Unit1LaughoutLoud!UsinglanguageGrammar课件-高二英语外研版选择性

Unit1Laughoutloud!UsinglanguageNon-definingattributiveclauses❶Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Whatdo“where”,“which”and“when”refertoineachsentence?❶Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Sentence(c)containsaclausewithessentialinformation.Ifwetakeawaytheclauseofsentence(c),themeaningofitisincomplete.

sentences(a)and(b)containclauseswithextrainformation.Ifwetakeawaytheclausesofsentences(a)and(b),thetwosentencesstillmakesense.Whichsentencescontainaclausewithessentialinformationandwhichwithextrainformation?Ifyoutakeawaytheclauses,dothesentencesstillmakesense?❶Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Whichclausesareseparatedbyacomma,theoneswithessentialinformationortheoneswithextrainformation?Sentences(a)and(b)withextrainformationareseparatedbycommas.Nowlookformoresentenceswithnon-definingattributiveclausesinthereadingpassage,andsummarisetheirusesinyourownwords.Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,allof

whichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.Ispeakwiththeon-dutynurse,whotellsmethatLara’sparentsrushedhertothehospitalaftershefelloffherbicycle.Wehavetobeverysensitiveandworkcloselywiththedoctorsandnurses,whokeepusupdatedoneachpatient.Allofthethreesentencesstillmakesenseifwetakeawaytheirclauses.Grammar:Non-definingattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句

Iliketheboy.Iliketheboywhoiscleaningtheroom.IlikeJohn,whoiscleaningtheroom.限制性定语从句,修饰限制先行词,翻译为“的”非限制性定语从句,补充说明主句,翻译时另起一句Grammar:Non-definingattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句

1.形式和功能不同限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，如果把从句去掉,句意会发生变化，甚至不能成立；MysisterwhoworksinShanghai

sendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.（既然需要限定，说明我的姐姐很多，除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去后从句表意不明。）非限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间用逗号隔开，省略从句对句意没有太大影响。Mysister,whoworksinShanghai,

sendsmean

emailalmosteveryday.（既然不需要限定，说明我只有一个姐姐，删去从句后句意依然明确。）Grammar:Non-definingattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句

2.翻译不同一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前；Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.

他就是汽车被窃的那个人。非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。I’veinvitedMary,wholivesinthenextflat.

我邀请了Mary，她就住在隔壁。Grammar:Non-definingattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句

3.先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词；Hewholaughslast,laughsbest.

非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,

retiredlastyear.Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuchbetter.先行词是代词先行词是名词先行词是句子限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性非限制性形式上不用逗号用逗号意义上去掉后主句意思不完整去掉后主句意思完整作用修饰限制补充说明先行词词(n/pron)/短语词/短语/整个主句关系词关系代词作宾时可省whom作宾时可用who代不用that,why引导所有关系代词均不可省翻译先译从句再译先行词，……的……先译先行词后译从句，形成两个分句指人指物

所属限制性who,whom,thatwhich,that,aswhose非限制性who,whomwhich,aswhose关系词Thisistheman(whom/who/that)wearetalkingabout.Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题1.

非限制性定语从句常常位于句末,但也可位于句中,

这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。Thechildren,whowantedtoplayfootball,weredisappointedwhenitrained.

那些孩子都想踢足球,（因而）因下雨感到失望。2.“介词+关系代词”也可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指人时关系代词用whom,

不可用who/that;

先行词指物时,

关系代词用which,

不能用that。Thisisthestudent,forwhomIboughtabook.Theyliveinahouse,

ofwhich

thewindowsaremadeofglass.关系词as和which的区别Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句。as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:as引导的定语从句可置于___________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_______________________________。句首、句中、句后句首，只能放在句中、句后用适当的关系词填空1.

isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceevery

month.2.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof

usesitdifferently.3.Shegaveanotherpieceofadvice,

Ithinkwasofgreathelptothe

researchwork.4.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,

constructionhad

takenmorethanthreeyears.5.Thenumberofsmokers,

isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjust

oneyear.Aswhichwhichwhoseas用适当的介词+关系词填空1.The factory _________ his father

works

is

faraway

from

my

hometown.2.In

the

dark

street, there

wasn’t

a

single

person_________ she

could

turn

for 

help.3.

ThisisMr.Smith,_________factorywework.4.Westoodatthetopofthehill,___________wecanseethetown.towhominwhichinwhosefromwhere❷Readthepassageandrewritethetipsusingnon-definingattributiveclauses.Addmoretipstothelistifyoucan.Goforawalkinthecountryside,whereyoucanenjoythebeautifulviewsandapeacefulatmosphere.Spendtimewithyourfamilyandfriends,whichwillactivatechemicalsinyourbraintomakeyoufeelhappier.Trytoacceptyourmistakes,where/throughwhichyoucanlearnalot.Closeyoureyesandpicturethefuture,whereyou’vemadeyourdreamscometrue.❸Completethejokewiththesentencepartsintheboxusingwho/whichandputcommasinthecorrectposition.

haslosthispatiencebynow

hethinkswillimpressHolmes

islyingnexttohim

hefindsannoying

,whoislyingnexttohim

,whichhefindsannoying

,whichhethinkswillimpressHolmes

,whohaslosthispatiencebynow❹Thinkofajokeyoufindfunnyandwriteitdownusingnon-definingattributiveclauseswhereappropriate.Thenshareyourjokewiththeclass.

Onedayahostessplannedto

entertainaguesttodinnerather

home.

Unfortunately,

shefoundthe

cheeserunningoutwhenpreparing

anapplepie;

asaresult,

shehadto

apologisetoherguestforservingan

applepiewithoutanycheese.

The

littleboyofthefamily,

whowas

naughty,

lefttheroom

quietlyand

afteramomentreturnedwithapiece

ofcheese,

whichheputontheguest's

plate.

Themotherwasquitecontent

withwhathehaddone.

Smiling

theguesttastedthecheeseasifit

werethemostdeliciousfoodinthe

worldandthensaidtothelittleboy,

"Youmusthavebettereyesthanyour

mother,

child,

butwheredidyoufind

thecheese?”“Inthemousetrap,

sir,"

whisperedtheboy.Funtime!❺Listenandcompletetheconversations.1.eartoear2.headoff3.smiles4.laughing5.asmile❻MatchtheexpressionsyouhavecompletedinActivity5totheirmeanings.laughingstockgrinfromeartoearbeallsmilescrackasmilelaughone'sheadoffNowworkingroupsandthinkofmoreexpressionsaboutlaughter.burstoutlaughing放声大笑foralaugh/forlaughs为了取乐，作为消遣have/getthelastlaugh笑到最后，取得最后的胜利Hewholaughslast,laughsbest.笑到最后的人笑的最开心。fallaboutlaughing忍不住大笑

giggle咯咯笑，傻笑

laughfoolishly傻笑

smilebitterly苦笑smirk幸灾乐祸的笑snicker,laughone'ssleeve窃笑tease,makefunof取笑wearabigsmileonone'sface笑容满面laughtillthetearsrolldownone'scheeks/laughwithtearsrollingdownone'scheeks笑出眼泪❼Workinpairs.Discussothersituationsinwhichyoucouldusetheseexpressions.Tommusthavepassedthatreallyhardtest.Whydoyouthinkso?