the translation of The Examined Run Why Good People Make Bette英语论文作业r Runners by Sabrina

摘要：翻译实践的原文本节选自SabrinaB.Little所著《跑步验证人生：为何品行良好的人能够成为优秀的跑者》一书的第七章，该章节探讨了跑步、幸福与痛苦之间的关系。原文本为呼唤型文本，其特点是通过情感的呼唤引起读者的共鸣或行动。以目的论为指导理论，采用了合适的翻译方法与技巧，对原文本进行翻译。以期使得译文既能准确传达原文的意思，又能符合目标语读者的表达习惯。针对词汇方面的专有名词，采用了直译加注法；针对名词化词语，采用了词性转换法，使得词意能够准确传达。在句子层面，对于被动句及含有被动语态的复杂句，采用了转换法，避免了被动结构直译的生硬；对于短句和短标题，采用了合译法和意译法，让译句更加符合中文表达习惯。对于原文中明喻、暗喻两种修辞手法，采用了直译、意译以及喻体转换的方法，使修辞手法的使用能够达到原作者期待的效果。关键词：呼唤型文本目的论翻译方法Abstract:ThesourcetextoftranslationpracticewaschosenfromTheExaminedRun:WhyGoodPeopleMakeBetterRunnersbySabrinaB.Little,whosechapter7talkstherelationshipbetweenrunning,happiness,andsuffering.Thesourcetextisvocativetext,whosecharacteristicisevokingparticularresponseoractionfromitsreadersthroughemotionalengagementorpersuasion.TakingSkoposTheoryasguidingtheory,theoriginaltextistranslatedwithsuitablemethodsandtechniques.Thesemethodsandtechniquesareusedtoconveythemeaningofsourcetextandmakethetranslationclosewiththetargetreaders.Thepropernounsaretranslatedwithliteraltranslationwithnotesandthenominalizationwordsaretranslatedwithwordclassconversiontomakesuretheaccuratetransferoforiginalwordsmeaning.Atthesyntacticallevel,forpassivesentencesandcomplexsentence,theconversionisappliedtoavoidawkwardliteraltranslationofpassivevoice;forshortsentencesandtitles,combinationandfreetranslationareusedtomaketextsentencesclosetotheChinesehabit.Forrhetoricaldevicesofsimileandmetaphor,literaltranslation,freetranslation,andmetaphortransformationareadoptedtoachievethedesiredeffectofauthor'suseofrhetoricaldevices.Keywords:vocativetextSkoposTheorytranslationmethodsTaskDescriptionThesourcetextistakenfromSabrinaB.Little'sbookTheExaminedRun:WhyGoodPeopleMakeBetterRunnersREF_Ref16643\r\h[1],whichwaspublishedbyOxfordUniversityPressonMarch1,2024.TheauthorcombinesthepersonalexperienceintheWorldSuperMarathonandyearsofrunningpracticetoexplorethecloserelationshipbetweenrunningandpersonalcharacter.Chapter7elaboratesonthedifferentsufferingsandhappinessthatordinarypeopleexperienceintheirdailylives,aswellasexplainshowtoachievetruehappinessthroughrunning.Theoriginaltextisvocativetext,aimingtoengagereadersemotionallyandpromptreflectionoraction.Asascholarhavenoted,“Thecorefunctionofvocativetextistocallonthereadertomakethedesiredresponseandaction,sotheinfectiousnessandreadabilityofthelanguageisthefirstpriority.”REF_Ref14111\r\h[2]Thismeansthatintranslation,notonlylinguisticaccuracybutalsotheemotionalimpactandrhetoricaleffectmustbemaintained.Whentranslatingvocativetexts,thetranslatorshouldusestrategiesthathighlightandintroducetheculturalbackgroundtothetargetaudience,inordertoachievetheoverallpurposeofthetext—convincingorpersuadingthereadertoactinaparticularway.REF_Ref187329912\r\h[3]Thismeansthattranslationshouldbefunction-oriented.Astheguidingtheoryofthetranslationpractice,SkoposTheoryemphasizesthatthemaingoaloftranslationistoenablethetargetreaderstohaveasimilaremotionalresponseandcognitiveeffectastheoriginalreaders.“Translationisapurposefulhumanbehavior.Moreover,translationisaboutproducingatextwithaspecificpurposeforasetgoalandachievingthatgoalinthetargetenvironment.”REF_Ref11034\r\h[4]SkoposTheoryisatranslationtheorythatisusedveryfrequentlybyscholarsinthefieldoftranslationstudies.“SkoposTheoryisauniversaltranslationmodel.ThemainconceptofSkoposTheorycanbeunderstoodasthetranslationpurposejustifiesthetranslationprocedure.Aslongasthetranslationpurposeisconsistentwiththeoriginalauthor'scommunicativeintention,SkoposTheorycanbeadopted.”REF_Ref11305\r\h[5]ConcerningthesignificanceofSkoposTheory,itsguidingrolecannotbeignored.Thus,thegreatattentionmustbepaidnotonlytolinguisticequivalencebutalsotohowtoconveytheemotionandphilosophicalideasoftheoriginaltextwithinadifferentculturalcontext.TranslationpracticehelpslearnhowSkoposTheoryguidestranslationtoensurethatthetargettextpresentsanemotionalandcognitiveresponseliketheoriginaltext.Atthesametime,translationpracticesummarizessomeusefultechniquesandmethodsfortranslatingvocativetext,andlaidafoundationforfuturetranslationwork.2.TranslationProcessesThemainpartsoftranslationprocessincludepre-translationpreparations,thetranslationitself,andpost-translation.2.1BeforetranslationAgoodtranslationcomesfromsufficientpreparationworkinadvance,becauseagoodstartishalfofsuccess.Beforestartingthetranslation,adetailedtextanalysiswasconductedtoidentifythelanguagestyle,structure,andlinguisticcharacteristicsoftheoriginaltext.Soseveraltimesofreadingweredone.InChapter7ofthebook,authorblendsabstractreasoningwithconcretelifeexperiences.Vocativecharacteristicsareevidentintheoriginaltext.Throughsourcetextanalysis,theclassificationofspecifictranslationissues,includingtherelevels:word,sentence,andrhetoric,wasdone.Thenextstepissearchingandreadingparallelvocativetextsandacademicarticlesonsportsethicstoensureaccurateusingofbothtechnicalandphilosophicalexpressions.AndTofurtherunderstandtheauthor'sintent,relevantliteratureonsportsphilosophy,endurancetraining,andvirtueethicswasreviewed.ThishelpedinknowingkeyterminologyandensuringthatphilosophicalconceptswereaccuratelyconveyedinChinese.NecessarypreparationworkhasbeencompletedtostudythetheoriesrelatedtovocativetextsandSkoposTheory.Accordingtothis,suitabletranslationstrategiesandmethodswerechosen.Abouttranslationtools,theOxfordAdvancedEnglish-ChineseDictionarywasusedforspecializedvocabulary.AndadditionalresourcessuchasCNKITranslationAssistantandcorpus-basedtranslationtoolswereemployedtoensureconsistencyandaccuracyinwordusage.2.2DuringtranslationDuringthetranslationprocess,carefulattentionwasgiventoensuringthepersuasivecharacteristicofthevocativetextwhileadaptingitforthetargetChinesereaders.Andensuringconceptsandmeaningsrelatedtosports,ancientGreekphilosophy,andethicsarenotmistakenlyconveyed.Thiscanlayasolidfoundationforsubsequentposttranslationreviewwork.Thefirsttranslationdraftwaswrittentoensurethebasicmeaningtransmissionandtheaccuracyofvocabularyusage.ThenextstepoftranslationworkwascreatingadocumentcomparingtheEnglishoriginaltextandChinesetranslatedtextparagraphbyparagraph.Whileencounteringambiguouswordsandsentences’structurewhichisdifficulttotranslate,multipleappropriatetranslationmethodsandtechniqueswereappliedtosolvetheproblems.AccordingtotheguidanceofSkoposTheory,variousmethodsweretakentoimprovethequalityoftranslatedtext.Afterwards,severaltimesofpolishingworkwerecarriedoutonthistranslationdrafttoensurelanguageclarityandexactness.AndEnglishexpressionswereconvertedintomorenativeChineseexpressions.Culturaladjustmentsweremadewherenecessarytokeepclosetiethroughreplacingunfamiliarimageswithlocalequivalentthingswhilepreservingthecoremessage.Grammaticalmistakeswereeliminated.Throughoutthetranslationwork,Thebasicframeworkofthetranslationhasbeenformed.2.3AftertranslationFollowingcompletionofthetranslationfororiginaltext,athoroughpost-translationjobwasimplementedtoensureoverallqualityofthetranslation.Firstproofreadingcarefullyexaminedlinguisticelementsincludinggrammarcorrectness,terminologyconsistency,punctuationaccuracyandwordprecisiontoeliminateerrors.Qualityevaluationwasmadebysupervisorandtargetreaderstocheckthereadabilityandfluencyoftranslation,especiallyemotionalimpactasavocativetext.Accordingtotheevaluationresult,thefollowingrevisionworkcontinued.Thesubsequentrevisionoptimizedtranslationthroughmultipleways,suchasenhancingexpressionaleffectivenessbyadjustingwordchoices,changingsentencestructure,andrhetoricaldevicestobetterresonatewithtargetreaders.Afteralltheseworks,thefinalChinesetranslationversionwasborn.3.CaseAnalysisInthissection,severaltypicalexamplesarechosentoconductcaseanalysis.Theseexampleswereclassifiedfromthreedifferentlevels:lexical,syntactical,andrhetoricallevel.Thefurtheranalysesareasfollows.3.1WordtranslationTranslationforwordsisvitalforconveyingtheemotionalandculturalnuancesoftheoriginaltext.“Vocabularyistheachievementofhumanlanguageandlifeexperience，andisalsothemostbasicfactorofanarticle.DuetotheculturalandcognitivedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese，therearegreatdifferencesintheselectionofcertainwords.”REF_Ref14309\r\h[6]WordtranslationinvolvesselectingsuitableChinesewordsthatpreserveboththeliteralmeaningandtheemotionoftheauthor,particularlyinvocativetexts’translation.AccordingtoSkoposTheory,thegoalistoachievethesameeffectonthetargetreadersastheoriginaltextdid.Thissectionexamineshowthepropernounsandnominalizationwordsweretranslated.3.1.1PropernounsTherearedifferentpropernounsindifferenttypesoftexts.Propernounsareusedtorepresentthespecificnamesofpeople,places,organizations,institutions,etc."Propernounsarespecificnounsthatrepresentpeople,places,things,etc.,andtheyexistinallaspectsofsociety."REF_Ref14580\r\h[7]Inordertohelpreadersbetterunderstandthepropernounsinthearticle,translationmethodssuchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,andtransliterationwithannotationcanbeemployed.Example1:Original:EudaimoniaisaGreekwordintroducedbyAristotlethatliterallymeans"goodspirit."(P42)Translation:幸福主义（eudaimonia在古希腊哲学中用来表示人类最高的善和真正的幸福）是亚里士多德提出的一个希腊词语，字面意思是“良好的精神”。（P26）Analysis:Themeaningsof"eudaimonia"are"happiness,well-being,joy,andperfection"inthecontextofancientGreekethicalthought.ItoriginatesfromanancientGreekword,whichmeans"gooddivinity,fate,andguardianspirit".Literally,itcanbeunderstoodas"beingblessedbygooddivinities".InancientGreekphilosophy,especiallyinAristotle'sethics,"eudaimonia"isusedasapropernountodenotethehighestgoodandtruehappinessofhumanbeings.Thiskindofhappinessisnotsimplypleasureormaterialenjoyment,butastateofperfectionachievedthrougharationallifeandmoralpractice,aharmonyandexcellenceofthesoul.Intheprocessoftranslatingthisword,theliteraltranslationwasadoptedtotranslate"eudaimonia"as"幸福主义".Meanwhile,anotewasadded:eudaimonia在古希腊哲学中用来表示人类最高的善和真正的幸福.Thatkindoftranslationcanachievethepurposeofenablingreaderstounderstandthemeaningofthepropernoun.Example2:Original:ThisinsatiabilityiscapturedbyPlatointheSocraticdialogue,Gorgias,SocratesandaSophist,orpaidteacher,namedCalliclesareengagedinadisputeabouttemperance,thevirtuethatgovernsdesires.(P40)Translation:柏拉图在《高尔吉亚篇》（古希腊哲学家柏拉图的一篇重要对话录）中，通过对话揭示了这种永无止境的欲望。故事中，苏格拉底与一位名叫卡利克勒斯的诡辩家讨论节制（temperance）这一美德。（P25）Analysis:Undertheguidanceofthefidelityrule,thetranslatedtextmustfaithfultotheoriginaltextandexpressthemeaningoforiginaltextaccurately.Sousingtheliteraltranslation,thepropernoun"Gorgias"isdirectlytransliteratedas"《高尔吉亚篇》".Thismaximallyremainsfaithfultothenameofthephilosophicalwork.Thiskindoftranslationavoidspotentialmisunderstandings,enablingreaderswhoarenotfamiliarwiththebooktoaccuratelyknowwhatitrefersto.Theannotationwithinthebrackets,"古希腊哲学家柏拉图的一篇重要对话录",istheprovidesreaderswithcrucialbackgroundknowledge.ItclearlypointsoutthattheauthoroftheworkisPlato,helpingreaderstopositionthework'sstatusinthehistoryofphilosophy.Themessageof"重要对话录"alsogivesreadersapreliminaryunderstandingofthegenreofthework.Theword"Gorgias"alonemayhavemultipleinterpretations.Itcouldbeaperson'snameorotherspecificterms.Throughaddingdetailedannotations,itismadeclearthat"Gorgias"hereisadialoguebyPlato,effectivelypreventingreadersfromconfusingitwithotherconceptsorthingsofthesamename.3.1.2NominalizationwordsThemeaningof"Nominalization"is"becomingnoun",whichisaterminlinguisticsreferringtotheprocessorphenomenonofconvertingotherpartsofspeech,suchasverbs,adjectivesandsoon,intonouns.InEnglish,nominalizationisusuallyachievedbyaddingspecificaffixes,suchas"-ion","-ity"andsoon.Thewordsafternominalizationhavethegrammaticalfunctionsofnounsinsentencesandcanserveascomponentssuchassubjects,objects,andpredicative.Itcanmakethelanguagemoreformalandobjective,andisoftenusedinformalstylessuchasacademic,scientific,andbusinesswritingtoreflectprofessionalismandauthority.NominalizationisanimportantlanguagephenomenoninEnglish,playingasignificantroleinenrichingvocabularyandimprovingtheaccuracyandflexibilityoflanguageexpression.Whentranslating,dependingonthedifferentpurposesofthetranslatororaccordingtodifferenttextgenres,onecanchoosetoretainorrestorethenominalizationsinthesourcetext.REF_Ref14871\r\h[8]IntheprocessoftranslatingfromEnglishtoChinese,thetranslationtechniqueofpart-of-speechconversioncanbeappliedtoconvertnominalizedEnglishwordsintoChinesewordsofotherpartsofspeechaccordingtotheneeds,soastobetterreachthetargetlanguagereaders.Example3:Original:Buttheyaredifficultinexecutionbecausealldoisrunforaday.(P31)Translation:但真正做起来却极具挑战，因为你真的得跑一整天。（P17）Analysis:Asanominalizedword,therootoftheword"execution"istheverb"execute",whichmeans"tofollowout"(执行，贯彻).Byaddingthesuffix"-tion",itisturnedintoanoun,meaning"执行、实施、处决(suchasadeathsentence)".Thiswordisinthecontextwheretheauthormakesastatementinorallanguage.Analyzingitincombinationwiththecontext,ifitisliterallytranslatedas"但它们在执行方面很困难，因为所做的一切就是跑一天",itwillseemratherstiffandawkwardtoread.However,when"execution"isconvertedintotheverb"做",theexpressionismorenaturalandfluent,conformingtothedailylanguagehabitsoftheChineselanguageandmakingiteasierforreaderstounderstand.Originally,asanoun,"execution"focusesonexpressingtheconceptorstateoftheactof"execution".Afterbeingconvertedintotheverb"做",itemphasizesmoreontheactionofactuallycarryingoutthisact,makingthetranslationmoredynamic.Itcanmorevividlyreflectthemeaningof"itisdifficulttotrulyimplementthesethings",enhancingtheexpressivenessofthelanguage.Example4:Original:Iaddressconsiderationsofnature,purpose,andsportsonthismodel.(P33)Translation:我会从自然、目的和体育的角度来考虑，并对这一模型进行探讨。（P18）Analysis:Intheoriginalsentence,theword"consideration"isanominalizedword,anditsbaseverbformis"considerate",whichmeans"考虑周到的".Whenthesuffix"-tion"isaddedtoformanoun,commonmeaningsof“consideration”include"考虑、思考".Whentranslatingthesentenceas"我会从自然、目的和体育的角度来考虑，并对这一模型进行探讨","consideration"istranslatedintotheverb"考虑",whichisatranslationtechniqueofpart-of-speechconversion.Ifitisliterallytranslatedas"我在这个模型中讨论了对自然、目的和体育的考虑",themeaningcanalsobeconveyed.Byconvertingnounintoverb,thetranslationnotonlyfaithfullyconveysthemeaningoftheoriginaltextbutalsomakestheexpressionmoreinlinewiththeChineselanguagehabit.Comparedwiththeliteraltranslationversionwithoutpart-of-speechconversion,thelanguageismorenatural.3.2SentencetranslationTranslationforsentencesinvolvesadjustmentofsentencestructureandorderofthesourcelanguagetofittheexpressionnormsofthetargetlanguage,whilemaintainingtheoriginalmeaningandensuringreadability.Thiscaninvolvestrategiessuchasrestructuringsentences,conversion,oradjustingtheuseofclausestoachieveanaturalflowinthetargetlanguage.Thegoalistopreservethecommunicativefunctionofthesourcetextwhilemakingthetranslationfluentandcoherentinthetargetlanguage.3.2.1PassivesentencesandcomplexsentencesInEnglish,particularlyinformalwriting,thepassivevoiceiswidelyused.Thisisbecauseitallowsthefocustobeplacedontheactionorresultinsteadofthedoer.Incontrast,Chinesegenerallyshowsapreferencefortheactivevoiceduetoitsdirectandclearnature.“IntheprocessoftranslatingfromEnglishtoChinese,translatorsneedtodealwiththepassivevoiceflexibly,avoidmechanicallycopyingthestructureoftheoriginaltext,andmakeadjustmentsaccordingtoChineselanguagehabitstoensurethefluencyandaccuracyofthetranslatedtext.”REF_Ref17111\r\h[9]WhentranslatingpassivesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese,therearevariouspracticalmethodsavailableforselection.Onecanconvertthemintoactivesentences,orkeepthesubjectoftheoriginalsentenceunchangedanddirectlytranslatethemintothepassivevoiceinChinese;itisalsopossibletoaddanappropriatesubjectaccordingtothecontext.Example5:Original:Andsomeformsofsufferingarechosen,suchasthediscomfortofrunninggreatdistances.(P32)Translation:还有一些痛苦，是我们主动选择去经历的，比如长跑时的身体疲劳和不适。（P18）Analysis:TheChinesetranslationskillfullydealswiththepassivevoiceinEnglish.Bytranslatingthepassivesentenceintoanactiveone,anaturaltransformationisachieved.Ifthepassivevoiceintheoriginalsentenceisretainedanditisdirectlytranslatedas"还有一些痛苦是被选择的",readerswillbeleftwondering:whatisthesubjectthatmakesthechoice?Transforming"arechosen"intotheactivevoice"主动选择"avoidsthestiffnessoftheliteraltranslationof"被选择".Thetranslationofthehalfofthesentenceas"还有一些痛苦，是我们主动选择去经历的"cannaturallyleadtothedescriptionofspecificformsofsuffering(thediscomfortduringlong-distancerunning)thatfollows.Sinceitfirstemphasizesthatthe"suffering"isactivelychosen,andthengivesanexampletoillustratethespecificformofsuffering,itmakesthecoherenceandfluencyofthewholesentencebetter.Example6:Original:Ifyouthinksomethingisforfeitedinthemarathonexperiencewhenitisnotreal,thenyouarelikemostpeoplefacedwiththiskindofthoughtexperiment.(P34)Translation:如果当你觉得在这样不真实的马拉松体验中，你似乎失去了一些东西，那么，你就和大多数参加这项思想实验的人有一样的想法。（P19）Analysis:Theoriginalsentenceisinthepassivevoice.Ifitisdirectlytranslatedas"如果当你觉得在这样不真实的马拉松体验中，某些东西被失去了",itisnotconformtothenaturalexpressionhabitsofChinese,anditwillseemstiffandawkward.However,whenitistranslatedas"你似乎失去了一些东西",itspassivevoicewasconvertedintotheactivevoiceismoreinlinewiththewayChinesespeakers’expressactionsandstates.Thatmakesiteasierforreaderstounderstandandaccept,andthereadingissmootherandmorenatural.Inthepassivesentence"somethingisforfeited",thedoeroftheactionisnotclear,whichmaymakereaderswonderwhoexactlycaused"somethingtobeforfeited".Thetranslatedactivesentence"你似乎失去了一些东西"clarifiesthatthesubjectoftheactionis"you",makingthemeaningclearerandmoreexplicit.Itavoidsthesemanticambiguitybroughtaboutbythepassivevoiceandimprovestheaccuracyofinformationtransmission.3.2.2ShortsentencesandtitlesAccordingtothetext’scontent,therearemanypersonalnarrativepartsinthepassage.Somanyoralshortsentenceswereusedintheseparts.Besides,throughouttheentirearticle,manyshorttitlesareusedtoconnectdifferentsections.“Ifitisimpossibletoconveytheessenceandmeaningoftheoriginaltextbydirectlytranslatingitintheoriginalwordorder,youcanbreakthroughtheoriginalwordorderandreorganizeitaccordingtothelogicalrelationship.”REF_Ref16572\r\h[10]Whentranslatingshortsentences,accordingtothespecificsituation,thesentenceordercanbeadjusted,andrecombinedtoachieveasmoothandnaturaltranslation.Additionandfreetranslationcanbeappliedinthetranslationprocessofshorttitlesfollowingtheirsmeaningandtextcontents.Example7:Original:ThereIsLifeontheOtherSideofOurGoals（P39）Translation:目标完成后的另一种生活（P24）Analysis:Inthetranslationofthissentence,bothSkoposTheoryandvocativetextanalysisplaysignificantroles.AccordingtotheSkoposruleofSkoposTheory,thetargettranslationmustbereader-orientedandsatisfythereadingneedofthem.Inthetranslation"目标完成后的另一种生活",whichmeanstheanotherlifeafterachievingagoal.Thepartofcontentsbehindtheshorttitleconveysthesenseofemotionallossanddifferentlifeaftercompletinganimportantcompetition.Theadditionof“另一种”,expressinganadditionmeaningof“different”.Besides,insteadofdirectlytranslating“ontheOtherSideofOurGoals”into“目标的另一边”,themethodoffreetranslationisappliedtotranslateitinto“目标完成后”.Thisisatypicalkindoffreetranslation,andmakesthetranslationmoresuitableforChinesereaders’culturalcontextandlinguistichabits.Example8:Original:SometimesIwakeuphappy.ThenIchecktheweatherreportandseethatitisrainy.Thismakesmesad.Ieatawaffle.Ilovewaffles.Theyarepancakeswithstoragespace;theyarewhatIimaginetheContainerStorewouldmakeiftheydesignedabreakfast.(P34)Translation:有时候，我早晨醒来感到愉快，但当看到天气预报显示下雨时，我又立刻变得沮丧。接着，我吃了一块华夫饼，而我超爱华夫饼——它们就像带存储空间的煎饼，简直是我想象中康泰纳零售连锁店（美国的一个收纳用品零售品牌）如果推出早餐产品会设计出的东西。（P20）Analysis:Theoriginaltextpresentsanemotionalchangethroughtwoseparatesimplesentences"Then...Thismakes...".TheChinesetranslationskillfullycombinesthetwosentencesinto"当看到...立刻变得".Theword"立刻"reinforcesthesharpchangeofemotionfromhappytofrustration.Thetwosentences"Ieatawaffle.Ilovewaffles"arecombinedinto"接着，我吃了一块华夫饼，而我超爱华夫饼".Theword"接着"playsaroleofChineseconjunction,andtheword"而"formsaprogressivesentence.ThatcombinationbreaksthefragmentednarrativeofsimpleEnglishsentences,makingtheactionof"eatingawaffle"andtheemotionof"lovingwaffles"connectnaturally,layingthegroundworkforthesubsequentexplanationofthereasonsforlovingwaffles.3.3RhetorictranslationThissectionmainlydiscussesthetranslationforrhetoricaldevices,analyzingtheproblemsfromrhetoricalperspectives:translationforsimileandmetaphor.Rhetoricaltranslationreferstoseekingequivalenceinmeaningandfunctionofrhetoricaldevicesbetweenthesourcetextandthetargettext.“Indailytranslationwork,translatorsnotonlyneedtostrengthentheirresearchondifferentrhetoricaldevicesbetweenChineseandEnglish,butalsoneedtobeflexibleandadaptable,sothatthetranslatedworkshavetherelevantelementsoftheoriginaltext,therebyenhancingtheculturalconnotationofthetranslatedworks.”REF_Ref6478\r\h[11]Bytranslatingrhetoricalparts,thecoherenceofdiscoursecanbeenhanced.“Inmosttranslationwork,thetwomostcommonlyadoptedmethodsareliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Bothofthesetwotranslationmethodshavecertainadvantagesaswellastheirowndisadvantages.”REF_Ref6569\r\h[12].Soanappropriatetranslationmethodcanbechosenaccordingtodifferentsituations.3.3.1SimilerhetoricFromtheperspectiveofrhetoricaltranslation,theChinesetranslationofEnglishsimilesisacross-culturalrhetoricalfunctionstransferprocess.Thetranslationofsimilerhetoricisconsideredcarefully,andtheliteraltranslationisthemostfrequentlyusingmethods.Butinsomespecialsituation,thesimilerhetoric’smetaphormustbereplaced.ThismeansspecificimagesinWesternculturecanbetransformedintofamiliarthingsinChinesethathavethesamerhetoricalfunction.Culturalacceptabilityisensuredbysubstitutingtheforeignimageswithnativeculture-orientedsimilevehiclestobeclosertoChineseculture.Example9:Original:Forexample,inalongrace,myemotionshavesomanyhighsandlowsthat,wereyoutoplotthemonagraph,itwouldlooklikeatopographicalmapoftheAndes.(P34)Translation:例如，在一场长跑比赛中，我的情绪起伏不定，如果把它们绘成图表，可能会像安第斯山脉的地形图，高低错落。（P20）Analysis:Thistranslationachievesthecross-culturaltransmissionofrhetoricaleffectsbypreservingtherhetoricaldevices.Intermsofthevehicleofthesimile,theprofessionalvehicleof"topographicmap"isretained,and"theAndes"isusedasageographicalorientation.Atthesametime,theChinesefour-characteridiom(高低错落)isadopted,whichnotonlymaintainstheuniquenessoftheoriginalsimilebutalsoensuresculturalcomprehensibility.Intermsoflogic,byaddingthehypotheticalguidingwords"如果...可能",theimplicitprocessofanalogicalreasoningismadeexplicit.Intermsofrhythmprocessing,“起伏不定”and“高低错落”formacatchyandrhythmicsentenceinChinese.Thefour-characterstructureeffectivelycompensatesforthephoneticbeautyoftheEnglishexpression"highsandlows".Example10:Original:Sometimesfatiguegrowsslowly,likeasparagus,whichtakesthreeyearstogrowfromseedtoharvest.Momenttomoment,wecanscarcelydetectitsgrowth;then,suddenly,wehaveanherbaceousplantworthofsuffering.（P32）Translation:有时疲劳增长得很慢，就像水滴石穿一样，从石头产生豁口开始到滴穿石头需要很长的时间。每时每刻，我们几乎无法察觉它的变化；然后，突然一瞬间，我们发现石头被滴穿，这就得到了一块被我们的疲劳的水滴所滴穿的石头。(P18)Analysis:Intheexamplesentence,theauthorusestherhetoricaldevicessimiletocomparetheaccumulatedfatiguetothegrowthofaplantasparagus.“Inresponsetothesituationwheretheimagesaredifferentbutthemetaphoricalmeaningsarethesame,wecanadoptthemethodoftransformingtheimagesandtranslatingoutthemetaphoricalmeanings.”REF_Ref6703\r\h[13]Ifusingaliteraltranslationmethodandmechanicallytranslateaccordingtotheoriginaltext,thissentencewillbetranslatedas"有时疲劳会慢慢增长，就像芦笋一样，从种子到收获需要三年时间。我们几乎无法察觉它的成长；然后，突然间，我们有了一株值得痛苦的草本植物".AsparagusisaplantcommonlyeatenbyEnglishandAmericanpeople,oftenappearingonthediningtableinapanfriedmannerandservedwithgrilledsteak.MostChinesepeoplehavenevereatenthisvegetable,andevenfewerpeopleknowthegrowthprocessofthisplant.Taking