Unit5 单元语法和写作

2/2选择性必修三Unit5Poems单元语法及写作一、单元语法（定语从句）定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。PS:定语从句可以翻译成“...的”字。（一）、定语从句的结构：主句：含有被修饰的名词+从句：引导词+修饰名词的句子ThisisabookthatIboughtonline.、定语从句的用法：关系词关系代词指人whowhomwhosethat主宾表宾语定语主宾表指物whichwhosethat主宾表定语主宾表关系副词时间when在定语从句中作状语地点where原因why（三）、关系词的使用规则先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况当先行词为不定代词：all,both,neither,none,either,any,everything,nothing,something,anything,much,many,few,afew,little,alittle.当先行词被all,both,some,no,every,any,each,much等修饰时;当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修饰；当先行词即有人又有物时。先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。只能使用who不能使用that的情况当先行词为人称代词或指示代词：he,she,they,one(s),anyone,nobody，those,these等.当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；非限制性定语从句中关系代词的省略问题非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who,作宾语用who(m)均可，但是whom更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whose也可以放在介词后面：inwhosecar;fromwhosebook。非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all,both,each,many,most,neither,none,part,some,基数词，序数词，最高级）+ofwhich/whom。介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用where。该类词有：point,case,activity,system,situation,position,stage,occasion,job,race,letter,platform,email,environment,atmosphere等。IjoinedalotofactivitieswhereIlearntalot.as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：thesame…as;as…as;such…as;so…as。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。asisknowntoall众所周知 asisoftenthecase 这是常有的事asmight/couldbeexpected正如人们所预料的 ashasbeensaidbefore正如前面所说的ashasbeenmentionedabove正如上面所提到的 ashasbeenpointedout正如所指出的asoftenhappens正像经常发生的那样 aswillbeshown正如…所示Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.I.单句语法填空1.DrRowan,_______________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.2.Thefrightenedboys____________hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.3.Theonlypossessions____________Jocouldseewereonebroom,afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.4.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_____________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.5.Theresultoftheexperimentprovedtobeverygood,______________wasmorethanweexpected.6.Hewrotealetter_________________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.7.Istilldon’tknowthereason______________thesportsmeetinghasbeenputoff.8.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____________theweathermaybebetter.9.Onewriterin______________IhadtakenaninterestwasImmanuelVelikovsky.10.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon____________schooleducationdepends.II．用定语从句合并下列句子.1.I'mwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerfortheChinesePaintingExhibition.Itwillbeheldinyourartgallery.____________________________________________________________________________________________Ilivenextdoortoacouple.Theirchildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.____________________________________________________________________________________________Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach.Wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyballthere.____________________________________________________________________________________________OurgraduationwillbeheldinJuly.We’llsaygoodbyetoourteachersthen.____________________________________________________________________________________________Itisknowntousallthatthatgirlisselfishandshallow.____________________________________________________________________________________________III、用定语从句翻译下列句子1.正如报道的那样，抽烟的人的数量仅仅一年就下降了17%。____________________________________________________________________________________________我很感激MrWhite。没有他的帮助，我英语不可能取得如此大的进步。____________________________________________________________________________________________作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能独立的时候。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.令我失望的是，他又犯了相同的错误，他还没意识到这件事。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.昨天Lucy没有出席他的演讲，为此她向他道了歉。____________________________________________________________________________________________IV.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Therewasatime1____________IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2____________myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschoolwhenIfirstcametotheclub,3______________Imetmanystrangers,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4____________teacherwasYuMinhong,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5_____________Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayI’dliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6_____________wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7____________encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish,into8____________Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadwordsandpassagesaloud.Inclass,IjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep,Irecallthepassages,through9_____________Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10______________ourEnglishteachersays,“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheveryday,you’llconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”二、单元写作：Ashortessayaboutapoem谋篇布局：Part1abriefintroductionofthepoemPart2:thehighlightsofthepoem Part3:theoverallevaluationofthepoemI．典例详析我校将举行主题为“与诗同行，校园因诗歌而美”的首届校园双语诗歌节，请你为诗歌展廊写一篇余光中《乡愁》的英语赏析文章。WhenIwasyoung,homesicknesswasatinystamp,Meonthisside,Motherontheotherside.WhenIgrewup,homesicknesswasanarrowboatticket,Meonthisside,Brideontheotherside.Butlateron,homesicknesswasalow,lowgrave,Meontheoutside,Motherontheinside.Andatpresent,homesicknessbecomesashallowstrait,Meonthisside,Mainlandontheotherside.注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________a.关键词语：1.一首题目是……的诗______________________ 2.值得阅读__________________________2.无法形容，难以描述______________________ 4.受欢迎____________________________5.把比喻成__________________________ 6.祖国统一___________________________7.意境之美________________________________ 8.强烈的节奏_________________________9....的代表作/杰作_________________________ 10.对...有更好的了解___________________b.根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：1).这首题为《乡愁》的诗是余光中的杰作，在诗里他表达了对中国大陆的思念之情。(title,convey)____________________________________________________________________________________________2).这首诗很受全世界华人演讲家的欢迎，被收录在高中语文课本里，甚至被改编成歌曲。(include;adapt)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3).这首诗运用了比喻(metaphor),把乡愁比喻成“邮票”、“船票”、“坟墓”和“海峡”。(compare...to...)____________________________________________________________________________________________4).它把抽象的(abstract)感情变得具体(concrete),把诗人人生四个不同阶段的乡愁生动地描画了出来。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5).诗里的“小小的邮票”、“窄窄的船票”、“矮矮的坟墓”、“浅浅的海峡”赋予了诗歌强烈的节奏感。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6).这首诗语言简单，却能让读者感到意境之美。____________________________________________________________________________________________7).每当读起这首诗，我们都会为诗人对家人的思念和渴望祖国统一的愿望深深感染。（affect）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________连句成文（尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________实战演练：请根据唐朝诗人李绅的《悯农》，用英语写出这首诗的大意，并说明诗中所蕴含的作者的思想，以便向你的外国朋友解释。 SympathyontheFarmers Atnoon，farmersareweeding， Downthefield，sweatisdropping. Whoknowsriceonadish，Everygrainisfullofmoiling?注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit5单元语法和写作参考答案：一、I、1whose2who3that4where5which6where7why8when9whom10whichII、1I’mwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerfortheChinesePaintingExhibition,whichwillbeheldinyourartgallery.2Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmadealotofnoise.3Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeachwherewewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.4OurgraduationwillbeheldinJulywhenwe’llsaygoodbyetoourteachers.5Asisknowntousall,thatgirlisselfishandshallow.=Thatgirlisselfishandshallow,whichisknowntousall.III、1Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdropped/decreasedby17%injustoneyear.2I’mgratefultoMrWhite,withoutwhosehelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogressinEnglish.3Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongforthetimewhenhecanbeindependent.4Tomydisappointment,hehasmadethesamemistakeagain,ofwhichhehasn’tbecomeaware/whichhehasn’trealized.5LucywasabsentfromMrSmith’slectureyesterday,forwhichshemadeanapologytohim.IV.1when2why3where4whose5which6that/which7who8which9which10As写作：1apoemtitled... 2beworthreading/beworthyofbeingread/beworthytoberead3beyonddescription4bepopularwith/among5compare...to...6theunificationofourmotherland7thebeautyofimagery8astrongrhythm9themasterpieceof 10haveabetterunderstandingof连句成篇ThepoemtitledHomesicknessisthemasterpieceofYuGuangzhong,inwhichheconveyedhishomesicknessforChinesemainland.ThepoemissopopularwithChinesespeakersallovertheworldthatitisincludedinthehighschoolChinesetextbooks.Itisevenadaptedintoasong.Inthepoem,thepoetusesmetaphor,comparin