2024年全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译实务试题及答案

2024年全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译实务试题及答案[问答题]1.Mortgageratesdroppedagainthisweek,afterplungingnearlyhalf（江南博哥）apercentagepointlastweek.The30-yearfixed-ratemortgageaveraged6.58percentintheweekendingNovember23,downfrom6.61percenttheweekbefore.Ayearago,the30-yearfixedratewas3.10percent.Mortgageratesrosethroughoutmostof2022,spurredbytheFederalReserve'sunprecedentedcampaignofhikinginterestratesinordertotamesoaringinflation.Butlastweek,ratestumbledaimedreportsthatindicatedionmayhavefinallyreacheditspeak.Thisvolatilityismakingitdifficultforpotentialhomebuyerstoknow,whentogetintothemarket,andthatisreflectedinthelatestdatawhichshowsexistinghomesalesslowingacrossallpricepoints.Mortgageratestendtotracktheyieldon10-yearUSTreasurybonds.Asinvestorsseeoranticipateratehikes,theymakemoveswhichsendyieldshigherandmortgageratesrise.The10-yearTreasuryhasbeenhoveringinalowerrangeof3.7percentto3.85percent.Thathasledtoabigresetininvestorsexpectationsaboutfutureinterestratehikes.Priortothat,the10-yearTreasuryhadrisenabove4.2percent.However,themarketmaybebeabittooquicktocelebratetheimprovementininflation.AttheFed'sNovembermeeting,chairmanJeromePowelltotheneedforongoingratehikestotameinflation.Thiscouldmeanthatmortgageratesmayclimbagain,andthatriskgoesupifnextmonth'sinflationreadingcomesinonthehighersidewhileit'sdifficulttotimethemarketinordertogetalowmortgagerate,plentyofwouldbehomebuyersareseeingawindowofopportunity.Followinggenerallyhighermortgageratesthroughoutthecourseof2022,therecentswinginbuyersfavoriswelcomeandcouldsavethebuyerofamedian-pricedhomemorethanUss100permonthrelativetowhattheywouldhavepaidwhenrateswereabove7percentjusttwoweeksago.Asaresultofthedropinmortgagerates,bothpurchaseandrefinanceapplicationspickedupslightlylastweek.Butrefinanceactivityisstillmorethan80percentbelowlastyearspacewhenrateswerearound3.However,withweek-to-weekswingsinmortgageratesaveragingnearlythreetimesthoseseeninatypicalyearandhomepricesstillhistoricallyhigh,manypotentialshoppershavepulledback.Along-termhousingshortageiskeepinghomepriceshigh,evenasthenumberofhomesonthemarketforsaleshasincreased,andbuyersandsellersmayfinditmorechallengingalignexpectationsonprice.正确答案：抵押贷款利率在本周再度下降，此前一周已大幅下跌近0.5个百分点。截至11月23日的一周，30年期固定抵押贷款利率平均为6.58%，较前一周的6.61%有所回落。一年前，30年期固定利率为3.10%。受美联储为抑制高企的通胀而开展的前所未有的加息行动推动，抵押贷款利率在2022年大部分时间持续走高。但上周，随着有报告显示通胀可能终于见顶，利率大幅回落。这种剧烈波动让潜在购房者难以判断入市时机，最新数据也反映出这一点：各价位段的现房销售均出现放缓。抵押贷款利率通常与美国10年期国债收益率走势一致。当投资者看到或预期加息时，其操作会推高国债收益率，进而带动抵押贷款利率上升。10年期国债收益率目前在3.7%至3.85%的较低区间徘徊，这让投资者对未来加息的预期发生重大转变。在此之前，10年期国债收益率曾升至4.2%以上。不过，市场或许对通胀改善的反应有些过于乐观。在美联储11月会议上，主席杰罗姆・鲍威尔强调，仍需持续加息以抑制通胀。这意味着抵押贷款利率可能再度走高，如果下月通胀数据偏高，这一风险将进一步上升。尽管很难精准把握市场时机以获得低利率，但不少潜在购房者仍看到了机会窗口。在2022年全年利率普遍高企的背景下，近期利率回落对购房者而言是利好消息，与两周前利率超过7%时相比，购买中等价位住房的购房者每月可节省100美元以上。受抵押贷款利率下降影响，购房和再融资申请量上周均小幅回升。但再融资业务量仍较去年同期下降80%以上，彼时利率约为3%。不过，由于抵押贷款利率周度波动幅度平均达到正常年份的近三倍，且房价仍处于历史高位，许多潜在购房者已持观望态度。尽管市场在售房源数量有所增加，但长期住房短缺仍支撑着高房价，买卖双方在价格预期上达成一致的难度也随之加大。[问答题]2.IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeopleoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidn'tknowfromconcreteexamplesthatinternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhated,onecoulddeduceitfromgeneralprinciples.Nearlyallsportsnowadaysarecompetitive.Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreen,whereyouplayandnofadingoflocalpatriotismisinvaded,itispossibletoplaysimplyforfunandexercise;butassoonasthequestionofprestigearises,assoonasfellthatyouandsamelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavagecombativeinstinctsarearoused.Anyonewhohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevelsportisfranklymimicwarfare.Butthesignificantthingisnotthebehavioroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectators;andbehindthespectators,ofthenationswhoworkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontests,andseriouslybelieve,atanyrateforshortperiods,thatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue.Assoonasstrongfeelingsofrivalryarearoused,thenationofplayingthegameaccordingtotherulesatealwaysvanishes.Peoplewanttoseetheonesideontopandtheothersidehumiliatedandtheyforgetthatvictorygainedthroughcheatingorthroughinterventionofthecrowdismeaningless.Evenwhenthespectatorsdon’tintervenephysicallytheytrytoinfluencethegamebycheeringtheirownsideandratingopposingplayerswithboosandinsults.Serioussporthasnothingtodowithfairplay.Itisboundupwithhatred,jealousy,boastfulness,disregardofallrulesandsadisticpleasureinwitnessingviolence;inotherwords,itiswarminustheshooting.Idonot,ofcourse,suggestthatsportisoneofthemaincausesofinternationalrivalry;big-scalesportisitself,Ithink,merelyanothereffectofthecausesthathaveproducednationalism.Still,youdomakethingsworsebysendingforthateamofelevenmen,labeledasnationalchampions,todobattleagainstsomerivalteam,andallowingittobefeltonallsidesthatwhichevernationisdefeatedwill“losefaceTherearequiteenoughrealcauseoftroublealready,andweneednotaddtothembyencouragingyoungmentokickeachotherontheshinsamidtheroarsofinfuriatedspectators.正确答案：每当听到人们说体育能增进国家间的友好情谊，说只要世界各国的普通民众能在足球或板球场上相遇，就不会有走上战场的念头时，我总是感到诧异。即便没有具体事例证明国际体育赛事会引发极端仇恨，人们也能从普遍规律中推断出这一点。如今几乎所有体育项目都具有竞争性。参赛就是为了赢，若不尽全力取胜，比赛便毫无意义。在乡村草坪上，人们参与运动时不掺杂任何地方主义情绪，此时运动可以纯粹为了娱乐和锻炼；可一旦涉及荣誉问题，一旦你觉得一旦失利，自己乃至所属的更大集体都会蒙羞，人类最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发。哪怕只参加过学校足球赛的人，都明白这一点。在国际层面，体育说白了就是模拟战争。但关键不在于运动员的表现，而在于观众的态度；在观众背后，是各国民众为这些荒唐的赛事陷入狂热，并且至少在短时间内真心相信，跑、跳、踢球这些行为是对国家品格的检验。一旦强烈的对抗情绪被点燃，按规则比赛的理念便会荡然无存。人们只想看到一方碾压另一方、让对手颜面尽失，却忘了通过作弊或观众干预赢得的胜利毫无意义。即便观众不亲自介入，也会通过为己方助威、对对方球员报以嘘声和辱骂来影响比赛。严肃的竞技体育与公平竞赛毫无关系，它充斥着仇恨、嫉妒、自夸、无视规则，以及从目睹暴力中获得的施虐快感；换言之，这是一场没有硝烟的战争。当然，我并非认为体育是国际对抗的主要原因之一；在我看来，大规模体育赛事本身，不过是催生民族主义的那些因素所带来的另一种结果。即便如此，派出一支被冠以“国家冠军”之名的十一人队伍，与对手队伍展开较量，还让所有人都觉得失利的国家会“丢面子”，这无疑会让局势雪上加霜。现实中引发争端的原因本就够多了，我们不必再鼓动年轻人在愤怒观众的呐喊中互相踢踹，徒增矛盾。[问答题]3.2020年12月2日,教育部回应了全国人大代表提出的预防未成年人犯罪的速议。教育部表示,随着我国经济社会的迅速发展,未成年人犯罪出现了低年龄、低学历的趋势。教育部非常重视预防未成年人犯罪的问题,将加强与有关部门协同配合、综合施策、共同发力,切实提高预防未成年人犯罪工作的针对性、实效性。具体措施如下：一是积极推动有关法律法规的修订工作,为预防未成年人犯罪工作提供有利的法制保障。二是持续开展法治教育,倡导各地强化品德修养和校规校纪教育,引导学生形成规则意识和法治观念。三是有效发挥好家校协同作用,编制家庭教育指导手册,帮助家长树立科学的教育观念,营造良好的家庭教育环境。四是为未成年人成长营造健康的网络环境。五是加大教育惩戒力度,对施行欺凌和暴力的中小学生必须依法依规采取适当的矫治措施予以教育惩戒。正确答案：OnDecember2,2020,theMinistryofEducationrespondedtoaproposalsubmittedbyadeputytotheNationalPeople'sCongressonthepreventionofjuveniledelinquency.TheMinistryofEducationstatedthatwiththerapideconomicandsocialdevelopmentinChina,juveniledelinquencyhasshownatrendofyoungerageandlowereducationalattainment.Attachinggreatimportancetothepreventionofjuveniledelinquency,theMinistrywillstrengthencoordinationandcooperationwithrelevantdepartments,adoptcomprehensivemeasuresandmakejointeffortstoeffectivelyenhancethepertinenceandeffectivenessoftheworkonpreventingjuveniledelinquency.Thespecificmeasuresareasfollows:First,activelypromotetherevisionofrelevantlawsandregulationstoprovidefavorablelegalprotectionforthepreventionofjuveniledelinquency.Second,continuouslycarryoutlegaleducation,advocatethatalllocalitiesstrengthenmoralcultivationandeducationonschoolrulesanddisciplines,andguidestudentstodevelopasenseofrulesandlegalconcepts.Third,givefullplaytothesynergybetweenfamiliesandschools,compilefamilyeducationguidancemanuals,helpparentsestablishscientificeducationalconcepts,andcreateasoundfamilyeducationenvironment.Fourth,createahealthyonlineenvironmentforthegrowthofminors.Fifth,intensifyeducationalpunishment.Forprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudentswhocommitbullyingandviolence,appropriatecorrectivemeasuresmustbetakeninaccordancewithlawsandregulationsforeducationalpunishment.[问答题]4.人类未来的命运在很大程度上取决于自然而不是人类自己。因此,要从根本上解决环境危机,就要改变那种人与自然对立的态度,纠正以人为中心的观念,树立人与自然统一的整体观,尊重、敬畏自然,与自然建立和谐共生的关系。“天人合一”的思想是尊重和敬畏自然的思想。因为它把包括人在内的整个自然界作为统一的生命系统。我们要吸取中国古人“天人合一”的智慧,明了人与自然为生命共同体,对天地万物常怀感激感恩之情,尊重自然,顺应自然,保护自然。中国著名政治家管子认为,人类与自然界保持协调,就会产生天地之美。今天我们要“生”出天地之美,就必须是绿色发展的现代化之路,即人与自然和谐共生之路。在对待自然方面,我们要做的调整很多。一是要调整对自然的态度,尊重和爱护自然,把自然当朋友。二是要调整经济发展方式,放弃消耗自然资源为主的发展模式,多发展低能耗、低物耗、节能、环保产业。三是要调整生活方式,引导人们抑制物欲,倡导简约、低碳的生活方式,防止奢侈浪费和不合理消费。正确答案：Thefutureofhumanitydependstoalargeextentonnatureratherthanhumanbeingsthemselves.Therefore,tofundamentallyresolvetheenvironmentalcrisis,wemustabandontheattitudethatsetshumanityagainstnature,correcttheanthropocentricmindset,establishaholisticviewoftheunitybetweenhumansandnature,respectandreverenature,andbuildarelationshipofharmoniouscoexistencewithit.Thephilosophyof"unityofheavenandhumanity"embodiestheideaofrespectingandreveringnature,foritregardstheentirenaturalworld,includinghumanbeings,asanintegratedlivingsystem.WeshoulddrawonthewisdomofancientChinesethinkersembodiedintheconceptof"unityofheavenandhumanity",understandth