大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷156

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷156

一、仔细阅读（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e..theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelong

orshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety'sdefinitionastowhat

constitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlya

relativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolonged

educationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlonger

andmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone'slife.Furthermore,thelengthofthe

adolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyas

socialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethe

disappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyin（heUnited

Stales,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodern

society,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolic

significanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.

Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognition

andsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationand

collegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertain

behavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio­

economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesfor

adolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privileges

andresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-

firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusarcremoved

andadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolonger

consideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.

Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificant

adultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrights,which

increaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcan

obtainadriver'slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithoutthe

restrictionsofchild;laborlaws.Altheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadult

responsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocan

marrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshis

fulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterinto

financialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrights

areacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneofthese

legalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointto

theprolongedperiodofadolescence.

1、Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause.

A^（hedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged

B、theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped

C、moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade

D、ceremoniesfbradolescencehavelost（heirformalrecognitionandsymbolic

significance

标准答案：C

知识点解析：与原始社会相比，人类进步到工业化社会以后，青春期变长了。为什

么呢?在首段中，作者提出了两个原因：第一，受教育的时间变长了；第二，法律

做出了反对使用童工的规定。这样一来，青少年踏入社会的脚步延缓了，青春期也

因而延长，C正确。

2、Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplace（o.

A、graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges

B、socialrecognition

C、socio-economicstatus

D、certainbehavioralchanges

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：第2段第2、3句提到，成人礼在现代社会已经“进化”了，一系列毕

业典礼让青少年一步步得到社会的承认，A符合题意。本题如果没有弄清楚第2句

的逻辑结构，则容易误选B或C。第2句中replaced的逻辑主语是asequenceof

steps而不是用来修饰steps的从句中的词（increasedrecognitionandsocialstatus）«

3、Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis.

A^elevenyearsold

B、sixteenyearsold

C、twenty-oneyearsold

D、betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第2段倒数第4句说到了21岁一个人就拥有了成年人所有的合法权

利，C项符合题意。注意第二段后半部分（描述几个标志性年龄所能带来的权利变

化）的结构，它属于描述一人process（过程）的limerelationship（时间关系）结构。抓住

此结构，可以做跳跃式的阅读。

4、Startingfrom22,.

A、onewillobtainmorebasicrights

B、theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave

C、onewon'tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21

D、onewillenjoymorerightsgranledbysociety

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第2段倒数第2句说到，“一个人获得成人身份后，不再因为年龄困

素而获得更多的基本权利。”所以到了22岁，不会因为多长了一岁而享受更多的权

利。故C项符合题意。

5、Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A^inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthelengthofadolescencechangedalot.

B、noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one.

C、oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver'slicense.

D、oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmy.

标准答案：A.

知识点解析：第一段末尾说：“此外，在特定的社会中，随着社会和经济状况的变

化，青春期的长短及对成人地位的定义也可能发生变化。美国19世纪后半叶边疆

的消失，以及普遍存在的农业社会的工业化过程，都是这种社会经济条件改变的例

子。”由此可知，美国19世纪后期，青春期的长短发生了改变，A正确。

Theestimatesofthenumbersofhome-schooledchildrenvarywidely.TheU.S.

DepartmentofEducationestimates(hereare250,000to350,000home-schooledchildren

inthecountry.Home-schooladvocatesputthenumbermuchhigher-ataboutamillion.

Manypublicschoolcidvocatestakeaharshattitudetowardhomeschoolers,perceiving

theiractionsastheultimateslapinthefaceforpubliceducationandadamagingmove

forthechildren.Homeschoolersharborfewkindwordsforpublicschools,charging

shortcomingsthatrangefromlackofreligiousperspectivein:hccurriculumtoaherdlike

approachtoteachingchildren.Yet,aspublicschoolofficialsrealizetheystandlittleto

gainbyremaininghostiletothehome-schoolpopulation,andashomeschoolersrealize

theycanreapbenefitsfrompublicschools,thesehardlinesseemtobesofteningahit.

Publicschoolsandhomeschoolershavemovedclosertotoleranceand,insomecases,

evencooperation.SaysJohnMarshall,aneducationalofficial,"Wearebecoming

relativelytolerantofhomeschoolers.Theideais,'Let'sgive(hekidsaccess(opublic

schoolsothey'llseeit'snotasterribleaswha(they'vebeentold,andthey'llwanttocome

back.'"Perhaps,butdon'tcountonit,sayhome-schooladvocates.Homeschoolers

opposethesystembecauseth?yhavestrongconvictionsthattheirapproachto

education—whetherfueledbyreligiousenthusiasmortheindividualchild'sinterestsand

naturalpace—isbest,"Thebulkofhomeschoolersjustwanttobeleftalone,"saysEnge

Cannon,associatedirectoroftheNationalCenterForHomeEducation.Shesayshome

schoolerschoosethatpathforavarietyofreasons,butreligionplaysarole85percentof

thetime.ProfessorVanGalenbreakshomeschoolersintotwogroups.Somehome

schoolerswanttheirchildrentolearnnotonlytraditionalsubjectmatterbutalso"strict

religiousdoctrineandaconservativepoliticalandsocialperspective.Notincidentally,

theyalsowanttheirchildrentolearn-bothintellectuallyandemotionally-thatthe

familyisthemostimportantinstitutioninsociety."Otherhomeschoolerscontend“notso

muchthattheschoolsteachheresy(异端邪说)，butthatschoolsteachwhatevertheyteach

inappropriately,"VanGalenwrites."Theseparentsarchighlyindependentandstriveto

'takeresponsibility'fortheirownliveswithinasocietythattheydefineasbureaucratic

andinefficient."

6、Accordingtothepassage,homeschoolersare.

A、thosewhoengageprivateteacherstoprovideadditionaleducationfortheirchildren

B、thosewhoeducatetheirchildrenathomeinsteadofsendingthemtoschool

C、thosewhoadvocatecombiningpubliceducationwithhomeschooling

D、thosewhodon'tgotoschoolbutareeducatedathomebytheirparents

C、publicschoolscannotprovideaneducationthatisgoodenoughfortheirchildren

D^publicschoolsarethesourceofbureaucracyandinefficiencyinmodernsociety

标准答案：C

知识点解析：最后一段提到：有些homeschoolers并不是认为“学校教了一些异端

邪说，而是认为学校里教什么东西都不得其法”，因此C正确。A显然不是Galen

的说法，与题意不符；B文中没有提到；D歪曲了Galen的意思。

ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga"new"feature.

TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationon1,000peopleand

placesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionary:

Encyclopedic(百科全书的)EditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongman

DictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLDOCEplusculturalinformation.

Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly"cultural"aswell

aslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachthe

culturalelementisnotidentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.

Whilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedic,culturalentriesforthe

OxfordandLongmandictionaries,thereisacleardifference.Oxfordlaysclaimtobeing

encyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageand

cultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmore

vigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoes

nothesitateaboutviewing(herestoftheworldfrom(heculturalperspectivesofthe

English-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmore

distinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBC

WorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,

their1,000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedin

thenewsrecently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorld

ServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlistening

comprehension.Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwider

rangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwitha

situationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinct

socio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedand

evenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwill

notonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviews

about(hescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.

11、Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefrom

traditionalones?

A、Thecombinationoftwodictionariesintoone.

B、Thenewapproachtodefiningwords.

C、Theinclusionofculturalcontent.

D、Theincreaseinthenumberofentries.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题目问文章提及的那三本词典与以往传统词典的不同点是什么。根据

原文第2段第1句中的haveadistinctly“cultural”可知。除了语言学习的内容之外，

,,文化”要素正是这三本词典的独特之处。只有C说到了关键词cullural,符合题

意。故选C。

12、TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudicebecause

A^itsscopeofculturalentriesgoesbeyondthecultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld

B、itpayslittleattentiontotheculturalcontentofthenon-English-speakingcountries

C、itviewstheworldpurelyfromthestandpointoftheEnglish-speakingworld

D、itfailstodistinguishlanguagefromcultureinitsencyclopedicentries

标准答案：C

知识点解析：原文第3段第3句说到“牛津词典比朗文词典在文化偏见方面更能经

受住严格的审视，因为后者亳不犹豫地从英语国家的文化角度来看待世界其他各

地”，C与原文该句中because后的内容相同，故C为答案。

13、TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat.

A、ithasawiderselectionofencyclopedicentries

B、itismainlydesignedtomeettheneedsofradiolisteners

C、itlaysmoreemphasisonlanguagethanonculture

D、itisintendedtohelplistenersdeveloptheirlisteningcomprehensionskills

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第3段最后一•句说到：他们心目中预期的字典使用者是那些经常收听

“世界广播''并具有相当英语水平和高级听力技能的听众。可知B正确。A、C没有

原文依据；D故意歪曲文意。

14>Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat,inapproachingsocio-culturalconcentina

dictionary,specialthoughtshouldbegivento.

A、thelanguagelevelsofitsusers

B、thenumberofitsprospectivepurchasers

C^thedifferenttastesofitsusers

D、thevariousculturalbackgroundsofitsusers

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由最后一段第2句“我们不得不面对这样的情形：许多字典使用者至

少是有不同的社会文化观，也可能在世界观上与西方人截然相反，甚至敌对“可

知，字典使用者的不同文化背景是撰写过程中必须予以考虑的，也只有D说到了

关键词culturalbackground,故选D<,

15、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A、Differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenewEnglish

dictionaries.

B、Acomparisonofpeople'sopinionsontheculturalcontenlinthethreenewEnglish

dictionaries.

C、TlieadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLong-man.

D、Theuscr-fricndlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文第2段第2句统领下文，为文章的主题句，A概括了文章内容，

为正确答案。文章没有涉及人们对于这三本词典引入“文化”要素的看法，故排除

B；本文是全面地比较了三本词典的特点，而C则把BBCdictionary的优点作为文

章的主题，故排除C；D中“方便用户使用”这一概念未在文中凸现，也不是文章的

主题。

Onenightintheearly1600sGalileogottiredofusingthenewfangled（新花样

的）telescopetospotshipsandpointedittotheheavensinstead.Suddenlythemoonhad

mountains.AfleetofmoonsencircledJupiter.Andpeoplewouldneveragaingazeatthe

nightskyinthesameway.Nowastronomerslooked8,000light-yearsintothecosmos

withtheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Orbiting370milesup,abovecitylightsand（he

ripplingatmosphere,Hubblehasconfirmedtheexistenceofblackholes,revealeda

galleryofbizarregalaxies,andchronicledthecatastrophic（灾难的）explosionsofdying

stars.Notbadforasatellitethatinthebeginninghadsomethingofacatastrophic

reputationitself,Hubblewasliftedintoorbitwithgreatexpectationbythespaceshuttle

DiscoveryinApril1990.Almostimmediatelyitwasclearthattheprimarymirrorwas

misshapen（变形的）一nottotneextremebutenoughtopullsemelacecurtainsacross

Hubble's"windowontheuniverse."Thetelescope'struegoldenagebeganinDecember

1993,whenthecrewoftheshuttleEndeavorrodetotherescue.Withhingeddoorsand

modular（组合式的）parts,Hubblewasdesignedtobeservicedinspace.Likeroadside

mechanics,theastronautspulleduptoHubble,openedthehood,andinstalled

replacementparts.Theyincludedcorrectivemirrorsthatcanceledouttheexistingmirror

flaw.Inthefollowingmonthsastronomersmarveledatrazor-sharpviewsofauniverse

dizzywithexplodingstarsandcollidinggalaxies,stretchingofffromheretotheedgeof

eternity.Whenyoulookintospace,youarclookingbackthroughtime.Evenat186,000

milesasecond,lightrequiresameasurableamountoftimetogetfromoneplaceto

another.Sunlightbouncedoffthemoonrequiresasecond（oreachearth,sowhenyou

lookatthemoon,youareactuallylookingatthemoonasecondago.Withits

unobstructedview.Hubblecanlookbacksome11billionyears—just（wobillionyearsor

soafter（hecreationoftheuniverse-toseegalaxiesalreadyforming.Thesegalaxiesare

speedingawayfromus.Thefarthertheyare,thefasterthey'regoing—themostdistant

approachthespeedoflight.Inthe1920sastronomerEdwinHubblecameupwitha

formulathatexpressestheproportionalrelationshipofdistancesbetweenclustersof

galaxiesandthespeedsatwhichtheyaremoving.FortherestofusHubbleissimplythe

greatesttourguideever.TheEagleNebula'stoweringpillarsevokethesameaweasany

ancienttemple.TheviolenceofEtaCarinae'sexplosionisasheart-stoppingasthe

eruptionofavolcano.AndthankstoHubblewccanbegintoregisterthenotionthat

whileearthisourlocaladdress,wchaveanentireuniversethatwccancallhome.

16、From（hepassage,welearnthatHubble.

A、comesfromthenameofatouristguide

B、wasoriginatedbyGalileo

C、isregardedasoneofoursatellites

D、helpedconfirmtheexistenceofblackholesin1990

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第3段首句中的asatellite指的就是该句主句中的主语Hubble,结合

第2段第2句说到的哈勃望远镜在370英里的上空绕轨道运行，可以推断选项C是

正确的说法。虽然末段首句提到哈勃是“导游”，这是比喊的说法，表明哈勃把人类

带进了宇宙新世界，因此A是没有依据的；首段提到了伽利略和望远镜，是为了

引入本文的话题，并不表明哈勃望远镜是伽利略发明的，B不正确；原文虽提及

“证实黑洞的存在”和“1990年”两个信息点，但它们并不存在如选项D所说的关

系。

17、Itcanbeinferredfrom"...nottotheextremebutenoughtopullsomelace

curtains"(Lines3-4,Para.3)that.

A、(hereweresomeintricateflawsinHubbleso(hatitcouldnotwork

B、themistakeintheprimarymirrorledtoincorrectviewsoftheuniverse

C、Hubble'smirrorwasrenderedvaguedue