服

极限；中柔度

杆的临界应力由经验公式来求第九章压杆稳定

ThecriticalstressoftheIargeflexibiIitycoIumn

ChapterNineStabiIization

iscaIcuIatedbyEuler'sformula,ofCompressive

CoIumns

ThecriticalstressofsmaIIflexibiIitycoIumnis

itsyieldIimit.§9-1压杆稳定性的概念

ThecriticalstressofthemiddleflexibiIity§9-1

ConceptsofStabiIityof

coIumnmaybedeterminedbytheempiricaICompressed

CoIumns

formuIa.1.失稳：IossofstabiIity

2.稳定与不稳定平衡：

stableandinstabIeequiIibrium§9-5压杆的稳定校核

3.临界压力:criticalpressure§9-5StabiIityCheckof

CompressedColumnl.稳定安全因数：safetycoefficientof

stabiIity§9-2两端较支细长压杆的临界压力2.稳定条

件:stabiIitycondition§9-2CriticalPressureofThe

SIenderCompressedCoIumnWithTwoHingedEnds§9-6

提高压杆稳定性的措施1.欧拉公式：EuIer'sformuIa

§9-6MethodtoImproveStabiIityof2.理想压杆：材

料绝对理想；轴线绝对直；压Co叩ressedColumn力绝对沿

轴线作用。1.选择合理的截面形状：choosereasonabIe

IdeaIcompressivecolumn:themateriaIissectionofthe

column:absolutelyideal;theaxisis2.改变压杆的约束

条件：changeconstraint

conditionofthecoIumnabsolutelystraight;the

compressiveforceis

absoIuteIyalongtheaxisofthecoIumn.3.合理选择材

料：choosereasonabIemateriaI.

§9-3其它支座条件下细长压杆的临界压力第十章动载荷

§9-3CriticalPressureofTheSlenderCompressed

ChapterTenDynamicLoad

CoIumnWithOtherEndConditions

§10-1楼述1.长度系数（约束系数）：length

coefficient

（orconstraintcoefficient）§10-1Introduction

2.两端较支：twohingedends1.静载荷：staticloads

Theloadsdon'tchangewithtime（orchange3.一^席固

定另端自由：

onefixedendandonefreeendverystabIyandslowly）

andacceIerationofeach

memberiszeroormaybenegIected4.两端固定：twofixed

ends

5.一端固定另端较支:2.动载荷：dynamicloadsonefixedend

andonehingedendTheIoadschangesharpIywithtime

andthevelocityofthememberchangesobviously

§9-4欧拉公式的适用范围经脸公式

§9-4AppIicationRangeofEuler'sFormuIa§9-2动

静法的应用EmpiricaIFormuIa§9-2AppIicationofThe

Methodof1.临界应力：压杆处于临界状态时横截面上的

KineticStatics

1.惯性力:inertiaforce

2.动荷系数：dynamicloadcoefficient

3.达朗伯原理：处于不平衡状态的物体，存在惯性力，惯性

力的方向与加速度方向相反，惯性力的数值等于加速度与质

量的乘积。只要在物体上加上惯性力，就可以把动力学问题

在形式上作为静力学问题来处理，这就是动静法。

D'Alembert?sprinciple:ThereisinertiaIforceonthe

bodyinunequiIibrium.ThedirectionoftheinertiaI

forceisoppositetotheacceIerationofthebodyand

themagnitudeoftheinertiaIforceistheproductof

themassandtheaccelerationofthebody.Afterthe

inertiaIforceisappIiedonthebodythedynamicprobIem

maybedeaItwiththestaticprobleminform,whichis

calledthemethodofkineticstatics.

Exercise1:Thestateofstressatapointasshown.

(unit:Mpa),trytodeterminethethreeprincipal

stresses,(eitherbyanalyticalmethodorbygraphical

method).Andcomputethe

equivalentstressofthefourthstrengththeory.

Exercise4:AhoIIowcircuIarshaftisshowninthefigure.

Itsinsidediameterisd=24mmanditsoutsidediameter

isD=30mm.ThediametersofpulleyBandDare

respectiveIyD1=400mmandD2=600mm,P1=600N,[]=100MPa.

Trytocheckthestrengthoftheshaftwiththethird

strengththeory.

Exercise5:Acompressedrodproducesthebending

deformationduetotheIossofstabiIity.Abeamproduces

thebendingdeformationduetotheactionoftransverse

forces.Whatarethedifferencesofthetwoinnature?

Exercise2:AcircuIarrodmadeofcastironissubjected

totheIoadsT=7kNm,P=50kNasshowninthefigure.Its

diameterisd=0.1m,[]=40MPa.Trytocheckthe

strengthoftherodaccordingtothetheoryofthefirst

strength.

Exercise3:Thecross-sectionareaofthe

square-sectionrodisreducedhaIfatthesectionmn.

TrytodeterminethemaximumtensiIestressatthe

sectionmnduetotheaxialforceP.

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第三篇：双语教学辅助资料

《免疫学导论》（于善谦等编，高等教育出版社）

双语教学辅助资料

AuxiIiaryMateriaIofBiIinguaITeaching

forIntroductiontoImmunoIogy

蚌埠医学院免凌学教研室

DepartmentofImmunology,BengbuMedicalCoIIege

Feb.toJun.20XX

CONTENTS

CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION1-1Originationand

deveIopmentofImmunoIogy1-2EssentiaIpointsof

conceptsofimmunoIogy

CHATPTERTWOANTIGEN2-1Basicconceptandtypesof

antigen2-2Themolecularbaseofantigen2-3The

immunologicalfeaturesofantigen2-4Invasiveand

infectiousantigens

CHAPTERTHREEANTIBODIES3-1Structuresandclassesof

immunoglobulins3-2Thegeneofimmunoglobulins3-3

Synthesisandsecretionofimmunoglobulins

CHAPTERFOURCOMPLEMENTSYSTEM

4-1Compositionandphysiochemicalpropertiesof

compIementsystem4-2CompIementactivation4-3The

controIofcompIementreactionandbiologicaleffectof

compIements4-4BiosynthesisofcompIementand

compIementdeficiency

CHAPTERFIVECELLS,TISSUESANDORGANSOFIMMUNESYSTEM

5-1ThestructureandfunctionoforgansandIymphoid

tissueandorgans5-2Thecellsinimmunesystem

CHAPTERSIXMAJORHISTOCOMPATIBILITYCOMPLEX

6-1StructureandfunctionofmajorhistocompatibiIity

antigen6-2Genestructureandgeneticsofmajor

histocompatibiItycompIex6-3ThePrincipleand

applicationofdetectionforMHC

CHAPTERSEVENANTIGEN-ANTIBODYREACTIONANDITS

APPLICATION7-1Antibodypreparations

7-2Theprincipleofantigen-antibodyreaction7-3

Commontechniquesinimmuno-analysis

CHAPTEREITHTCELLMEDIATEDIMMUNERESPONSE

8-1Basicconceptforimmuneresponse8-2Thebasic

processofimmuneresponse,8-3CeIIapoptosisand

immunity

CHAPTERNINEIMMUNEREGULATION9-1Theregulationof

antigenandantibodyinthe

immuneresponse

9-2ThereguIatoryeffectofimmunecellsin

immuneresponse

9~3InterIeukinsandImmunereguIation9-4Immune

toIerance

CHAPTERTENHYPERSENSITIVITY10-1TypeI

Hypersensitivity

10-2TypeIIHypersensitivity(Cytotoxic

Hypersensitivity)

10-3TypeIIIHypersensitivity(ImmunecompIex

hypersensitivity)

10-4TypeIVHypersensitivity(DelayedType

Hypersensitivity)

CHAPTERELEVENABNORMALIMMUNE

RESPONSES

11-1Autoimmuneresponse11-2Transplantation

ImmunoIogy11-3Anti-tumorImmunology11_4Immunologic

deficiency

CHAPTERTWELVETHEEVOLUTIONOF

IMMUNESYSTEM

12~1Theimmunityofinvertebrateanimals12-2The

immuneevolutionofvertebrateanimalsCHAPTERONE

INTRODUCTION(绪言)

1-1

OriginationanddeveIopmentof1-2

EssentiaIpointsofconceptsofImmunologyimmunology

1~1~1Infectionandimmunityof1-2-1Innateimmunity

andacquireddiseasesimmunity

1-1-2FoundationanddeveIopmentof1-2-2Immune

responsethediscipIineofImmunology1-2-3ImmunoIogy

andpractically1-1-3Recentdevelopmentof

applicationsImmunology1-2-4BranchesofImmunology

andtheirdevelopment

Theterm"IMMUNITY”,originally,andmightstillbe

consideredbypeopIe,meanstheabilityofhostto

resistancetoinfectiousdisease.However,themodern

conceptofimmunityisconferringthehostthespecific

functiontorecognizeandneutraIizeand/oreliminate

foreignmateriaIsorsubstances(biologicalor

non-bioIogicaI,andevensometimeseIftissue

components)tomaintainthehomeostasisofhostinternaI

environment.

ImmunityincIudesinnateimmunityandacquiredimmunity,

theformerisinherent,veryquick,andnon-specific

respondtoinvasivepathogens;whereastheIatteris

acquiredandadaptedafterbirthofhost,andinduced

specificrespondtoforeignmateriaI(infectiousor

noninfectious).

TheImmunoIogyisastudytofocusingonhowofhostto

recognitionofselfandnon-seIf,andhowoftheresponse

toforeignmaterial(Antigen)and

1-1OriginationanddeveIopmentofImmunoIogy1-1-1

InfectionofandimmunitytodiseasesFetaIepidemic

disease,smaIIpox(variola),deadratebysmaIIpox

30-40%;kiIIedmiIIionsofpeoplesinthisglobebefore

nineteenthcentury.FromSongDynastyChinesedoctor

investedatechniquecalledvariolation(人痘接种法)to

preventchiIdrenfromsmaIIpox

1798,anyoungdoctorinEngland,Jenner,createdanew

method,vaccination(牛痘接种法),topreventthe

chiIdrenfromsmaIIpox,andfinally,byusingthisvery

effectivetechnique,thesmaIIpox,afataIepidemic

diseasehasbeeneIiminatedintheworId,statedbythe

WHOin1979.

orbiIitysmaIIpox,measIes(,thypho,cholera(伤寒)，

anthrax鼠疫鼠疫,疟疾malaria1-1-2Foundationand

developmentofthediscipIineofImmunoIogy

(1)1.Foundationofimmunology

(1)LouisPasteur,wasafamousbiochemistinFrancein

19thcentury,contributedhisIotsofeffortto

immunizationtopreventanimalandhumanfromseveraI

seriousdiseases(cholera霍舌I,anthrax炭疽，rabies(彳王

犬病)--vaccination----activeimmunization

(2).DeveIopmentofexperimentalimmunoIogy

1-1-3RecentdeveIopmentofImmunoIogy(1).HumoraI

immunoIogy,

(2).CelIuIarimmunology

1-2EssentiaIpointsofconceptsofimmunology1-2-1

Innateimmunityandacquiredimmunity

1-2-2immuneresponse

1-2-3ImmunoIogyandpracticallyapplications

1-2-4BranchesofImmunologyandtheirdevelopment

Basicconceptordefinitionfortheterm“IMMUNITY”，

originalIy,andusuaIIystillbeconsideredbycommon

peopIe,meanstheabilityofhosttoresistanceto

infectiousdisease.However,atpresent,themodern

conceptofimmunity,isconferringthehostspecific

functionstorecognizeandfinalneutraIizeand/or

eIiminateforeignmaterialsorsubstances(biological

ornon-bioIogicaI,andevensometimeseIf)tomaintain

thehomeostasisofhostinternaIenvironment.

ImmunityincIudeinnateimmunityandacquiredimmunity,

theformerisinherent,veryquick,andnon-specific

respondtoinvasivepathogens;whereastheIatteris

acquiredandadaptedafterbirthofhost,andinduced

specificrespondtoforeignmaterial(infectiousor

noninfectious).

TheImmunologyisastudytofocusingonhowofhostto

recognitionofselfandnon-seI千，andhowoftheresponse

toforeignmateriaI(Antigen)and

1-1OriginationanddeveIopmentofImmunoIogy1-1-1

Infectionofandimmunitytodiseases

FetaIepidemicdisease,smaIIpox(varioIa),deadrate

bysmaIIpox30-40%;FromSongDynastyChinesedoctor

investedatechniquecalledvariolation(人痘接种法)to

preventchiIdrenfromsmaIIpox

1798,anyoungdoctorinEngland,Jenner,createdanew

method,vaccination(牛痘接种法),topreventthe

chiIdrenfromsmaIIpox,andfinally,byusingthisvery

effectivetechnique,thesmaIIpox,afataIepidemic

diseasehasbeeneliminatedintheworId,statedbythe

WHOin1979.

orbiIitysmaIIpox,measles（,thypho,cholera（伤寒）

霍乱，anthrax炭疽鼠疫鼠疫，疟疾malaria

1-1-2Foundationanddevelopmentofthedisciplineof

ImmunoIogy

1-1-3RecentdevelopmentofImmunology

1-2EssentiaIpointsofconceptsofimmunology1-2-1

Innateimmunityandacquiredimmunity

1-2-2immuneresponse

1-2-3ImmunologyandpracticallyappIications

1-2-4BranchesofImmunologyandtheirdevelopment

CHATPTERTWOANTIGEN（抗原）

2-1Basicconceptandtypesofantigen2-1-1antigenand

immunogen2-1-2cIasses/typesofantigen

2-2ThemoIecuIarbaseofantigen2-2-1chemicaI

featuresofantigen2-2-2antigendeterminants

2-3Theimmunologicalfeaturesofantigen2-3-1The

exogenicityofantigen2-3-2Therelationof

immunogenecity

2-1Basicconceptandtypesofantigen2-1-1antigenand

immunogen

2-1-2cIasses/typesofantigen

2~2ThemoIecuIarbaseofantigen2-2-1chemicaI

featuresofantigen

2-2-2antigendeterminants

toindividualandimmunizationmanner

2~3-3Thespecificityofantigenand

immuno-predominanceofantigen

2-3-4Theimmunologicfeatureof

hapten

2-4Invasiveandinfectiousantigens2-4-1Bacteria

2-4-2Fungi2-4-3virus

2-3Theimmunologicalfeaturesofantigen2-3-1The

exogenicityofantigen

2-3-2Therelationofimmunogenecitytoindividualand

immunizationmanner

2-3-3Thespecificityofantigenand

immuno-predominanceofantigen

2~3~4Theimmunologicfeatureofhapten

2-4Invasiveandinfectiousantigens2-4-1Bacteria

2-4-2Fungi

2-4-3VirusCHAPTERTHREEANTIBODIES（抗体）

3~1StructuresandcIassesofImmunogIobuIins3-1-1The

basicstructureofantibodies3-1-2Classesandtypes

ofimmunogIobuIins3-2ThegeneofimmunogIobuIins3-2T

ThegenestructuresofimmunogIobuIins3-2-2

Rearrangementandexpression

ofimmunogIobuIingenes

3-2-3Thediversityof

immunogIobuIingenes

3~3Synthesisandsecretionof

immunogIobuIin

3-3-1HumoraIimmuneresponseand

theproductionofantibodies

3-3-2Expression,assembIeand

secretionofimmunogIobuIin3-1StructuresandcIasses

ofImmunogIobuIins3-1-1Thebasicstructureof

antibodies

3-1-2Classesandtypesofimmunoglobulins

3-2Thegeneofimmunoglobulins3-2-1Thegene

structuresofimmunoglobulins

3-2-2Rearrangementandexpressionofimmunoglobulin

genes

3-2-3Thediversityofimmunoglobulingenes

3~3SynthesisandsecretionofimmunogIobuIin3-3-1

HumoraIimmuneresponseandtheproductionofantibodies

3-3-2Expression,assembleandsecretionof

immunoglobulinCHAPTERFOURCOMPLEMENTSYSTEM（补体系

统）

4-1Compositionandphysiochemicalpropertiesof

compIementsystem4-1-1NomencIatureofcompIement

components4-1-2Thephysiochemicalpropertiesof

compIementcomponents4-2

CompIementactivation4-2-1TheClassicaIpathwayof

compIementactivation4-2-2TheIectinpathwayof

compIementactivation4-2-3TheaIternativepathwayof

compIementactivation.4-2-4MembranelysingcompIex

formationinlatephaseofcomplementactivation4-2-5

Comparisonofthreepathways

incompIementactivation

4~3ThecontroIofcompIement

reactionandbiologicaleffectofcompIements

4-3-1Regulatingproteinof

compIementactivationinserum

4-3-2ReguIateproteinonthesurface

ofceIImembrane

4-3-3CompIementreceptors4-3-4Thebiological

functionof

compIementprotein

4-4

BiosynthesisofcompIementand

compIementdeficiency

4-4-1ThegeneofcompIements

4-4-2ThebiosynthesisofcompIement4-4-3CompIement

deficiencyand

compIementdeficientdiseases4-1Compositionand

physiochemicalpropertiesofcomplementsystem4-1-1

NomenclatureofcompIementcomponents

4-1-2ThephysiochemicaIpropertiesofcompIement

components

4-2CompIementactivation

4-2-1TheCIassicaIpathwayofcompIementactivation

4-2-2TheIectinpathwayofcompIementactivation

4-2-3ThealternativepathwayofcompIementactivation.

4-2-4MembranelysingcompIexformationinIatephase

ofcompIementactivation

4-2-5ComparisonofthreepathwaysincompIement

activation

4-3ThecontrolofcompIementreactionandbiological

effectofcomplements

4-3-1RegulatingproteinofcompIementactivationin

serum

4-3-2ReguIateproteinonthesurfaceofceIImembrane

4-3-3CompIementreceptors

4-3-4ThebiologicalfunctionofcompIementprotein

4-4BiosynthesisofcompIementandcompIement

deficiency4-4-1Thegeneofcomplements

4~4~2ThebiosynthesisofcompIement

4-4-3CompIementdeficiencyandcompIementdeficient

diseases

CHAPTERFIVECELLS,TISSUESANDORGANSOFIMMUNESYSTEM

（免疫系统的细胞、组织和器官）

5~1Thestructureandfunctionsoforgansandlymphoid

tissueandorgans5-1-1Thecompositionandfunctionof

primarylymphoidtissuesandorgans5-1-2The

compositionandfunctionofsecondaryIymphoidtissues

andorgans5-1-3Lymphocytere-circulation

5-2

Thecellsinimmunesystem5-2-1Bcells5-2-2Tcells

5-2-3NaturaIkillercellsandnaturaI

suppressorceIs

5-2-4phagocytes,granulocytesand

mastcells

5-2-5Langerhanscellsanddendritic

cells

5-1ThestructureandfunctionoforgansandIymphoid

tissueandorgans5TTThecompositionandfunctionof

primarylymphoidtissuesandorgans

5-1~2Thecompositionandfunctionofsecondarylymphoid

tissuesandorgans

5-1-3Lymphocytere-circulation

5-2Thecellsinimmunesystem

5-2_1Bcells

5-2-2Tcells

5-2~3NaturaIkiIlercellsandnaturaIsuppressorcells

5-2-4phagocytes,granulocytesandmastcells

5-2-5Langerhanscellsanddendriticcells

CHAPTERSIXMAJORHISTOCOMPATIBILITYCOMPLEX

(主要组织相容性复合体)

6-1StructureandfunctionofmajorhistocompatibiIity

antigen6-1-1ClassImajorhistocompatibiIitycompIex

(MHC-1)moIecuIes6-1-2CIassIImajor

histocompatibiIitycompIex(MHC-1I)molecuIes6-1-3The

structuraIbaseofcombinationofpeptideandMHC

moIecuIe

6-2Genestructureandgeneticsofmajor

histocompatibiIitycomplex6-2-1Inheritanceand

polymorphismofMHC6-2-2Thegenestructureofmouse

MHC(H-2)

6-2-3Thegenestructureofhuman

MHC(HLAcompIex)

6-2-4DiscoveryandnomencIatureof

HLA

6-3ThePrincipleandapplicationof

detectionforMHC

6-3-1DetectionofClassIHLA

antigen

6-3-2DetectionofClassIIHLA

antigen

6-3-3PhenotypingofHLAgene6-3-4Applicationsof

detectionof

HLA

6-1StructureandfunctionofmajorhistocompatibiIity

antigen6-1-1ClassImajorhistocompatibiIitycompIex

(MHC-1)moIecuIes

6-1-2ClassIImajorhistocompatibiIitycompIex(MHC-1I)

moIecuIes

6-1-3ThestructuraIbaseofcombinationofpeptideand

MHCmolecule

6-2Genestructureandgeneticsofmajor

histocompatibiIitycomplex6-2-1Inheritanceand

polymorphismofMHC

6-2-2ThegenestructureofmouseMHC(H-2)

6-2-3ThegenestructureofhumanMHC(HLAcomplex)

6~2~4DiscoveryandnomencIatureo