临床八年制生物化学(二)双语课程教案

TheEnglish-ChineseBilingualTeachingandLearningOutlineofBiochemistryⅡ(EnglishVersion)

ChapteroneNucleotideandNucleicacids

Propose:

Graspofthenucleotidestructure,includingthecomponentofthenucleotideandthechemicalbondslinkingthecomponents,andthenamesandabbreviationsofbases,nucleosidesandnucleotides.

ProfoundgraspofthekeyknowledgeofthestructureandfunctionofDNAandRNA.

Familiaritywiththephysio-chemicalpropertiesofDNAandtherelationbetweenthesepropertiesandtheDNAstructure.

ToknowthetechniqueofisolationandpurificationofnucleicacidsandDNAsequencing.

Contents:

Generalconceptsofnucleicacids.

Nucleotidesarethebuildingblocksofnucleicacids.

Nucleotideiscomposedofbase,pentose,andphosphate.

The3’,5’phosphodiesterbondlinksnucleotides,manynucleotidesarelinkedbythe3’,5’phosphodiesterbondtoformnucleicacids.

NucleicacidsaredividedintoDNAandRNA.

Otherfunctionsofthenucleotides.

thethreedimensionedstructureofDNA

DoublehelixstructureisthesecondarystructureofDNA.

ThedoublehelixDNAmodelputforthbyWastonandCrick.

ThefeaturesofdoublehelixDNA.

A-DNAandZ-DNA.

TriplestrandDNA.

SupercoilsofDNA

ProkaryoticcircularsupercoiledDNA.

EukaryoticmtDNAandctDNA.

Topoisomerases.

Eukaryoticchromosome

Nucleosome.

Fromchromosometochromatinandchromosome.

DNAisthegeneticmaterial

Avery’sexperiment.

Thegenome.

Euchromatinandheterochromatin.

StructureandfunctionsofRNA

FourmainkindsofRNA

mRNA:structureandfunction.

tRNA:structureandfunction.

rRNA:structureandfunction.

OthersmallRNAs.

Physico-chemicalpropertiesofnucleicacids

Hydrolysis.

UVabsorbance.

Denaturation,renaturation,andhybridization.

5.Nuclease

(1)Ribonuclease.

(2)Dexoyribonuclease.

6.TechniquesofisolationandpurificationofnucleicacidsandDNAsequencing.

(1)Methodsofisolationandpurificationofnuceicacids.

(2)DNAsequencing.

ChaptertwoNucleotidemetabolism

Purpose

Toknowdigestionandabsorptionofnucleicacidsandanabolismpathwayofnucleicacidsinthehumanbody.

Profoundgraspoftherawmaterialofpurineandpyrimidinesynthesis,theendproductsofpurineandpyrimidinebreakdown.

Graspoftheformationofdeoxynucleotidefromribonucleotide.

Toknowthefunctionofantimetabolites.

Contents

Nucleotidefunctions.

Anabolismandcatabolismofpurine.

Anabolismandcatabolismofpyrimidine.

Fromribonucleotidestodeoxynucleotide.

antimetabolites.

ChapterThreeDNAbiosynthesisandDNAdamagerepair

Purpose

Familiaritywiththecentraldogma.

GraspDNAreplicationandreversetranscription.

ToknowDNAdamagerepairsystems.

Contents

GeneralfeatureofDNAreplication.

Semiconservative.

Bidirectional.

Replicationfork

Semidiscontinuous

TheOri.

Theprimer

EnzymesparticipatinginDNAreplication.

FeaturesofDNApolymerase.

Thesubstrates.

Theactivecenter.

Theenzymeactivation.

DNAreplicationinE.coli.

DNAreplicationinitiation.

Chainelongation.

Replicationtermination.

EukaryoticDNAreplication.

EukaryoticDNApolymerase.

ProcessofDNAreplication.

Telomeraseandtelomere.

DNAdamage.

CausesofDNAdamage.

Mismatchrepairsystem.

OtherDNArepairsystems.

Reversetranscription.

DevelopmentofthecentraldogmaputforthbyCrick.

Retrovirusandreversetranscription.

ChapterFourRNAbiosynthesisandpost-transcriptionalprocessing

Purpose

GraspoftheconceptofRNAbiosynthesis.

Graspthefeatureoftranscriptionandpost-transcriptionalprocessingofpre-mRNApre-tRNAofpre-rRNA.

Familiaritywithribozymeandself-splicing.

ToknowRNAreplicase.

Contents

DNAdependentRNAsynthesis.

RNApolymerases.

ProkaryoticRNApolymerase.

EukaryoticRNApolymerase.

Transcriptionalinitiation.

Prokaryotictranscriptionalinitiation.

Eukaryotictranscriptionalinitiation.

Transcriptionaltermination.

Pre-RNAprocessing.

Eukaryoticpre-mRNAprocessing.

5’endcapping.

3’endpolyadenylation.

Splicing.

Pre-rRNAandpre-tRNAprocessing.

mRNAedition.

RNAdependentRNAsynthesis.

ChapterFiveProteinbiosynthesis,foldingandprocessing

Purpose

Graspofthefeaturesofthegeneticcode.

FamiliaritywiththestructureandfunctionofmRNA,tRNA,andrRNA.

Grasptheprocessofproteinsynthesisinprokaryotes.

Familiaritywiththeprocessofproteinbiosynthesisineukaryotes.

Toknowproteinfolding,andclinicalrelativesinproteinsynthesis.

Contents

Theproteinbiosynthesissystem.

mRNA,thetemplate.

Thegeneticcode.

tRNA,theadapter.

Ribosome,andrRNAs.

Thefivestagesofproteinbiosynthesis.

Activationofaminoacids.

Translationinitiation.

Translationelongation.

Translationtermination.

Proteinfoldingandpost-translationalprocessing.

Clinicalrelationsinproteinsynthesis.

Antibioticsandproteinsynthesis.

Diphtheriaandproteinsynthesis.

Interferonandproteinsynthesis.

ChapterSixRegulationofgeneexpressioninprokaryotes

Purpose

Graspofthebasicprincipleofregulationofprokaryoticgeneexpression.

Graspoftheconceptofoperonandfamiliaritywithlacoperon.

ToknowotherimportantE.colioperonsandregulationofgeneexpressioninphageλ.

Toknowtranslationalregulationinprokaryotes.

Contents

Basicprincipleofregardlessofgeneexpression.

Thecommonfeatureofgeneexpressionisbothprokaryotesandeukaryotes.

Regulationoftranscriptionalinitiationisthekeystepinregulationofgeneexpression.

Inductionandrepressionarethebasicmodelsofprokaryoticgeneexpression.

Bacterialoperons.

Conceptofoperon.

Lacoperon.

Otherimportantoperons.

Regulationofgeneexpressioninphageλ.

Thelifecycleofphageλ.

Regulationofgeneexpressioninlysogenandlysispathway.

Translationalregulationinprokaryotes.

Attenuation.

Regulon.

CoordinatesynthesisofribosomalproteinsandrRNA.

mRNAstability.

ChapterSevenRegulationofgeneexpressionineukaryotes

Purpose

Familiaritywithregulationoftranscriptionalinitiationineukaryotes.

Graspofthestructureandfunctionofthetranscriptionfactors.

Toknowpost-translationalregulationofgeneexpression.

FamiliaritywithRNAi.

Toknowtranslationalregulation.

Contents

Regulationoftranscriptionalinitiation.

Eukaryoticpromoter.

Transcriptionfactors.

Molecularmechanismoftranscriptionalinitiation.

Post-transcriptionalregulation.

5’endcappingand3’endpolyadenylationofmRNA.

Splicing.

mRNAedition.

mRNAtransportingfromnucleustocytoplasm.

RNAi.

Translationalregulation.

eIFs.

5’and3’UTRbindingprotein.

Translationalinitiationsites.

ChapterEightRecombinantDNAtechnology

Purpose

GraspofconceptsofrecombinantDNAandrecombinantDNAtechnology.

FamiliaritywiththebasicprinciplesofrecombinantDNAtechnology.

ToknowtherelationbetweenrecombinantDNAtechnologyandmedicine.

Contents

IntroductiontorecombinantDNAtechnology

Molecularcloning.

DNAmanipulation.

Moleculartools.

Toolenzymes.

Vectors.

Hostcells.

DNAcloning.

ProcessofDNAcloning.

ApplicationofDNAcloning.

AnalysisofclonedDNA.

REmapping.

DNAsequencing.

BioinformaticsinDNAcloning.

Molecularhybridization.

ApplicationofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinbiologyandmedicine.

Toproducebioactiveproteins.

Togetsite-specificmutation.

RNAi.

Transgenicanimalsandgeneknockout.

Genediagnosisandgenetherapy.

ChapterNineSignaltransducerandcellularsignaltransduction

Purpose

Graspofconceptofcellularsignaltransduction.

Familiaritywithtypesofsignaltransducersandsecondarymessengers.

Toknowthebasicstructureofcellularsignaltransductionnetwork.

Familiaritywithgene