Unit1SectionA4a-4b课件人教版八年级英语下册

新人教版八年级英语（下）Unit1

TimetoRelax单元语法讲练

Howdowespendyourfreetime?2.能归纳总结动词不定式的基本结构:（肯定式：todo；否定式：nottodo);明确其语法功能（作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）和用法特点。掌握带to和不带to动词不定式的区别。3.能在语境中准确使用动词不定式完成句子填空和对话练习。1.read,writeandusethesewords:getinto,ice-skate,giveitago,kungfu,push,onceinawhile,chat,goonanouting.Bytheendoftheclass,you’llbeableto:LearningObjectivesTranslateandchoose.1.你正在做什么？2.练习书法3.教某人（如何）做某事4.选择去做某事5.弹吉他6.单笔画7.鼓励某人（不）做某事8.放弃7.作为回报8.一言为定！9.Chinesecharacterslike"山"and"水"havealonghistory.A.文字B.角色

C.性格

D.特点10.Mymomlikestowatchmylittlesister______pictureseveryevening.

A.drawingB.drawC.drawsD.todraw11.Mysisterspentawholeafternoon______amodelplanewithherclassmates.

A.makeB.tomakeC.makingD.onmakingWhatareyouupto?docalligraphyteachsb.(how)todosth.choosetodosth.playtheguitarsinglestrokesencouragesb.(not)todosth.giveupinreturnIt'sadeal!Shelikestoplaytheflute.Sheplaysittorelax.Shelikestoswim.Shestartedswimmingtogetoverherfear.Shelikestopaint.Shesawhermotherpaint.Shedecidedtogiveitago.Shelikestotryiceskating.Herinstructortoldhernottogiveupsoeasily.Canyoudividethesesentencesinto2or3groups?Workingroups1.理解每句话中todo/do的含义。2.根据含义将句子分类。Shelikestoplaytheflute.Sheplaysittorelax.Shelikestoswim.Shestartedswimmingtogetoverherfear.Shelikestopaint.Shesawhermotherpaint.Shedecidedtogiveitago.Shelikestotryiceskating.Herinstructortoldhernottogiveupsoeasily.Canyoudividethesesentencesinto2or3groups?Workingroups1.理解每句话中todo/do的含义。2.根据含义将句子分类。不定式做

宾语不定式做

目的状语不定式做

宾语补足语1.什么是不定式？不定式是看起来很像动词，却具有

等不同性质的词类，可以在句子里扮演“主语”“宾语”“补语”的角色。不定式?名词形容词副词2.不定式的形式不定式之所以看起来像动词，是因为它一般是由to+动词原形组合而成的。+=to动词原形不定式例Idon’twanttogo.不定式Theyliketostayhere.不定式3.不定式的用法1做名词用1.做句子的主语例Toleavehereisimpossible.Toseehermakesmenervous.主语主语不定式做主语=一个不可数名词，动词使用单数形式。注当不定式为句子的主语时，用it来代替不定式作为句子的“形式主语”（也就是假的主语），并把真正的主语（不定式）移到句子后面。3.不定式的用法1做名词用1.做句子的主语注it(形式主语)todo(真正的主语)我是主语。我才是真的主语。例Tocheatiswrong.→=Itiswrongtocheat.真正主语形式主语3.不定式的用法1做名词用2.做动词的宾语不定式可以接在动词后面，作为动词的宾语。例Peterwantstogo.Youneedtosleep.togo(去)为动词want的宾语tosleep(睡)为动词need的宾语动词不定式作宾语:动词不定式(to+动词原形)作宾语时,紧跟在特定及物动词后。结构:及物动词+todostheg.我喜欢做完作业后吹笛子。eg.他想下周日和同学去徒步。eg.我们想今年冬天尝试滑冰。Iliketoplaythefluteafterfinishinghomework.Hewants

togohikingwithhisclassmatesnextSunday.Wewouldlike

totryiceskatingthiswinter.常见的此类动词有:三个希望两答应：hope、wish、want、

agree、promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand、ask、refuse设法学会做决定：manage、learn、decide不要假装在选择：pretend、choose动词不定式作宾语:拓展:it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式结构:主语+谓语+it+宾补(adj./n.)+todosth.eg.我觉得尝试滑冰很酷。eg.他们发现加入绘画俱乐部很有意思。eg.她觉得课后练笛子很惬意。Ithinkitcooltotryiceskating.Theyfind

itinterestingtojointhepaintingclub.Shefeelsitnicetopracticethefluteafterclass.start/begintodosthdoingsth开始做......prefertodosthdoingsth更喜欢做......love/liketodosthdoingsth喜欢做......动词+todo/doing意思相同regrettodosthdoingsth遗憾要做...(未做)stoptodosthdoingsth停下来做......(未做)后悔做过...(已做)停止做......(已做)remembertodosthdoingsth记得去做...(未做)forgettodosthdoingsth忘记去做......(未做)记得做过...(已做)忘记做过......(已做)动词+todo/doing意思不同停下忘记去努力,记得后悔要尽力;意味着要去尝试,两者用法要记清。3.不定式的用法2做形容词用一般形容词是放在名词前面:Sheisacutegirl.而不定式做形容词时，则是放在名词后面:1.Ihavesomething

tosay.2.Themanneedsaplace

tolive.tosay(说)修饰前面的代词somethingtolive(住)修饰前面的名词aplace不定式也可以做形容词3.不定式的用法3做副词用1.不定式可以放在动词后，修饰动词，以表示动作的“目的”。Hesatdown

torest.Theyallgoout

tohelp.2.不定式可以放在形容词后，修饰形容词Iamglad

toseeyou.Wewereexcited

towatchthegame.torest(休息)修饰动词短语sitdown,表示坐下来是为了休息torest(帮忙)修饰动词短语goout,表示出去是为了帮忙toseeyou(见到你)修饰形容词glad，“见到你”是“高兴的”towatchthegame(观看比赛)修饰形容词excited，表示“看比赛”是“很兴奋的”Grammar考向1

动词不定式作目的状语①动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时，为“为了······”，

说明动作的目的或意图。②动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时可放在句首，逗号隔开，可放在句尾。e.g.为了准时赶到那儿,他们很早就出发了。

Theystartedearlytogetthereontime.

=_____________________,theystartedearly.提醒：表示目的todo=

inorderto/soasto，但soasto不位于句首。e.g.Hereadseveryday___________________improvewritingskills.

为了提高写作技能，他每天阅读。

练习：

（无锡中考）Thechildrendidalotofresearchinthelab__________(finish)thescienceproject.tofinishTogetthereontimeto/inorderto/soastoGrammar拓展：动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语

动词不定式（短语）作状语往往表示目的、结果或原因等。③

作原因状语

不定式作原因状语时往往跟在表示高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾等情感形容词之后，说明产生这种情感的原因。常用于beglad/sad/happy/sorry/pleased/surprised/disappointed/...todosth.结构中。e.g.I'mpleased______________totalkhere.

我很高兴被邀请来这里谈话。练习：我很开心带领你们参观公园。(show...around)I’mveryglad___________________thepark.toshowyouaroundtobeinvited语法知识导图动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作宾语补足语→可位于句首，也可位于句尾

表示目的或意图，为“为了.....”(重点）用于“命令、要求、允许”类动词后用于“希望、期望”类动词后用于使役动词和感官动词后（重点）用于其他动词后本单元重点讲动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语。TheinfinitivetodoGrammar2）动词不定式的用法

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的功能，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。

e.g.TolearnChinesewellisusefulforus.（作________）

(=It’susefulforustolearnChinesewell.)学好语文对我们有用。(动词不定式作主语时,

it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句尾。)

Mytasktodayistohelpyouwithyourhomework.（作________）

我今天的工作是帮助你完成作业。IdecidetovisitChangsha.（作_________）我决定去长沙旅游。Iheardhimsingeverymorning.（作________）我每天听到他唱歌。Wouldyouliketohavesomethingtodink？（作定语）你想喝点什么吗？Igetupearlytocatchtheearlybus.（作___________）

我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。主语表语宾语宾补(目的)状语Grammar拓展：动词不定式作状语④

作结果状语too....todosth.(太.......而不能做某事)、

....enoughtodosth.(足够......做某事)、

so/such...that+句子（否定）.(如此.......以至于…….)e.g.他太小了，不能去读书。Heis_____young_________(go)toschool.=Heisnot__________togotoschool.=Heis_______young_________hecan`tgotoschool.tootogooldenoughso

thatGrammar考向2

动词不定式作宾语补足语

用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态，通常用于某些动词之后，构成“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构。

①用于“命令、要求、允许”类动词后，如ask、tell、order、require、

allow、permit。e.g.Samaskedme________________.萨姆让我帮助他。Theteacheralwaystellsusnot_________________.

老师总是叮嘱我们不要在河里游泳。②用于“希望、期望”类动词后，如want、wish、expect、wouldlike。e.g.Parentswanttheirchildren____________________.

父母希望孩子健康成长。tohelphimtoswimintherivertogrowuphealthily③用于其他动词后，如teach、warn、invite、encourage等。

Ourheadmasterwillinviteascientist__________(give)usaspeechonspacetechnology.togiveeg.我看见汤姆在公园踢足球。eg.她听见妹妹在房间里吹笛子。eg.我喜欢看你写书法。eg.让我帮你提包吧。IsawTomplayfootballinthepark.Sheheardhersisterplaythefluteintheroom.Ilikewatchingyouwritecalligraphy.Letmehelpyou(to)carrythebag.Grammar④用于使役动词（如make、have、let等）和感官动词（如see、watch、

notice、hear、listento、feel等）后时，动词不定式通常省略to。

口诀：一感(feel)二听(hear,listento)三使(have,make,let)

四看(see,watch,notice,observe)

半帮助

(help)→help+宾+不定式(可带to可不带to)考向2

动词不定式作宾语补足语e.g.Didyounoticeher______thehouse？你注意到她离开屋子了吗？Isawher_____

intothecar.我看见她上了车。Hisparentslethim_______thefloor.他父母让他扫地leavegetsweep+不定式(带to)Grammar考向2

动词不定式作宾语补足语拓展：作宾语补足语

有的动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语；有的动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语（如：感官动词和使役动词后）。注意：这些感使动词在“主动变被动”时，to要补回来，let除外。e.g.Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.=Theworkersweremadetoworklonghoursbytheboss.

老板让员工长时间工作。练习：IhavealovelygoldfishandIoftenwatchit________happilyinthetank.A.swimsB.swimmingC.toswimD.swimDGrammar拓展：疑问词+动词不定式“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”whowhomwhatwhichC主语宾语表语whenhowwherewhether+todo（短语）+todo（短语）在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。e.g.Whattodoisanimportantthing.(作)

要做什么是一件重要的事情。Ican‘tdecidewhattodo.(作)我决定不了做什么。Thequestioniswhentostart.(作)问题是什么时候开始。练习：WhenIfeeldown,mybestfriendalwaysknowshow______meup.A.cheerB.cheeringC.tocheerD.cheers挑战：阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的词，并用其正确形式填空。Todaywewenttothezoo.Thepandasinthezoowerereallycuteandtheymadeus1._________Isawababylion2.________toitsmother.MrWuaskedusnot3._________theanimalstherebecauseitmightmakethemsick.Thistripwasmeaningfulbecauseithelpedus4._______________theimportanceofprotectinganimals.iking.

runlaughunderstandfeedlaughruntofeed(to)understand4aReadthesentences.Decideifeachinfinitive(不定式)inboldfunctionsasanobjectcomplement(宾语补足语)oradverbial(状语).Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetime?Iplaytheflutetorelax.Howdidyouspendyourweekend?Iwenttothesportscentretoiceskate.Howdidyougetintopainting?Isawmymotherpaint.Idecidedtogiveitago.Whatdidyourinstructorsay?Shetoldmenottogiveupsoeasily.作目的状语作目的状语省略to的不定式作宾语补足语作宾语补足语getinto开始做某事；进入giveitago试一试某事4bCompletetheconversationswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.1.A:Thanksforyouradvice!Itmademe____________(decide)totryskiing.B:You'rewelcome.Try____________(forget)yourfearsandhavefun!2.A:Mycousinoftenasksme____________(fly)kiteswithherwhenit'swindy.B:Thatsoundsfun!I'dlovetowatchyou____________(fly)kitessometime.3.A:Ilovetowatchkungfumovies____________(relax).B:Really?WhenIwant____________(relax),Iwatchanimalvideos.4.A:Myparentstoldme____________(notpush)myselftoohard.B:Yes,it'simportant_______________(notforget)torelaxonceinawhile.decidetoforgettoflyflytorelaxtorelaxnottopushnottoforgetmake使役动词+省略to的不定式作宾语补足语trytodosth.

作宾语asksb.todosth.

作宾语补足语(宾补)watchsb.dosth.(观看全过程)省略to,作宾补作目的状语want

todosth.

作宾语tellsb.nottodosth.

作宾补pushoneselftoohard逼自己太狠It’s+adj.+(not)todosth.

it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语onceinawhile偶尔地；间或Languagepoints4b3.①Itmademedecidetotryskiing．它让我决定尝试滑雪。

②Trytoforgetyourfearsandhavefun!尽量忘记你的恐惧，玩得开心！

trydoingsth.

试着做某事

trytodosth.尽力做某事辨析：trydoingsth.与trytodosth.

trydoingsth.

尝试做某事

表示尝试，并没有明确的目的性。

trytodosth.

努力做某事,尽力做某事

侧重为达到目的而努力。e.g.We_______setoffearly,buttherewasatrafficjam,sowehadto_________anotherway.我们尽量早出发了，但（因为）交通堵塞，

所以我们不得不尝试找另一条路。练习：Englishisveryimportant.Wemusttry________itwell.A.learningB.learnC.learnsD.tolearnDtriedtotryfindingLanguagepoints4b4.Myparentstoldmenottopushmyselftoohard.

我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。1）

push

v.督促；推

【动词】(1)督促；鞭策

pushoneselftoohard把自己逼得太紧

pushsb.todosth.督促／鞭策某人做某事e.g.Justrelax.Don'tpushyourselfsohard.

放轻松。别把自己逼得太紧。（枣庄中考）Ahealthycompetitivespiritcanpushpeopletotrytobebetter.

健康的竞争精神可以促使人们努力变得更好。（扬州中考）

（2）推

反义词是pull“拉”。e.g.YoupushandIpull.你推我拉。拓展：【及物动词】按下（按钮、开关等）=press。e.g.Igotinandpushedthebuttonforthefourthfloor.

我进去后按了去四楼的按钮。Languagepoints4b4.Myparentstoldmenottopushmyselftoohard.

我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。2）myself

pron.我自己

【反身代词】在句中可作宾语、同位语或表语。e.g.Icanlookaftermyselfwell.

我可以照顾好自己。（作lookafter的宾语）I'llspeaktohermyself.我要亲自去跟她说。（作I的同位语）I'mnotmyselftoday.我今天不太舒服。（作表语）练习：1)Don’tpush____toohard.Ifyou’retired,restforawhile.A.youB.yourselfC.meD.myself2)WangChuqinandSunYingshamadehistoryacoupleofdaysago.Ibelievetheywillcontinuetopush____harderandgetbettergrades.A.himselfB.herselfC.themselvesD.yourselvesBCLanguagepoints4b5.Yes,it'simportantnottoforgettorelaxonceinawhile.

对，重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。

onceinawhile

偶尔地；间或every+onceinawhile

常用来表示频度，onceinawhile=nowandthen、attimes、fromtimetotime。e.g.Heusuallycooksathome,but______________heorderstakeout.

他通常在家做饭，但偶尔也会点外卖。练习：IlivefarawayfrommyparentssoIcanonlyvisitthem____.A.intimeB.onceinawhileC.inplentyoftimeD.ontimeBonceinawhilePracticeCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.1.Mydadencouragedme____________(keep)trying.2.Igototheparkeverymorning____________(run).3.Sheaskedhim____________(notbe)late.4.Weuseapps____________(learn)English.5.Iheardher____________(sing)inthenextroom.tokeepencouragesb.todosth.

作宾补torun作目的状语nottobeasksb.not

todosth.

作宾补tolearn作目的状语singhearsb.dosth.(听到全过程)省略to,作宾补4cCompletethepassagewiththeinfinitiveformsoftheverbsinthebox.Whatdoyouusuallydooutdoors?(not)comedolistenplayspendstaywatchMytwinbrotherandIlookalike,butwearesodifferent.Ilovesport,andIoftenmeetmyfriends__________footballandtennis.Mybrotherjoinedustoplayfootballonceortwice,buthedecided____________afterthat.Hedoesn'tlikesportverymuch!Instead,helikes__________athomeand__________movies,__________tomusic,andchatwithfriendsonline.Ourparentswereworriedabouthimstayinghometoomuch.Theyalsowantedus__________moretimetogetherasafamily.So,nowtheyletus__________ourfavouriteactivitiesonSaturdays,butonSundays,wegoonafamilyoutingtogether!toplaynottocometostaywatchlistentospenddotostay,watch,listen,chat作likes的并列宾语letsb.dosth.使役动词let,省略to,作宾补

goonanouting外出游玩作目的状语作宾语作宾补stayathome待在家里chatwithsb.与某人聊天beworriedabout=worryabout

担心Languagepoints4c6.chat闲聊

chat

v.&n.闲聊（1）【不及物动词】过去式和过去分词为chatted，现在分词为chatting。

chatwithsb.与某人闲聊

chataboutsb./sth.

聊起某人／某事e.g.Hedoesn'tknowhowtochatwithothers.他不知道如何和别人聊天。Theyoftenchatabouttheirhobbies.他们经常聊他们的爱好。（2）【可数名词】

haveachatwithsb.=chatwithsb.

与某人聊天练习：Itisfunhavingachatwithyou.跟你聊天很有趣。=Itisfun__________________you.

chattingwithLanguagepoints4c7....butonSundays,wegoonafamílyoutingtogether!······但在周日，我们家会一起出外游玩！

outing

n.出外游玩；远足

通常指集体出外游玩或学习，时间一般不超过一天。

goonanouting出外游玩e.g.Thechildrenwereonaday'soutingfromschool.

孩子们离校游览了一天。TheywentonanoutingtothebeachlastSunday.

上周日他们去海滩游玩了。Let’sbecomethebestplannersanddesigna“perfectrelaxingday”plan!

SectionGuidingQuestionsExampleDestinationWherewillyougotohavefun?Wewillgototheparktoflykitesandhaveapicnic.ActivitiesWhatwillyoudotorelaxyourmind?FoodPlanWhatwillyoupreparetoeat?

...

Workingroupstomakeyourplanandcompletethetable.Youcanuseinfinitives