Unit5语法专项课件-一般过去时的被动语态-冀教版英语八年级下册

教学课件冀教英语八年级下册Unit5语法专项——一般过去时的被动语态

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学习目标掌握一般过去时被动语态的定义与适用场景熟记肯定、否定、疑问三类基本句式结构能熟练完成主动与过去时被动语态的转换准确运用规则和不规则动词的过去分词在不同题型中规范使用该语法知识点一般过去时的被动语态定义描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作主语是动作的承受者，而非执行者核心强调过去动作“被完成”的状态区别于现在时被动：聚焦过去的动作或事实常用时间标志：yesterday,lastyear,inthepast,ago一般过去时被动语态—肯定句基本结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词单数主语/I/he/she/it搭配was复数主语/you/we/they搭配were例句：PaperwasinventedinancientChina.例句：Manynewparkswerebuiltinourcitylastyear.was/were选用小技巧看主语单复数直接判定，无需考虑人称单数名词、不可数名词作主语，用was复数名词、复数代词作主语，用were单个事物用was，多个事物用were例句：Theletterwassentyesterday./Thelettersweresentyesterday.一般过去时被动语态—否定句基本结构：主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词常用缩写：wasn’t=wasnot；weren’t=werenot表示过去某个动作未被执行例句：Computersweren’twidelyusedinthe1980s.例句：Theproblemwasn’tsolvedlastweek.一般过去时被动语态—一般疑问句基本结构：Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词？句首be动词随主语单复数变化回答用Yes/No，后接简短形式呼应was/were例句：Wasthebookwrittenbyafamouswriter?肯定回答：Yes,itwas.否定回答：No,itwasn’t.一般过去时被动语态—特殊疑问句基本结构：疑问词+was/were+主语+动词过去分词？常用疑问词：when/where/who/how/what用于提问过去被动动作的时间、地点、执行者例句：Whenwasthetelephoneinvented?例句：Wherewerethesephotostaken?核心用法一：描述过去完成的被动动作不知道动作执行者时，使用该语态动作执行者不重要，无需提及的时候例句：Anoldbridgewasbuiltnearthevillagemanyyearsago.例句：Anewlibrarywasopenedinourschoollastmonth.核心用法二：描述过去的客观事实/历史事件多用于历史、发明、科技、文化等话题表述公认的、过去发生的客观事实例句：TheGreatWallwasbuiltinancientChina.例句：TVwasinventedinthe20thcentury.主动语态变过去时被动语态—转换原则只改变语态，不改变时态和句子原意时间、地点、方式等状语保持不变可根据需要保留或省略动作执行者转换后句子的逻辑主语为原句宾语例句：Peoplebuiltthistowerin1990.→宾语thistower变主语主动变过去时被动—四步转换法第一步：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语第二步：根据新主语单复数选was或were第三步：将主动句的动词变为过去分词形式第四步：可选加by+原主语，说明动作执行者主动变被动—例句演示（单数主语）主动句：Awriterwrotethisnovelin2000.第一步：thisnovel变主语第二步：单数主语用was第三步：wrote变written第四步：加byawriter被动句：Thisnovelwaswrittenbyawriterin2000.主动变被动—例句演示（复数主语）主动句：Theybuiltmanyroadsinthistownlastyear.第一步：manyroads变主语第二步：复数主语用were第三步：built保持built（过去分词同过去式）第四步：加bythem被动句：Manyroadswerebuiltbytheminthistownlastyear.过去分词变化规则—规则动词（1）一般情况：动词末尾直接加-eduse→usedclean→cleaned

all→calledhelp→helped

过去分词变化规则—规则动词（2）以e结尾的动词：直接加-dinvent→inventedlike→liked

live→livedchange→changed过去分词变化规则—规则动词（3）辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加-edstudy→studiedtry→tried

worry→worriedcarry→carried过去分词变化规则—规则动词（4）重读闭音节结尾+末尾单辅音：双写辅音加-edstop→stoppedplan→planned

drop→droppedfit→fitted常考不规则动词过去分词（必背）write→writtenmake→madetake→takensee→seendo→donego→goneeat→eatengive→givenbuild→builtinvent→invented易混点区分—一般现在vs一般过去被动一般现在被动：描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作标志词：everyday,often,usually,always一般过去被动：描述过去发生的一次性被动动作标志词：yesterday,last,inthepast,...ago常见易错点（一）混淆was/were的使用，单复数主语搭配错误错误：Theflowerswaswateredyesterday.正确：Theflowerswerewateredyesterday.错误：Anewschoolwerebuiltlastyear.正确：Anewschoolwasbuiltlastyear.常见易错点（二）缺少was/were，直接用过去分词作谓语错误：Thelettersentbymymotheryesterday.正确：Theletterwassentbymymotheryesterday.错误：Manytreesplantedintheparklastspring.正确：Manytreeswereplantedintheparklastspring.常见易错点（三）误用动词过去式代替过去分词错误：ThebookwaswritebyLuXun.正确：ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.错误：Thephotowastakelastsummer.正确：Thephotowastakenlastsummer.单项选择

1.Theoldbuilding______in1950.

A.buildB.wasbuiltC.isbuilt2.______thissong______byayoungsingerlastyear?A.Was;sungB.Did;singC.Is;sung3.Thesephotos______inBeijingonmytriplastmonth.A.takeB.weretakenC.aretaken4.Theproblem______bytheteachertenminutesago.A.wassolvedB.solvedC.issolved5.Theletter______bymyfatherbecausehewasbusy.A.wasn’tsendB.weren’tsentC.wasn’tsentBABAC6.When______thefirsttrain______inChina?A.was;inventB.was;inventedC.is;invented7.Manynewbooks______totheschoollibrarylastweek.A.weregivenB.gaveC.aregiven8.—Who______theclassroomyesterday?

—It______byTom.A.cleaned;wascleanedB.clean;iscleaned9.Thewindow______brokenbyalittleboyjustnow.

A.wasB.wereC.is10.Rice______inthenorthofChinamanyyearsago.A.wasn’tgrownB.didn’tgrowC.isn’tgrownBAAAA用所给动词的正确形式填空

1.Anewhospital___________(build)inourcitylastyear.2.Thelittlegirl___________(save)byapolicemanyesterday.3.Thesebooks_______________(notread)bystudentslastmonth.4.___________thefilm___________(direct)byafamousdirector?5.Theletter___________(send)bymysisterthreedaysago.wasbuiltwassavedweren’treadWasdirectedwassent6.Manytrees_____________(plant)alongtheroadlastspring.7.Theproblem___________(solve)byTomwithhisfriendlastweek.8.Thisnovel______________(write)byafamouswriterin1998.9.Theoldphoto______________(nottake)inShanghai.10.Thechildren___________(tell)astorybytheirteacheryesterday.wereplantedwassolvedwaswrittenwasn’ttakenweretold将主动句改为被动句

1.Peopleinventedthewheelinancienttimes.2.Mymotherboughtanewwatchformeyesterday.3.Theteachercorrectedourhomeworkafterclass.4.Theyheldasportsmeetinginourschoollastweek.5.Afamousartistdrewthispicturein2010.Thewheelwasinventedinancienttimesbypeople.Anewwatchwasboughtformebymymotheryesterday.Ourhomeworkwascorrectedbytheteacherafterclass.Asportsmeetingwasheldinourschoollastweekbythem.Thispicturewasdrawnbyafamousartistin2010.填空Lastsummer,Ivisitedasmallvillage.Alotofchanges1.____________(happen)t