大学英语四级词汇理解专项强化真题试卷37

大学英语四级词汇理解专项强化真题试

卷37

一、长篇阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef[A]ThebusystreetsinParis

wereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseein

theshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethe

bakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwho

workedinside.|B|HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCareme,andhehadappeared,oneday,

almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly184yearsago

today,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood（美食），writebest-selling

cookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.[C]

Careme'schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildto

poorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCaremewassuddenlyabandonedat

theheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyfora

restaurantinParisinexchangefbrroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomean

apprentice（学徒）toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessfulbakery

inoneofParis'smostfashionableneighborhoods.[D]Caremewasquickatlearningin

thekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.Careme

wouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonart

andarchitecture.Inthebackroomofthelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhis

bakingtalentcombinedtoworkwonders-heshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,

butterandsugar.[E]Inhisteenageyears,Caremefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate

1Xfhcentury'smostfamousbuildings-cookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthens

andpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,

displayedtheseluxuriantcreations-oftenaslargeas4feettall—inhisbakerywindows.

[F]Careme'screationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,

CharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-Perigord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCaremeto

produceafullmenuforhispersonalcastle,instructingtheyoungbakertouselocal,

seasonalfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofan

entireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand'sassociationwith

FrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionfbrCareme.[G]FrenchEmperor

NapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18th

centurycooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParis'shighsociety,hetoocalled

CaremetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,Caremedesignedtheextraordinary

cakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,Marie-LouiseofAustria.He

becameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjustthe

flavorofhisdishes."Iwantorderandtaste.Awell-displayedmealisenhancedone

hundredpercentinmyeyes,"helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooks.[H]In1816,

Caremebeganaculinary（烹饪的）journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceas

history'sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodemGreatKitchenof

theprinceregent（摄政王），GeorgeIV,andcrossedcontinentstopreparegrand

banquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderIofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisown

accomplishments,aboastfulCarememadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocial

ambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludea

sketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognize—andadmire—

him.[I|Careme'scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining:theywere

plentifulbeautifulandimposing.Guestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarried

Careme'sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDuke

NicholasofRussia'svisittoGeorgeIV'sBrightonPavilliononJan.18,1817,themenu

featured120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups,40maincourses,and32

desserts.[J]Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,Careme

forgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,Caremecreatedhis

four"mothersauces".Thesesauces-bechamel,velout^,espagnoleandallemande一

formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthe

souffle-abakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchefsuniform-thesamedouble-

breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothing

conveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCareme-andinhisrealm,appearance

waseverything.[K]Betweenmeals,Caremewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedin

Europeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingIheRoyalParisianBaker

andthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries（1833-1847,completedafter

hisdeath）firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawings

andstep-by-stepdirections.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Caremewalked

readersthroughcommonkitchentasks,instructingthemto"trythisforyourself,at

home"asfamousAmericanChefJuliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater.[L]Intheend,

however,itwasthekitchenthatdidCaremein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresin

tight,closedspaceswithlittlefreshair（toensurehisdisheswouldnotgetcold）had

fatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Caremediedjustbeforeheturned50.|M]

Butinhislifetime,Careme,everconfidentcouldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthe

kitchen.Hewantedto"setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,and

provetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywerethemostfamous

intheworld",ashewroteinhispapers.[N]Decadeslater,chefAugusteEscoffierwould

builduponCareme'sconceptofFrenchcuisine（烹饪）.Butintheverybeginning,there

wasjustCareme,thetopchefwhoelevateddiningintoart.

1、Caremewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorof

dishes.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：该段第三句提到，卡莱姆成为第一批注重餐桌外观，而不仅仅是菜肴

味道的现代厨师之一。题干中的amongthefirstchefs对应原文中的oneofthefirst

modernchefs,stressboth…and是对原文中的focuson…notjust的同义转述，故答

案为G。

2^CaremewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremost

outstandingintheworld.

标准答案：M

知识点解析：该段第二句提到，卡莱姆希望为古典和现代烹饪中的美设定标准，并

向遥远的未来证明19世纪的法国厨师是世界上最著名的厨师。题干中的later

generations对应原文中的distantfuture,hislime对应原文中的ihe19thcentury,

mostoutstanding对应原文中的themostfamous,故答案为M。

3、CaremebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：该段最后一句提到，塔莱兰德与法国贵族的交往将使卡莱姆从中获益

匪浅。题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为此

4、CaremelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该段最后一句提到，15岁时•，卡莱姆成了西尔万-巴伊里的学徒。巴

伊里是一位著名的甜点师，在巴黎最时尚的社区之一拥有一家成功的面包店。题干

中的learnedhistrade对应原文中的becomeanapprentice,famousdessertchef对应

原文中的well-knowndessertchef,故答案为C<>

5、Careme,screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster.

标准答案：E

知识电解析：该段最后一句提到，师傅西尔万•巴伊里在面包店橱窗里展示了卡莱

姆华丽的作品。题干中的creativeworks对应原文中的luxurianlcreations,exhibited

对应原文中的displayed.故答案为E。

6、Careme,sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydesserts

outofordinaryingredients.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该段最后两句提到，卡莱姆经常在附近的国家图书馆度过下午的空闲

时间，在那研读艺术和建筑方面的书籍。在小面包店的后厨，他对设计的兴趣和他

的烘焙天赋结合在一起创造了奇迹—他用面粉、黄油和糖完成了美食杰作。题干

中的extraordinarydesserts对应原文中的deliciousmasterpieces,ordinaryingredients

对应原文中的flour,bullerandsugar,故答案为D。

7、ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadeby

Careme.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该段最后一句提到，人们都挤在这家面包店外，急切地想看一眼由那

位在店里工作的年轻厨师制作的最