选择性必修三Unit3 Back to the past教材知识新课预习（寒假预习讲义）原卷版

第03讲Unit3Backtothepast（选择必修三）

——•模块导航•————•学习目标•——

模块一思维导图串知识语言能力：理解和掌握表语从句的用法及功能，把握历史文章

模块二基础知识全梳理（吃透教材）的语篇结构和语言特征；

模块三教材习题学解题文化意识：了解历史事件，反思历史，珍爱和平，树立人类命

模块四核心考点精准练运共同体意识；

模块五小试牛刀过关测思维品质：能运用事实来阐释观点，提高思维能力：

学习能力：通过观察、比较和总结等手段，概括语篇的文体、

语言和结构的特点。

模块一思维导图串知识

3模块二基础知识全梳理---------------

单元知识点

单元词汇

1.onbehalfof代表（或代替）；为帮助，为了

［教材原句］Between1405and1433,onbehalfoftheMingDynasty,ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.

1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。

（Donbehalfof只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”

（2）represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物（书、雕塑等）表现的是什么”和

“把某人/物描绘成什么”

（3）standfor往往用来表示“（字母、数字、符号等）代表/象征什么”

2.loadW.&近.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量

［教材原句］Hisshipswereloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,andthefleet

paidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countriesandregions.

他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行

了友好访问。

load...with...load...wi（h...用...装载....

（2）takealoadoffone'smind打消某人的顾虑

（3）loadsof=aloadof许多；大量（修饰可数或不可数名词）

［联想发散］

load装载unload卸下

pack把……打包unpack打开（包裹等）取出

cover覆盖；遮蔽uncover打开……的盖子

fold折叠；对折unfold打开；展开

3.strengthenvt.&vi.加强，增强

［教材原句］ZhengHe'seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesand

regions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.

郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国

对海外诸邦的了解。

(1Strength［C］长处;强项；［U］力量;体力

buildupone'sstrength/body强身健体

withallone'sstrength用尽全力

strengthsandweaknesses优点和缺点

(2)strongadj.强壮的

4.dismissvt.不予考虑，对..不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散

［教材原句］Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissed(herecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.

多年来，一班历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。

dismiss...as...因认为...而不予以考虑

dismiss...fromone'smind从头脑中摒除....»不再考虑....

dismisssb.fromsth.解除某人...职务

dismisssb.forsth.因某事解雇某人

5.acknowledgevt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢

［教材原句］ZhengHe'sacplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged»andheisrememberedasoneofChina'smost

iiiflucnlialexplorers.

郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。

(^acknowledge..」。be/as...承认...是/为....

acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth,承认做了某事

Itis(widely)acknowledgedthat…人们(普遍)认为...

(2)acknowledgementn.承认；感谢;收件复函

inacknowledgementof为感谢...

I名师点津］acknowledge表示“承认做了某事“，其后可接动名词，也可接that从句，但通常不接不定式。

6.insistvi.&W.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说

［教材原句］ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlantic

Ocean.

哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。

insistondoingsth.执意继续做

insiston/uponsth.坚决要求

insistthat...坚持认为...；坚决要求....

［名师点津］insistthat...

(I)作“强调；坚持认为“时，从句用陈述语气；

(2)作“坚持要求，坚决主张”时，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形"，should可

以省略。

7.panic〃•惊慌；恐慌近.&%(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措

［教材原句］Themenonboardwereinpanic.

船上的人们都陷入了恐慌。

(l)inpanic惊慌失措地

getintoapanic陷入恐慌

(2)odoingsth.使...惊慌地做某事

［名师点津］注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panickedo

8.convincevt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说

［教材原句］ColumbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislandsIndiansbecausehewasconvincedthathewasinthe

EastIndies.

哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。

(1Convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事

convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事

convincesb.lhat...使某人相信...

(2)convincedadj.确信的；坚信不疑的

beconvincedofsth.确信；坚信；深信

beconvincedthat...相信...

(3)convincingadj.令人信服的；有说服力的

9.astonishvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊

［教材原句］TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhewrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMing

Dynastywas.

记录表明，来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到很震惊。

(I)Ilastonishessb.lhat...令某人惊讶的是...

(2)astonishingadj.令人惊讶的

(3)astonishcdadj.感到惊讶的

beastonishedat/bysth.因/对某事感到惊讶

beastonishedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶

(4)astonishment〃.惊讶;惊异

toone'sastonishment令某人吃惊的是

inastonishment惊讶地,惊奇地

1().abandonvt.放弃;遗弃；抛弃；中止；使放纵；使听任〃.放任；放纵

［教材原句］Afterreceivingtheordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingtheminto

thelifeboat.在接到弃船的命令后，路易又从水里救上来更多的人，将他们拖到救生艇上。

(l)abandononeselfto...沉湎于...；纵情于....

abandondoingsth.放弃做某事

(2)withabandon尽情地;放纵地

(3)abandoncdadj.被遗弃的：放纵的

beabandoned(o沉湎于...

11.confusionn.困惑，混乱

|教材原句Jinthechaosandconfusionaftertheattack,theUSNavysentamessagetohisfamilythatLouishad

beenkilledintheattack.

在袭击之后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人送去消息，称路易已经在袭击中遇害。

(l)inconfusion困惑地,困窘地:乱七八糟,处于混乱状态

(2)confuseM使糊涂，使迷惑，打乱，混淆

confuse...with...把...和....混淆

(3)confusedn力.糊涂的，迷惑的

bc/gctconfusedabout...对...感到疑惑

(4)confusingadj.难以理解的；使人困惑的

单元句型

1.with的宾语补足语

［教材原句］Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard,whichwasa

splendidscene.

•支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行，船上有近2・8万人，场面十分壮观。

〃形容词/副词

介词短语(表示方式或伴随状态)

with+

,＜现在分词(表示主动或进行)

过去分词(表示被动或完成)

、不定式(表示将来)

【名师点津】

(1)在with复合结构中，现在分词作宾语补足语时强调动作正在进行，且宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的

主调关系。

(2)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表示被动与完成，且宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；

不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，只表示动作已完成。

(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语时表示一个还未发生的动作。

2.现在分词作状语

［教材原句］ZhengHe'seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions,

exposingforeignDeopleloChinesecullure.andallowingiheChinesei()belterunders〔andoverseaslands.

郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国

对海外诸邦的了解。

⑴现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从

句。

⑵现在分词作状语时，句子主语是现在分词动作的执行者，主语与现在分词是主动关系。

(3)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有•般式(doing)、完成式(havingdone)以及完成被动式(havingbeendone)。

(4)一般情况下，现在分词作状语E寸，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主

语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

(2)现在分词(短语)充当结果状语时，常指自然而然的结果，不定式(短语)也可充当结果状语，常指出乎意

料的结果。

【巩固练习】

L根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。

1.I'mverygladtoputonaperformanceherebehalfofourschool.

2.Atrain(load)withgoods,includingdailynecessities,machineryandequipment,leftTaiyuanon

ThursdaymorningforMersininsouthernTurkey.

3.ThroughoutExpoOsaka2025,theChinaPavilionhasalsohostedawiderangeofculturalactivities

(strengthen)theunderstandingbetweenChinaandtheworld.

4.Thesepotentialsideeffects,howeverraretheymightoccur,wouldberisky(dismiss)without

consideringthelongtermwellbeingofthepatients.

5.Weherasanexpertwhosebythecityinspiredothers,(acknowledge)

6.Heonreadingeveryday,andhishashelpedhimaccumulatealotofknowledge,(insist)

7.Thelittleboy(panic)whenhelostsightofhismotherinthecrowdedshoppingmall.

8.(convince)thattheresultsoftheexperimentwereaccurate,thescientistspublishedtheirfindingsina

topjournal.

9.Theactorwasstaringatthenotewithan(astonish)lookonhisface.

10.Ductohisterriblecough,hewasadvisedtoabandon(smoke).

H.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。

onbehalfofinsistonbeloadedwithinchaos

contrarytoallowforregardlessof

1.Thevolunteersaimtohelpvictimsofdisasterstheirraceornationality.

2.Whenarrangingourwork,weshouldunforeseencircumstances.

3.theStudents'Union,I'mwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusaspeechonChinesehistory.

4.Ifyourdietvegetables,fruits,wholegrainsandbeans,you'llbegettingalotoffiber.

5.Shebeingpresentatalltheinterviewsalthoughshewasnotherself.

Ill.完成句子

1.Allinall,studyingabroadwhileforall.（根据句意完成句子）

2.Thesilencewassuddenlybrokenwhenalargecar,withanditshornblaring,roareddown

thearcade.（根据句意填空）

3.刚刚传来的好消息使我们保持乐观。（keep+宾语+宾补）

Thegoodnewsthathasjuste.

4.在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。（with+宾语+宾补）

insuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.

5.你可以想象，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，情况会很严重。（as引导非限制性定语从句；burn）

,ifyourskin,iicanbeveryserious.

单元语法

表语从句

考点1that引导的表语从句

thal引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略＜1如果主句的主

语是表示建议、命令等的名词（如advice,suggestion,proposal,order等），那么表语从句要用虚拟语气，即

从句谓语用“should+动词原形“，should可以省略。

考点2whether引导的表语从句

whelher引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引导表语

从句。

考点3连接代词引导的表语从句

连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导表语从句时，除了在句子中起连接作用外，还在从句中

作成分。

考点4连接副词引导的表语从句

连接副词where,when,why,how等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当地点、

时间、原因、方式等状语，本身有词义。

考点5asif/asthough引导的表语从句

asif/asthough引导的表语从句常置「系动词look,seem,sound,be,bee,feel等后面。

考点6表语从句的特殊句式

1.This/That/Itis/wasbecause...这/那是因为...

句中because引导表语从句，this/that/it表示结果，从句表示原因。

2.This/That/Itis/waswhy…这/那就是..的原因。

句中why弓I导表语从句，this/lhat/it表示原因，从句表示结果。

3.Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat.........的原因是....

句中why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,that引导表语从句。

【巩固练习】

1.Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksit'sgoingtorain.

2.Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolishemissedthebus.

3.Sheofteneslate.That,sshehasababytotakecareof.

4.ThemostimportantpersoninmylifeisalwayssupportsmewhenIamintrouble.

5.Thegoodnewsisthisstormyperiodwillnotlast.

6.Youhaveimprovedyourstudyingmethods.ThatisyouhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.

7.FortheBritish,thehomeistheyregardasprotectionfromtheoutsideworld.

8.Thefactisourteamhasenteredthefinalround.

9.Theproblemiswecansolveitinanhour.

10.Afterasemesterofobservationandmunication,that'sexactlythegroupofparentsandstudentsin

Hangzhouhasfoundaboutexcellentclassteachers.

单元写作

写一篇介绍历史书籍的文章

本单元的写作任务是介绍一篇历史书籍的文章。介绍历史书籍，首先要介绍书的内容，其次是写作特点、

书的作用和影响以及你对书的评价和看法。总之，要从不同角度让读者对书籍有个全面的了解。

典题分析

你校文学社将举办以“阅读流行历史书''为主题的征文活动，你打算投稿介绍流行历史书《明朝那些事儿》。

请根据以下要点写一篇短文。

1.以通俗易懂的方式介绍历史，受众广泛；

2.利用故事和对比，生动形象；

3.推荐阅读。

注意：1.词数80左右：

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：TheNarrativeHistoryoftheMingDynasty《明朝那些事儿》

参考范文

TheNarrativeHistoryoftheMingDynastyattemptstokeepawideraudienceeducatedabouthistoryby

presentinghistoricalinformationinawaythatmakesiteasyfbrpeopletounderstand.Notonlydoesiiallowusto

empathizewithhistoricalfiguresinthefaceofdifficulties,butitalsomakesuswitnessthebrightfuture.

Theauthoradoptsanaturalandchattystyleofwritingthatopensupthesubjectmattertotheordinaryreader.

Meanwhile,whatarousesreadersinterestisIhalheoftenusesstoriesandinterestingparisonstodescribehistorical

figuresandeventsvividly.Loadedwithvividdescriptionsandfunfacts,thistypeofhistorybookishighly

readable.

Istronglyremendyoutoreadthisbook,whichiscertainlyafantasticwaytointroducepeopletothebasics

ofhistory.

【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生写一篇短文介绍洸行历史书《明朝那些事儿》。

【详解】1.词汇积累

试图做某事:attempttodosth.—>trytodosth.

说：present—>rcvcal

有同感，起共鸣：empathize—>resonate

极好的，极出色的:fantastic—>excellent

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Loadedwithvividdescriptionsandfunfacts,（his（ypeofhistorybookishighlyreadable.

拓展句：Thistypeofhistorybookwhichisloadedwithvividdescriptionsandfunfactsishighlyreadable,.

【点睛】[高分句型1]Notonlydoesitallowustoempathizewithhistoricalfiguresinthefaceofdifficulties,butit

alsomakesuswitnessthebrightfuture.（运用了notonly...butalso结构及倒装句型）

[高分句型2]Istronglyremendyoutoreadthisbook,whichiscertainlyafantasticwaytointroducepeopletothe

basicsofhistory.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）

［写作迁移

假定你是李华，在澳大利亚悉尼参观时，你在某书店购买了一本有关中国历史文物的书，你发现有些英文

说明与事实不符。请你向该出版社写一封投诉信，内容包括：

1.说明存在的问题；

2.给予可行的建议。

注意：L写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答；

3.参考词汇：文物historicartefacto

DearSirorMadam,

Lookingforwardtoyourfavorablereply!

Yonrssincerely,

LiHua

6模块四核心考点精准练-----------------------------

考点1onbehalfof代表（或代替）；为帮助，为了

1.Between1405and1433,onbehalftheMingDynasty,ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.（用适

当的词填空）

2.Iamworkingonaprojectbehalfofmyclassaboutcampusbullying（新凌）.

3.behalfoftheStudents'Union,TmwritingtoinviteyoatogiveusaspeechonChinesehislory.（用适

当的词填空）

考点2loadvt.&vi.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量

1.Thetruckis（load）\vi【hfreshfruitsandvegetables.（所给词的适当形式填空）

2.（load）withchina,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,thefleetpaidfriendlyvisitsto

morethan30countriesandregions.（所给词的适当形式填空）

3.Hetookovertheunionwhenitwasloadeddebts.（用适当的词填空）

考点3strengthenvt.&vi.加强，增强

1.Thefriendshipbetweenthepeoplesofthetwocountrieshas（strengthen）throughvariousmeans.（所给

词的适当形式填空）

2.Chinaismittedto（strengthen）friendshipandcooperationwithothercountriesonthebasisoftheFive

PrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.［所给词的适当形式填空）

3.SpeakingatIhesecondNationalParkForumheldinXining,capitalofQinghaiprovince.GuansaidChinahas

adoptedthestrictestmeasures（strengthen）theprotectionoftheauthenticityandintegrityofthe

ecosystem,andpromotethecontinuousimprovementofecologicalfunctions.（所给词的适当形式填空）

考点4dismissvt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散

1.Theworkmanwasdisciplinedbyhispanybutnot（dismiss）.（所给词的适当形式填空）

2.Theservant（dismiss）forbeinglazyanddishonest.（所给词的适当形式填空）

3.HesaltherewhileImadethecaseforhis（dismiss）.（所给词的适当形式填空）

考点5acknowledgevt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢

1.Withnosolidevidence,thepolicecouldn'thavehimacknowledge(steal)thelady'spurse.(所给词的

适当形式填空)

2.TheCEOisreported(acknowledge)thepany'sroleintheenvironmentaldamageintheconferencethe

otherday.(所给词的适当形式填空)

3.It'sgenerally(acknowledge)thatProfessorHawkingisoneoftheworld'sgreatestphysicists.(所给词

的适当形式填空)

考点6insistvi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说

1.Maryinsistedthatshe(be)rightbuthermotherinsistedthatshe(say)sorrytoAnnie.(所给词的

适当形式填空)

2.Thedoctorinsistedthathe(be)seriouslyillandthathe(operate)onimmediately.(所给词的适当

形式填空)

3.Thalisnotlove,andyouknowit.Whydoyouinsiston(call)itlove?(所给词的适当形式填空)

考点7convincevt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说

1.Yuan(convince)thattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.(所给词的适当形式填

空)

2.Thesummitisaexair.pleofChina'sdeterminationandeflbrttoadvanceopenupandencourage

highqualitypartnershipswithmultinationals,(convincing)(所给词的适当形式填空)

3.Sofarthereisno(convince)evidencethatthereexistslifeinouterspace.(所给词的适当形式填空)

考点8astonishvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊

1.Greatlymyastonishment,theboyinthecaraccidentcouldsurvived.(用适当的词填空)

2.Seeingherhusbandholdingabunchofflowers,shefrozeastonishment.(用适当的词填空)

3.Shewastohearthenewsandstoodtheresiill(astonish)(所给词的适当形式填空)

考点9confusionn.困惑，混乱

1.Thelittleboylooked(confuse)whiledoinghismathhomework.(所给词的适当形式填空)

2.Learningaculture'sunspokenlanguageissometimes(confuse).(所给词的适当形式填空)

3.PeopleofmygenerationwholivedthroughWorldWarIIhavevividmemoriesof(confuse)(所给词

的适当形式填空)

考点10现在分词作状语

1.(give)himawrongaddress,Ifeltsorrythathecouldn'tfindhisfriend'shome.(所给词的适当形式填

空)

2.Globalsurfacetemperaturelastmonthwere2.25degreeswannerthanthe20thcenturyaverage,(break)

previousrecordsbymorethanhalfadegree.(所给词的适当形式填空)

3.(judge)fromhisexcitedexpression,hemusthavegotgoodgradesinthemathexam.(所给词的适当形

式填空）

考点11表语从句

1.Thereasonwhyshecriedisshelostherfavoritetoy.（用适当的词填空）

2.Thebiggestproblemiswecangetenoughmoneyfortheproject.（用适当的词填空）

3.Thetruth,though,iscouldbeguessed—there'sneveranyoneelsehere.（用适当的词填空）

模块五小试牛刀过关测

一、阅读理解

ThegiantAmazonrainforestinSouthAmericahasbeenamysteryforcenturies.Itholdsallkindsofnatural

wonders.AmongtheminColombia,ariverstandsoutas''themostbeautifulriver44intheworld.

LocallycalledCamioCristales,thisspecialriverliesinanationalpark.Itismadeupofseveralwaterfalls,

rapids,andplentyofpools.Formostoftheyear,CarnioCristaleslookslikeamonriver:clean,green,androcky.

However,duringtheshortperiodbetweenSeptemberandNovember,theriverexplodeswithlifeandcolour.It

appearsasanymixofcoloursincludingblue,green,yellow,orange,andapurplishred.Soitisalsoknownasthe

“RiverofFiveColours*,.

Althoughatfirstitmayappearasifsomechemicalswereaddediothewater,thisrainbowriverispletely

natural,CarnioCristales'coloursarctheresultofarare（稀有）waterplantwhichneedssunlighttogrow.The

plantschangecolourdependingonhowmuchsunlighttheyreceive,andtheamountisdecidedbytheheightand

speedofthewater.Therefore,itispossiblefortheplantstobetotallycolourlessifthesunlightistoohardtoget.

Theyareadelicateplant.Thismakesthemeasilydamagedinthewater.

Actually,theriverfacessomeproblems,includingdrierseasons,wildlifetrouble,wastemanagement,and

budge〔（预算）cuts.In2007,theparkwasforcedtoclosebecauseitwasovercrowdedwithtourists.Now（hepark

admitsonly200peopleadayandrequiresthemtomindtheirbehaviour.Today,CarnioCristalesstillshinesamong

Colombia,smostpopularnaturalattractions,drawingthousandsoftouristseveryyear.

1.WhenisthebesttimetovisitCarnioCristales?

A.InOctober.B.InMarch.C.InJune.D.InJanuary.

2.WhyisCarnioCristalescolourful?

A.Thewaterisbadlypolluted.B.Peopleaddchemicalstoit.

C.Aspecialplantlivesinit.D.Theweatherischangeablethere.

3.WhydoesCarnioCristalesreturntoamonriverappearancefbrmostoftheyear?

A.Theplantslosetheircolorsduetoheavyrainfall.

B.Thewaterbeespollutedduringdryseasons.

C.Insufficient（彳：足的）sunlightpreventstheplantsfromchangingcolor.

D.Touristsremovethecolorfulplantsforsouvenirs.

4.Whatoncecausedtheparktobeclosed?

A.Thewildlifeproblem.B.Thepoorservice.

C.Toomuchrubbish.D.Toomanyvisitors.

二、阅读七选五

Cheerleading,asportaboutorganizedcheeringanddancinginsupportofasportsteam,isoneofAmerica's

oldest,butoftenundervaluedsportsManynowconnectthesportwithenergetichighschoolteamsorprofessional

teamsonthesidelines.]Therehavebeensignificantchangesovertime.

Nowwidelyseenasafemaleledactivity,cheerleadingwasledbymalesatfirst.In1869,duringthefirst

AmericanfootballmatchbetweenPiincetonUniversityandRutgersUniversity,Princetonstudentscelebratedtheir

victorybyyelling“Boom!Ah!”repeatedly.2

Byparison,anotherstoryplacesitsbeginningatagamebetweenPrincetonUniversityandtheUniversityof

MinnesotaonNovember2,1898.AmedicalstudentnamedJohnnyCampbelltookaloudspeaker,brought

thousandsoffanstogether,andledanorganizedseriesofcheers.3Theseyellleadersnotonlylifted

fans'spirits,butalsohelpedmanage（hecrowds.By1903,oneofthefirstofficialallmaleclubswasestablished.

In1923,theUniversityofMinnesotaadmittedwomenintoitscheeringteam,althoughmencontinuedto

controlthesidelinesformanyyears.Asworldwarsbrokeout,largenumbersofmenenteredthemilitary.4

Theyintroducednewthingssuchasacrobatics（杂技）andthenowcharactcristicpompoms（绒球）.Overthenext

decade,theorganizationofteamsgrewrapidly.In1948,theNationalCheerleadersAssociationwasestablishedand

laternationalcheerleadingteamsalsoappeared.

5Encouragingly,theInternationalOlympicmitteefinallyconfirmeditasasportin2021,pavingthe

wayforeventualOlympicparticipation.Today,cheerleadingattractsoverthreemillionparticipantsacrossthe

UnitedStatesandcontinuestodevelopasbothasportandaculturalactivity.

A.Butthisimageisnothowitallbegan.

B.Thus,thesportwasforgottenforshortperiods.

C.Therefore,womentookuptheunfilledpositions.

D.Manyhistoriansmarkthiseventasthesport'sbirth.

E.Thischange,however,wasaturningpointforthesport.

F.Inspiredbythis,moreUSleadergroupsweresoonformed.

G.Despitethese,cheerleadingwasofficiallyunrecognizedforlong.

三、完形填空

WhenMemoryis“Delayed”

ThesuddenpostponementofthefilmUnit731,withvagueofficialexplanations,hassparkedwidespread

disappointmentandangeracrosssocialmedia-nottowardthefilmitself,buttowardthosewhoattemptedto1

thishistoricalmemorythroughignorantplaintsandcensorship.Thisdelayisnotmerelyascheduling2:itis

abrutalinterferencewithhistoricalremembrance,yetanotheractof3bythosewhodarenotconfrontthe

truthofhistory.

TheatrocitiesmittedbyJapan'sUnit731havelongbeen4byhistoricalarchivesandcountless

testimonies.DuringWorldWarH,thisunitconductedhorrificbiologicalwarfareexperimentsandlivehuman

5_,treatingpeopleasnothingmorethantestsubjects.Frostbiteexperiments,bacterialinjections,vivisection一

theseacts,which6allmoralboundaries,arenotartisticexaggerationsbutwelldocumentedhistoricalfacts.

ThevictimsofUnit731weremostlyChineseciviliansandprisonersofwar,iheirsufferinganddeathsformingan

unhealed7inourcollectivenationalmemory.Todenyordownplaythishistoryisnotonlyadesecrationof

thedeadbutalsoan8towardthefuture.

Itisworthnotingthatinrecentyears,therehasbeenasurgeinplaintsandcensorship9historical

films.FromCityofLifeandDeathtoTheEightHundred,andnowUnit731,thereseemstobeanundercurrent

attemptingtopreventtheChinesepeoplefrom1()theirhistoricaltrauma.Theseplaincrsoftenhidebehind

excuseslike''avoidingethnicconflict"or''maintainingharmony,''butinreality,theyrevealtheir11of

historyandindifferencetonationaldignity.Historyisnotadolltobedressedupasonepleases;thetruthdocsnot

changejustbecauseitmakessomepeople12.Anationthatdaresnotfaceitspaincannevertrulystandtall.

ThosewhotrytoerasehistoricalmemorythroughcensorshiparenodifferentfromJapan'srightwinghistorical

revisionists—botharc13ofmemory,justindifferentforms.

Reverenceforourmartyrsmustbeginwithanunwavering14tohistoricaltruth.Thecottonfibers

foundinGeneralYangJingyu'sstomach,thebloodstainedfarewellletterofZhaoYiman,theremainsofcountless

unnamedheroes—theseareirrefutablewitnessestohistory.Truepatriotismdoesnotmeanshyingawayfrom

nationalsufferingbutrememberingitand_15_aboveit.

1.A.preserveB.suppressC.promoteD.ignore

2.A.adjustmentB.mistakeC.errorD.failure

3.A.braveryB.honestyC.cowardiceD.wisdom

4.A.deniedB.confirmedC.forgottenD.ignored

5.A.treatmentsB.examinationsC.dissectionsD.operations

6.A.followB.respectC.transcendD.establish

7.A.scarB.woundC.injuryD.pain

8.A.responsibilityB.irresponsibilityC.responseD.irresponsive

9.A.targetingB.praisingC.ignoringD.creating

10.A.forgettingB.confrontingC.celebratingD.denying

11.A.knowledgeB.understandingC.ignoranceD.awareness

12.A.fortableB.unfbrtableC.happyD.excited

13.A.creatorsB.protectorsC.murderersD.keepers

14.A.oppositionB.mitmentC.objectionD.rejection

15.A.fallingB.risingC.stayingD.lying

四、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.

TheGreatWall,oneofthemostfamous](landmark)intheworld,stretchesacrossthenorthern

panofChinalikeahugedragon.Withatotal2(long)ofover21,000kilometers,itisthelongest

manmadestructureeverbuilt.3(it)constructionbeganasearlyasthe7thcenturyBCE,duringtheSpring

andAutumnPeriod,andcontinuedthroughdifferentdynasties—mostnotablytheQinDynasty,4

sectionswereconnectedtoformaunifieddefensesystem,andtheMingDynasty.Originally,theGreatWall5

(build)formilitarydefense:itprotectedancientChineseempiresfromattacksbynomadicgroupsfromthenorth.

Alongthewall,therearcwatchtowers6(employ)tospo:enemiesandsendsignals,battlements,and

fortressesusedtostationtroopsandstoresupplies.Thesefeaturesshowthegreat7(wise)ofancient

Chineseengineersandsoldiers.Today,theGreatWallisnolongeramilitarystructure8aworldfamous

touristattractionandaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Everyyear,millionsofvisitorsfromh