Unit+1+Honesty+and+responsibility+词汇详解 高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit1HonestyandResponsibility（Grammar-ExtendedReading）词汇精讲cheatvt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊（7）【拓展】cheatsboutofsth.阻止某人得到某物；欺骗某人某物cheatsbintodoingsth.骗某人做某事cheatone’swayinto欺骗；蒙骗

cheatern.骗子；作弊者【同义词】tocheat/fool/trick/sboutofsth.tocheat/fool/deceive/betray/trick/sbintodoingsth.tocheat/trick/one’swayintosth.【熟词生义】cheatn.欺骗，行骗；作弊；骗子；作弊者；

欺骗行为

wrapvt.包，裹，用…缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料

【拓展】wrapsth.upinsth.包，裹（礼物等）wrapAupinBwrapBround/aroundA用…包裹（或包扎、覆盖等）wrapup伪装；使全神贯注；穿暖和的衣服bewrappedupinsb/sth.专心致志于；全神贯注于；完全沉浸于

parceln.包裹，小包；一块地vt.裹好，打

【拓展】partandparcelof不可缺少的一部分parcelsth.up

包；裹好；打包parcelsth.out把某物分开；把某物（在几个人之间）分

bown.蝴蝶结vi.鞠躬

【拓展】bowdownto/beforesb/sth鞠躬；点头；屈从于人；听任摆布bowoutof退出，告别（尤指一度成功的事业）disappointedadj.失望的，沮丧的词性：disappointv.(使)失望;使破灭,使落空

disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.失望disappointedlyadv.失望地【拓展】bedisappointedat/bysth.对某事感到失望bedisappointedwith/insb.对某人感到失望bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而感到失望bedisappointedthat....因....而感到失望【即学即练】1)The

singer

has

promised

to

refund(退款)

any____________

(disappoint)fans.2)Wegota____________(disappoint)messagethatanotherbuyerhadofferedamuchhigherprice.3)She

was

disappointed

not

___________(choose).4)They

__________________theresult

of

the

game.他们对比赛结果失望。5)________________________

(最令我们失望的)isthatthebossofthecompanyhasbeentryingtoescaperesponsibility.6)Asthetwinslookedaroundthem_______________

(失望地),theirfatherappeared.Whatdisappoints/disappointedsb.mostis/wasthat...最令某人失望的是····disappointone’shopesof...毁灭某人...的希望adisappointingresult一个令人失望的结果toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是indisappointment失望地disappointeddisappointingindisappointmentWhatdisappointsusmostto

be

chosenwere

disappointed

at

pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为【即学即练】(1)Whenhismothercamein,hepretended___________(do)hishomework.(2)Marypretended_____________(finish)herhomeworkandwentouttoplaywithherclassmates.(3)我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。(一句多译)①Shepretended__________________whenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademeupset.(宾语从句)②Shepretended_________________whenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademe

upset.(不定式)【拓展】

pretendtodosth假装做某事pretendtobedoingsth假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth假装做过某事pretendthat...假装...pretendoneselfto/as自诩为···pretendern.冒牌者;妄求者;妄提要求者pretendedadj.假装的;虚假的pretendadj.假装的;想象的(常为儿童语)(imginary)tobedoingtohavefinishedshedidn’tknowmenottoknowmeWesangsongsaroundapretendcampfire....itismypleasureandprivilegetowelcomeyouheretodayandpresentmythoughtsonthisspecialoccasion.(lines1-2)1)Itisagreatprivilege___________(know)you.

很荣幸认识你。2)Thispasswillprivilegeyou___________(attend)theclosedhearing. 有了这张通行证你便可以出席不公开的听证会。toattendtoknowtheanchorofthefamily全家的顶梁柱anchorsb/sthin/tosth使扎根；使基于beanchoredin基于；扎根mercyn.仁慈,宽恕;幸运,恩惠

【即学即练】1)Havinglostenginepower,thecrewontheboatfoundthemselves________________(任由...摆布)thewind.2)

____________(mercy),theyarrivedontime.3)一句多译：这位女士很善良，并且她对贫困的孩子很仁慈。Thewomanisverykindandshe_________________________

thepoorchildren.(mercy

n．)Thewomanisverykindandshe_____________________thepoorchildren.(merciful

adj.)【拓展】atthemercyof任…处置,对…无能为力leavesb/sthtothemercy/merciesofsb/sth听任某人可能受苦或受到虐待(而无能为力)throwyourselfonsb’smercy指望某人能够善待或宽恕自己ask/begformercy请求/乞求宽恕havemercyon/showmercyto对…怜悯withoutmercy残忍地;毫不留情地It'samercythat......真是万幸mercifuladj.宽大的,仁慈的;带来幸运的,给人解脱的mercifullyadv.仁慈地；幸运地bemercifulto...对...仁慈mercilessadj.残忍的;无慈悲心的ismercifultohasmercyon/showsmercytoatthemercyofMercifully【即学即练】1)I

think

the

owners

are

_________（有责任）for

not

warning

us.2)Shewashighlyself-criticalandalso_______________(挑剔)herfriends.3)__________________(不是他的过失)heisnotfamiliarwiththecustomshere.Afterall,hehasbeenhereforonlyaweek.4)Ask

for

a

refund(退款)

if

the

goods

are

________(fault).5)The

book's

virtues

far

outweigh

its________(fault).foundfaultwithat

faultItisnothisfaultthatfaultsfaulty【拓展】findfaultwith挑剔;批评;抱怨findfaultin看出…的缺点;找出…的毛病

beatfault有过错;有责任词性：faultyadj.有故障的，有缺陷的;(思维方法)有错误的faultlessadj.完美的；无缺点的It’sone’sfaultthat....是某人的过失

toafault过分，过度Barryisgeneroustoafault.virtuen.美德；正直的品性;优点【即学即练】1)The

plan

_________________simplicity.这项计划的优点是简单。2)She

got

the

job_____________(凭借)her

greaterexperience.3)Nowadays,AIhasanunlimitednumberofapplications.Fromautonomousvehiclestodomesticrobots,fromrecommendationsystemstocomputerswritingnovels.OrdinarypeoplearenowusingAItogetinstanttranslationsoftextinforeignlanguages,andmachinescanrecognizefingerprintsandevenfaces.However,theseundoubtedvirtuesalsobringconcernsandfears.Couldmachinesreallydevelophuman-likeintelligence?Andwhatwouldhappeniftheydid?......Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“virtue”probablymean?

A.CharacteristicsB.AspectsC.AdvantagesD.Prioritieshas

the

virtue

of

by

virtue

of【拓展】by/invirtueof依靠(bymeansof);由于

(=dueto/owingto/onaccountof/becauseof...)havethevirtueof具有…的优点

makeavirtueof利用某事物（常指无法改变的不利条件）Shemadeavirtueofheractinglimitationsbyjokingaboutthem.Thisway,youpractisethevirtueofintegrity.(lines25-26)integrityn.完整,完善,健全;诚实,诚恳,正直,廉正1).Wemustrespecteachother'sterritorialintegrity.2).Weallhaveaninterestinmaintainingtheintegrityoftheecosystem.3).Heisamanofthehighestintegrity.我们应当尊重彼此的领土完整。维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。他是个极其正直的人。

discouragedadj.灰心的,泄气的(近:disheartened/frustrated/depressed)【即学即练】1)Hemetwithmanyfailures,buthewasnot____________(discourage),stillhavingaburningdesiretoachievehisgoal.2)Itisreally____________(discourage)forustostandinlineformorethanonehourandthenbetoldthatwecan'tseethemanageruntiltomorrow.3)Hepersevereddespite______________(discourage)fromthosearoundhim.4)Thegovernmentshouldtakemeasuresto____________________________(劝阻人们吸烟)．5)Theyclaimthatsomecomputergamesencourageviolentbehaviorinyoungchildren.________discourageddiscouragingdiscouragementdiscouragepeoplefromsmoking【拓展】discouragesbfromdoingsth.劝阻/阻止某人做某事(stop/keep/prevent...fromdoingsth)prohibit/forbid/bansbfromdoingsth禁止某人做某事encouragevt.鼓励;激励;鼓动;促进;助长;刺激encouragingadj.鼓舞人心的encouragedadj.受到鼓舞的encouragementn.鼓励;激励;起激励作用的事物encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事;刺激某人做某事

词性：discouragingadj.使人沮丧的;令人气馁的discouragev.使泄气,使灰心;使打消念头,劝阻;阻碍discouragementn.气馁;挫折;劝阻

助长【即学即练】1)Theresponsibilitiesofhernewjobweighheavily_______her.2)You'dbetterweigh_______theprosandconsbeforesettlingonyourchoice.3)Imust______________(字斟句酌)toavoidanymisunderstanding.4)Heis____________withguilt.他由于内疚而心神不定。5)A

healthy

baby

usually

_________(weigh)6

pounds

ormore.6)___________(weigh)200kilograms,thestoneisdifficultforhimtolif