高考英语总复习：阅读理解+七选五阅读（第4组）

阅读理解+七选五阅读(原创题组练)

第四组

I.阅读理解

A

PublicSpeakingisdesignedtoimproveyourunderstandingofthecommunication

processanddevelopyourskillsasapublicspeakeraswellasacriticofpublicspeech.

Assignments

Throughoutthecourse,youwilldeliverfourpreparedspeechesofincreasinglengthand

complexity.Youwillprepareanoutlineforeachspeech.Youwillalsowritetwoshortpapers

thatanalyzevariousaspectsoforalpresentationandrhetoric.

Speechtointroduce:In(roduceyourselfin2minutes.Thegoalisforyouraudienceto

rememberyournameandlearnsomethingaboutyou.

Speechtoteach:The4-minutespeechwillteachyouraudienceaboutanideaorhowto

dosomething.Theemphasisisonorganizationaswellasonestablishingcommongroundand

credibility.

Speechtoinitiateanaction:Youhave6minutestopersuadeyouraudiencetotakea

specificaction.Thcfocusisonmotivationandfollow-through.

Speechtochangeanattitude:Youhave8-10minutestochangeyouraudience'sattitudes

toatopicthatyouwillhavepre-testedforagreementordisagreement.Theemphasisison

argumentation,credibilityandpersuasion.

Interviews:Youwillreceivein-classcoachingonhowtopersuasivelycommunicateyour

skillsinajobinterview.

Analysisofafamousspeech:Writeanessaythatanalyzestherhetoricalstrategiesused

inafamousspeechofyourchoosing.

Self-assessment:Thepurposeofthiswrittenassignmentistoassessyourworkinthe

course.

Grading

Oralpresentationsandwrittencomponents:90%

*Speechtointroduce(5%)

"Speechtoteach(10%)

*Speechtoinitiateanaction(20%)

"Speechtochangeanattitude(30%)

*Analysisofafamousspeech(20%)

"Self-evaluation(5%)

Classparticipation:10%

1.Whichassignmentstressesmotivationandfollow-through?

A.Speechtoteach.

B.Speechtoinitiateanaction.

C.Speechtointroduce.

D.Speechtochangeanattitude.

2.Howmuchdoeswrittenworkaccountfor?

A.25%.B.30%.

C.35%,D.55%.

3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anacademicarticle.

B.Alessonplan.

C.Aspeechannouncement.

D.Acourseguide.

B

Thethreemostimportantwordsyoucouldeverhearwhenitcomestopersonalfinance

are“payyourselffirst”.That'sthewayordinarypeoplewithordinaryincomesalloverthe

worldbecomeniillionaires:theypaythemselvesfirst.

Beforewegetintowhatitmeanstopayyourselffirstandwherethemoneyshouldgo,!

wanttosharesomestatistics.TheaverageAmericanisgoingtoworkover90,000hoursin

theirlifetime,andunfortunatelyformostAmericans,they'regoingtohavenothingtoshowfor

itfinancially.

AccordingtoGOBanking,66percentofAmericanscan'tgettheirhandson$1,000in

caseofanemergency.Sevenoutof10workingmenarelivingpaychecktopaycheck,asare

eightoutof10workingwomen.TheaverageAmericanhasjustsixdaysofexpensesset

aside.Wehavetodosomethingtofixthis.Whatweshouldbedoingisteachingourkidsabout

moneyinmiddleschoolandhighschool,butuntilthen,myhopeisTheLatteFactorwill

provideyoungpeoplewithafinancialeducation.

So,whatdoesitmeantopayyourselffirst?Itmeansyouhavetogetfinanciallyselfish

andsetyourselfupsothatyou'rethefirstpersonpaidwhenyouearnapaycheck.I

recommendataminimumthatyousavethefirsthouradayofyourincomeandhaveit

transferred（转账）ofitselffromyourpaycheckintoaretirementaccount.

Whicheveraccountyouchoose,thekeyisthatthemoneygetstransferredwithoutyou

havingtotouchit.We'renottalkingaboutbudgetingordisciplinehere.We5retalkingabout

nohumanintervention.InTheLatteFactor,HenryshowsZoeyhowmuchmoneyshecould

saveifsheearned10percentannualinterest.Wehaveotherchartsinthebookthatshowwhat

thesavingswouldbewithinterestratesrangingfrom2percentto12percent.Butthenumber

thatmattersthemostwhenitcomestosavingandinvestingisyoursavingsrate.Inother

words,howmuchareyousaving?

4.Whydoestheauthormentionsomestatistics?

A.Tosupporttheargumentabove.

B.Toexplainacomplicatedconcept.

C.ToexposemostAmericans'financialsituation.

D.ToshowtheproblemofincomeinequalityintheUS.

5.Whatistheauthor'sprobablesuggestionaccordingtothetext?

A.Givingsupporttothedisadvantaged.

B.Offcringfinancialcoursesinuniversity.

C.Creatingmoreemploymentopportunities.

□.Popularizingfinancialknowledgetoteenagers.

6.Whatplaysanimportantroleinthe“payyourselffirsfstrategy?

A.Strictbudgeting.

B.Strongself-discipline.

C.Regularfinancialplanning.

D.Automaticmoneytransfer.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AFinancialEducationBook

B.LearntoManageYourMoney

C.MeetYourFinancialChallenges

D.Americans'PoorFinancialSituation

Ireceiveonlineevaluationsofmyteachingeveryyear.Iamcriticizedorjudgedfrommy

facialexpressionstoclothingchoices.AsanewprofessorItookthenegativefeedback

personally.Everywordwasablowtomyspirit,leavingmehurtandquestioningmyworth.

However,asIgainedexperienceteachingdifferentclasses,!startedtonoticepatterns一

notjustinthefeedbackitself,butinmyreactionstoit.Thesamequalitiesthatmademesome

students'ubestprofessor"wereexactlywhatothersfound“annoying“ormademyclass”a

wasteoftime”.Theevaluationswereasmuchaboutstudents5diversepreferencesand

expectationsasaboutme.IrealizedImaynotbeforeveryone,butIcankeepteachingina

waythatistruetomyvalues.

About10yearsago,ahandwrittencardfromaformerstudenthammeredthatlesson

home.Tomyshock,theyadmittedtheyhadoncehatedmyclass,andevenme.Yetinthatsame

note,thestudentthankedme-formystickingtomyprinciplesasaresponsibleteacherand

refusingtoletthemfadeintothebackgroundandforholdingontohopeforthemwhenthey'd

lostitthemselves.

Readingthosewords,IunderstoodthatIdon'thavetocarrytheweightofotherpeople's

challengesoropinions.Myfocusshouldbeonstayingtruetomyselfandbeingthebest

professorIcanbe—notontryingtochangehowothersperceiveme.Byshiftingmyfocus

awayfrombeingliked,!caninvestmyenergyintomeaningfulwork.

Inlearningtotakecriticalfeedbacklesspersonally,Pvcalsodevelopedtheabilityto

distinguishconstructiveinputfromattacksorirrelevantcomments.IhavealsorealizedIdon't

needtotakeallfeedbackequallyseriously.Thoughtfullyconsideringeachcommentis

important,butsoisidentifyingwhichonessupportmygrowthandeffectivenessasan

educatorandwhichdonot.

Nowinmy25thyearasanacademic,!amcertainthetruelegacy（遗产）ofaneducator

isn'twritteninwarmingevaluationsoruniversalapprovaLIfsleftintheliveswetouch,the

mindswechallenge,and（heheartsweinspire.

8.Whatisreflectedfromthestudents'evaluations?

A.Abadworkmanquarrelswithhistools.

B.Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing.

C.Aperson'smeatisanotherperson'spoison.

D.Wealwaysjudgepeoplebytheirappearance.

9.Whathelpedtheauthorwinthepreviousstudent'srespect?

A.Hisstickingtoteachingprinciples.

B.Hisresponsetodifferentopinions.

C.Hisenormousprofessionalknowledge.

D.Hiscarefbrstudents*innerfeelings.

10.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph5?

A.Theimportanceofbeneficialfeedback.

B.Theconstructiveadvicefromthefeedback.

C.Theauthor^attitudetowardthefeedback.

D.Theinfluenceofthefeedbackontheauthor.

11.Whatisthereallegacyofaneducator?

A.Highevaluationscores.

B.Influenceonstudents5lives.

C.Universalstudentapproval.

D.Innovativeteachingmethods.

D

Buildingrobotstoplaypingpongisachallenge.Theproblemrequiresaunique

combinationoftechnologies,includinghigh-speedmachinevision,fastandflexible

motors,preciseroboticarmcontrol,andaccurate,real-timeprediction,aswellashigher-level

planningofgamestrategy.

“Ifyouthinkofthecontrolproblemsinrobotics,wehaveononeendmanipulation（操

纵）,whichisslowandprecise,suchaspickingupanobject.Ontheotherend,youhave

locomotion（运动）Joneresearcherexplains/'Pingpongsitsinbetweenthose.You'restill

doingmanipulation,duringwhichyouhavetobepreciseinhittingtheballwithin300

milliseconds.”

MostrecentlyOmronandGoogleDeepMindcreatedalightweight,high-powerrobotic

arm.Thearmhasfourjoints,ordegreesoffreedom,whichareeachcontrolledbyanelectrical

motor.Theteamfixedtheroboticarmtoatablealoneendofastandardping-pongtableand

seiuphigh-speedmotioncapturecamerasaroundthetabletotrackballsthatarebouncedat

therobot.Theyalsodevelopedcontrolalgorithms（算法）thatpredict,basedontheprinciples

ofmathandphysics,whatspeedandpaddle（球拍）directionthearmshouldperformtohitan

incomingballwithaparticulartypeofswing:topspin.drive,orbackspin.

Afterbouncing150ballsatthearm,theyfoundtherobot'shitratewasaboutthesame

forthreetypesofswings:88.4percentfortopspinstrikes,89.2percentforbackspin,and87.5

percentfbrdrives.Theyhavesincetunedtherobotsreactiontimeandfoundthearmhits

ballsfasterthanexistingsystems,al20meterspersecond.

Intheirpapentheteamreportsthatthespeedatwhichthepaddlehitsthebalkison

average11meterspersecond.Advancedhumanplayersreturnballsatspeedsofbetween21

to25meterssecond.

“Someofthegoalofthisprojectistosaywecanreachthesamelevelofathleticismthat

peoplehave,“oneresearchersays."Andintennsofstrikespeed,we'regettingreally,really

close.”

12.Whichaspectofaping-pongrobotismentionedinparagraph2?

A.Itsflexibilityinmovements.

B.Itsadvantageinsensingaball.

C.Itsvariousplanningofgamestrategy.

D.Itshigh-speedprecisioninhittingaball.

13.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph3?

A.Robotping-ponggamerules.

B.Thespecificphysicsprinciples.

C.Tcchnicaldesignofping-pongrobot.

D.Thenumberofhigh-speedcameras.

14.Whatdothefigureslistedshow?

A.Therobot'sstrikespeedisfasterthangoodplayers.

B.Therobot'saccuracyofreturningtheballisabove80%.

C.Differenttypesofswingareofthesamedifficultylevel.

D.Theshortertherobot'sreactiontime,theslowerthestrike.

15.Howdoestheresearcherfeelabouttherobot'sperformance?

A.Content.

B.Annoyed.

C.Unexpected.

D.Embarrassed.

II.七选五

Everyhouseholdhasthem-expired（过期的）medicine.16Butdidyouknowthat

thesesmallactionscanhaveabigimpactonourenvironment?

Whenmedicinesarewashedawayorburiedinlandfills,theiractiveingredientscanenter

soilandwater,harminglifeinwaterandpollutingourdrinkingwater.Besides,improper

disposalcontributestothegrowingproblemofantimicrobialresistance（抗生素耐药性）.It

makescommoninfectionshardertotreat.

17Asimpleguidetohelpyoudealwiththemtherightway-withoutharmingthe

environment.YouHIbesurprisedhoweasyitis.

First,don'twashthemaway.Washingawaypillsmayseemlikeaneasyfix,butthis

allowschemicalstoenterwatersystems,furtherpollutinglargerwaterbodies.18Putthe

mixtureinasealedbagorcontainerandthrowitwithhouseholdwaste.Thisdiscourages

misuseandkeepsstreetcleanerssafe.

Donate—butcarefully.Ifthemedicinesareunopened,unexpired,andstoredwell,you

couldconsiderdonatingthemtoclinics,butalwaysconfirmiftheyacceptsuchdonations.

Expertsbelievethatmanycountriesneedastructureddrugtake-backsystem.19But

beforethereisonesysteminyourcountry,awarenessiskey.Healthcareworkersandcitizens

mustbeinformedabouttheharmofimpropermedicinedisposal.

Wheneachofusmakestheefforttodisposeofmedicinestherightway,wecontributeto

acleaner,healthierfuturc.Sothenexttimeyouopenyourmedicinedrawerandspotexpired

medicine,remember:2（）

A.So,whatcanyoudo?

B.lt'snotjustwaste—it'saresponsibility.

C.Thegovernmentandhospitalsaretoblame.

D.Tosolvethisproblem,wemustraiseourawareness.

E.CountriesliketheUSandtheUKhavewell-establishedsystems,

b.lnsteadjnixmedicineswithsomethingunpleasantlikecoffeegrounds.

G.Mostofuseitherwashthesedownthetoiletorthrowtheminthebin.

答案：

I.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了PublicSpeaking这项课程的教学

目标、教学内容以及考核方法。

1.B细节理解题。根据Assignments下的第四段“Speechtoinitiateanaction:Youhave6

minutestopersuadeyouraudiencetotakeaspecificaction.Thefocusisonmotivationand

follow-through.”可知,Speechtoinitiateanaction这个任务强调动机和坚持到底。故选B

项。

2.A细节理解题。根据Assignments下的最后两段以及Grading下的“Analysisofa

famousspeech(20%),,uSelf-evaluation(5%),,^T知，书面工作占25%。

3.D推理判断题。根据第一段以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了PublicSpeaking这

项课程的教学目标、教学内容以及考核方法，所以最有可能来自选课指南。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人令人担忧的财务现状,并针对

这些问题提出了储蓄方面的相关建议。

4.C推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Befbrewegetintowhatitmeanstopayyourselffirst

andwherethemoneyshouldgo...”以及第三段中“Wehavetodosomethingtofixthis.“可

知,作者列出这些数据是为了介绍目前大多数美国人的财务窘境。

5.D细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whatweshouldbedoingisteachingourkidsabout

moneyinmiddleschoolandhighschool”可知,作者建议应该在初中和高中教孩子们关于

金钱的知识。

6.D推理判断题。根据文章第五段中"'Whicheveraccountyouchoose,thekeyisthatthe

moneygetstransferredwithoutyouhavingtotouchit.We'renottalkingaboutbudgetingor

disciplinehere.We,retalkingaboutnohumanintervention."可知,"payyourselffirst“的关键

是自动转账，从工资账户转账到储蓄账户时不被人为二预，而不是靠预算或自律。

7.B主旨大意题。本文开篇提出个人理财中最重要的“payyourselffirst”概念，接着阐述

美国人的财务现状，解释该概念的含义和关键做法，因此B选项可以概括文章中心。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从最初看到学生评议时的难

过、崩溃到后来学会认真面对这些不同的声音，秉持为人师表的原则而获得学生敬佩的

故事。

8.C推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thesamequalities(hatmademesomestudents''best

professor,wereexactlywhatothersfound'annoying'ormademyclass'awasteoftime'."可

知，作者从学生们的评议中发现有人喜欢他的一个特点,而有人则讨厌他的这个特点，也

就是“萝卜青菜，各有所爱

9.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yetinthatsamenote,thestudentthankedme一formy

sti