广东省广州市天河区2024届高三年级下册三模英语试题（含答案）

广东省广州市天河区2024届高三下学期三模英语试题

一、第一部分阅读，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）（共两节，满分50分）

阅读理解

Whenitcomestocruise（游轮）travelling,thereistrulysomethingforeveryone.Seewhichonesoundsrightfor

you.

WonderoftheSeas

Cruiseline:RoyalCaribbean

Length:1,188feel

Width:215feet

Guestcapacity:7,084

Atruewonder,thecurrentbiggestshipintheworlddelightsguestseveryweekwithafeastofactivities,shows,

mealsandmemories.RoyalCaribbean'sWonderoftheSeashas16guestdecks,2,204crewmembersand20dining

destinations—nineofwhicharefreeofcharge.Itfeaturesadryslidethattwistsdown10decks,surfingsimulators

andaniceskatingrink.

TheWorldEuropa

Crniseline:MSC

Length:1,093feet

Width:154feet

Guestcapacity:6,762

TheWorldEuropa,whichtooktotheseaforthefirsttimein2022,featuressomeof（hebestroomsonacruise

ship,thankstomostcabinswithabalcony.Peoplelookingibrsomethingalittlelessdramaticwillenjoysixpools,

fiveminicinemasandthreefeaturedlibrariesalsea.You'llnevergohungryonthisship,givenits10restaurants,

includingfourmaindiningroomsandthreebuffets.

Arvia

Cruiseline:P&OCruses

Length:1.130feet

Width:138feet

Guestcapacity:6.685

WhetheryouwantthesunshineoftheCaribbeanortheculturefoundinandaroundMediterraneanports.Arviais

PaOklargestcruiseshipwithI*00crewmembers,athree-screencinemacomplex,awiderangeofstatenximsand

fourp（x）ls,includingonewithaswim-upbar,providingfoodandbeverage.Whetheryou'resingleorhavechildren,

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seriousrestandrelaxationaredefinitelyontheagenda.

SymphonyoftheSeas

Cmiseline:RoyalCaribbean

Length:1.188feet

Width:216feet

Guestcapacity:6.680

Imagineyou'reenjoyinganall-inclusiveexperienceonabigcruiseship.SymphonyoftheSeasoffersmany

spectacularactivities,includingBroadway-styletheatershows,surfingsimulatorsandthe10-storydryslide.There's

alsodeliciousfoodallovertheship.Guestsrarelyfeelovercrowdedbecausesevendistinctareascarveuptheship

intouniquespacestoplay,eat,wander,sleepandenjoyliveentertainment.

1.Whichprobablyprovidesthebestshiprooms?

A.WonderoftheSeas.B.TheWorldEuropa.

C.Arvia.D.SymphonyoftheSeas.

2.Whichshipisthebestfbratravellerenjoyingpersonalspace?

A.WonderoftheSeas.B.TheWorldEuropa.

C.Arvia.D.SymphonyoftheSeas.

3.Whatdothefourshipshaveincommon?

A.Theyprovidefreefoodservice

B.Theyhavemanypools.

C.Theyprovidevariousactivities.

D.Theyfollowthesameroute.

阅读理解

BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoSantaAna,California.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenyelling

onthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Peterson,28,wouldpasstheguyonhiswaytohisjobas

acardesigner,buttheyneverspoke.Whatcouldtheypossiblyhaveincommon?

Oneday,Petersonwasrelaxingathome,readingthebookLoveDoes,whenhisquietwasdisturbedbythe

homelessman.Inspiredbythebook'ssympatheticmessage,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:togooutsideand

introducehimself.

Petersonlearnedthattheman'snamewasMattFaris.He'dmovedtoSouthernCaliforniafromKentuckyto

pursueacareerinmusic,butfellonhardtimesandendeduplivingonthestreetformorethanadecade.Eventhough

Peterson,agraduateoftheClevelandInstituteofArt,hadn'tpickedupapaintbrushinabouteightyears,hefound

himselfaskingifhecouldpaintFaris'portrait.Farissaidyes."Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn'tshavedin

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probablyayear,hadovergrownfinger-nailsandprobablyhadn'thadashowerinclosetoayear.Buthisstory,thelife

insideofhim,inspiredme."Petersonrecalledlater.

Peterson'sconnectionwithFarisledtoFacesofSantaAna:anonprofitorganizationthatbefriendsandpaints

portraitsofunhousedcommunitymembers.Usingablack-and-whitephototakenwithhisphone,Petersonselects

colorsbasedonthesubject'spersonalityandlifestory,creatingpowerfulportraits.

Petersonsellsthe30-by-40-inchcanvas—signedbybothsubjectandartist—forafewthousanddollars.Faris

usedtheportraitfundstorecordanalbum,fulfillinghismusicaldreams.

Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,finding

similaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlooked."Peopleoftentellme,4was

theonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow.'"Petersonsays.

4.WhydidPetersonspeaktoFaris?

A.Faris*yellingdisturbedhissleep.

B.Hedecidedtomakeanewfriend.

C.Thequietwhilereadingwasbroken.

D.Hefeltadrivetopracticekindness.

5.WhatinspiredPetersontopaintFaris*portrait?

A.Faris*lifestory.B.Faris'beautifulface.

C.Desireforartpractice.D.Sympathyforthehomeless.

6.Whatdothebuyersthinkofthecanvas?

A.Theyrevealthelifeofpoorpeople.

B.Theybeardelicatesignaturesfromartists.

C.Theyshowvividportraitswithrichcolors.

D.Theybuildbondbetweenpeopleseeminglydifferent.

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePeterson?

A.Braveandkind.B.Talkativeandconsiderate.

C.Talentedandambitious.D.Perceptiveandsympathetic.

阅读理解

InSwitzerland,anambitiousproposalcouldseetheconstructionofanexpansiveundergroundnetworkthrough

whichself-drivingpods（吊舱）wouldtransportgoodsacrossthecountry.

TheprojectcalledCargoSousTerrain（CST）,isintendedtoreducetherelianceontrucksformovingcargo.

Globaldemandforfreight（货物）transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldisseeingashortageoftruck

drivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,whiletransportingfreightby

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roadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.

Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestofSwitzerlandtoSt.Gallen

inthenortheast,andbecompletedaround

2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswillbe40to80metersbelowgroundandtheautonomouspodswilldrivealong

threelanesataround30kilometersperhour.Andthecargowillbeloadedandunloadedatdesignatedhubs（枢纽）

employingliftstotakegoodstoandfromthesurface.

TheprojectwasapprovedbytheSwissgovernmentin2021.Although（here'salongwaytogobefore

constructioncanbegin,earlierin2023CSTbeganitspreliminaryworkinthefield—exploratorydrillingalongthe

Harkingen-Niederbipproute.

ThebiggestchallengeforCSTwillbetheexpense.CSTestimatesthatitwillcostaround30billionSwissFrancs

（$34billion）fortheentirenetwork.Theprojectwillbeentirelyprivatelyfunded,withinvestorsincludingCredit

Suisse,Coop,andSiemens.Althoughahugeamountoffundingstillneedstobefound,muchofthetechnologyfor

theautomationandoperationofthenetworkalreadyexists.Anotherksychallengeisworkingouthowtotransport

freightabovegroundfromthetunnelstostoresincities—withoutaddingtoroadiraffic.

Despiteallthehurdles,PatrikAellig,headofcommunicationfbrCST,remainsoptimistic.CSTis"atthe

forefront"ofundergroundfreighttransport.

8.WhatmainlyledtotheprojectCST?

A.Expensivetruckdrivers.B.Seriousshortageoffuel.

C.Environmentalconcern.D.Heavyfreighttransportation.

9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?

A.Topresentthewaythenetworkwillwork.

B.Toprovideablueprintofthenetwork.

C.Toprovetheefficiencyofthenetwork.

D.Toshowtheadvancementofthenetwork.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"preliminary"meaninparagraph4?

A.Innovative.B.Significant.C.Preparatory.D.Constructive.

11.WhatisagreatchallengeforCST?

A.Absenceoffund.B.Lackoftechnology.

C.Last-miledelivery.D.Transportsafety.

阅读理解

Childrenwithstrongfamilyconnectionsarcassociatedwithahighlikelihoodofflourishing（成功）inlife,

accordingtoanewstudyledbyDr.RobertWhitakerfromColumbiaUniversity,whosurveyedover37,000children

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in26countries.

Familyconnectionwasdeterminedbyameanscoreoffivecategories:care,support,safety,respectand

participation.Foreachsubject,theparticipantsweregivenastatemcmandaskedtoassessnowmuchtheyagreed

withit,scoringfromzero(donotagree)tofour(stronglyagree).Forexample,tomeasurecare,theywereaskedhow

muchtheyagreedwiththestatement,'Ifeelsafeathome."

Thecoreoffamilyconnectionischildrenfeelingthatthey'reacceptedandnurturedathome,whichallowsthem

tolearnwhattheirstrengthsandweaknessesareinasafeenvironmentastheyarebuildingtheiridentity.Whitaker

said.

Childrenwiththegreatestleveloffamilyconnectionwereover49%morelikelytoflourishcomparedwiththose

withthelowestleveloffamilyconnectionaccordingtothestudy.Thehighestscoresinbothfamilyconnectionand

flourishingcamefromchildrenwholivedwithparentsorneverhadtheirfamilyworryingaboutfinances.

Researchersthencontrolledthedataforfamilies'povertylevels,includingfinancialcircumstancesandfood

insecurity,toremovetheeffecttheymayhavehadonthenumbers.Aftercontrollingforthesefactors,thestrengthof

familyconnectionsstillimpactedhowmuchchildrenflourished.

Soitisimportanttocreateaspacewherechildrenfeelseenandheard.Whiletheyaretalking,grown-upsshould

showthattheyhaveagenuineinterestinwhattheirchildrenaresayingandtrytosuspendjudgment.Adultsdonot

needtomakegrandgesturestobondwiththeirchildren.Havingmeaningfulconversationsismoreimportantforyour

connectionthantakingthemonexpensivetrips.Silenceisalsoanotherpowerfulformofcommunication.Children

andparentsspendingtimetogetherinsilenceorevenrunninganerrandordoingchorescancreateaconnection.

12.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointheresearch?

A.Addupthescoresthey'vegot.

B.Assesssomestatements.

CRecalltheirchildhoodlife.D.Categorizesomestatements.

13.Howdoesstrongfamilyconnectionhelpchildren'slifesuccess?

A.Itallowsthemtobuildtheiridentity.

B.Itenables(hemtoacceptothers.

C.Itprovidessafelivingconditions.

D.Itmakesthembetterknowthemselves.

14.Howshouldparentsbondwiththeirchildren,accordingtotheauthor?

A.Tolistentothemattentively.

B.Tojudgethemimmediately.

C.lborganizetripsfrequently.

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D.Toassignhouseworkregularly.

15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.Closefamilybondbringssuccessfulchildren.

B.Childrenshowingcarewillflourish.

C.Communicationhelpsfamilyconnection.

D.Familyconnectionensureshealthychildren.

二、第一部分阅读，第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whileit'ssimpletonamemanyfamousmaleinventors,peoplemightbehard-pressedtonamesomefemale

inventors.16.

17.Backonafreezingwinter'sdayin1902,MaryAndersonwastravelingbytramthroughNew

YorkCity.Snowwasfalling,forcingthedrivertosloprepeatedlyandgetouttoclearit.Eachtimethedooropened,

Marysufferedagustofwind.Shehadasuddengoodidea:whynotmakesomekindofarubberblade（舌i］片）that

couldbeoperatedfrominsidethevehicle?18.

What'smore,thedishwasherdatesbackevenearliertothe19thcenturyandtothedinnerpartiesheldbyalady

calledJosephineCochrane.Asafrequenthostess,shewantedamachinethatcouldwashdishesfasterthanhumans._

19.Andfinally,shedevelopedwhatwastobecomethefirstcommerciallysuccessfuldishwasher.

Interestingly,innovationwasinherblood:hergrandfatherhadinventedthesteamboat.

Lastly,oneofthemostimportantinventionsofthe20thcenturymustsurelybethecomputerprogram.Intoday's

worldofprogramming,menvastlyoutnumberwomen.20.GraceHopperiscreditedwithinventingthe

firstcompiler（编译程序）in1952.

A.Andthat'sexactlywhatshedid.

B.Thatwashowtheinventioncameintobeing.

C.Asaresponse,sheconductedmanyexperiments.

D.Firstly,whatledtotheinventionofthewindscreencleaner?

E.Butbackinthe1940sand50s,womenledthewayinthisnewfield.

F.Forexample,wherewouldwebewithoutthewindscreencleaner?

G.Yetwomenarebehindsomewidelyusedtechnologiesinthemodernworld.

三、第二部分语言运用，第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（共两节，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

What'sthepointofstudying?It'ssomethingyoumightaskyourselfifyou're21.tofinishan

assignment,22.ifyourfriendsseemtobeouthavingfun,orare23.andearninglotsofmoney.

Manyofuschoosetogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagood24.,butsometimesgraduatesare

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educatedbeyondwhatisnecessaryforajob.Evenso,accordingtoaresearchconductedbyanorganization,a___

25.will,inthelongrun,earnyoumore.What,smore,thereare26.inyourearningpotential.A

researchersaysthatgraduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnabout40%morethanthosewhostudiedat

otheruniversitiesafterfiveyears.

27.,itfoundit'snotjustthelocationbutotherfactorsthatcan28.whatyoucanearn.For

example,graduatesinsubjectssuchaslawandmedicine29.todowell.Andastheyprogress,thepaygap

betweenthesecareersandothers,suchasthecreativearts,30..Also,astudent's31.background

canhaveaneffect,withthosefromhouseholdshighlyvaluingeducationmuchmorelikelytogotouniversity,and

mostlylikelya32.one.

Butifyoustilldon'tfeeluniversitydeliversthebestworkopportunities,thereare33.wordsfrom

AlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,whosaysthatgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobe34.asnon-

graduates.Somaybeallthatstudyingis35.—afterall"nopains,nogains"!

21.A.planningB.strugglingC.tryingD.hoping

22.A.actuallyB.usuallyC.especiallyD.generally

23.A.workingB.studyingC.wanderingD.living

24.A.educationB.lifeC.marriageD.career

25.A.degreeB.majorC.skillD.patent

26.A.changesB.difficultiesC.improvementsD.differences

27.A.ThenB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Instead

28.A.involveinB.contributeto

CconsistofD.resultfrom

29.A.happenB.tendC.longD.manage

30.A.existsB.disappearsC.widensD.varies

31.A.religiousB.historicalC.educationalD.social

32.A.bigB.goodC.popularD.public

33.A.encouragingB.amazingC.sincereD.scientific

34.A.disrespectedB.distrustedC.unemployedD.unpaid

35.A.reliableB.favorableC.interestingD.rewarding

四、第二部分语言运用，第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

ChengYuyanneverexpectedthattheinterestgroup"WeLoveStrollinginthePark",36.she

casuallycreatedfouryearsagoonDouban,aChinesesocialmediaplatform,wouldnowapproach100,000members.

Accordingto37.225-ycar-oldfromShanghai,establishingthisgroupwasjustaspur-of-thc-

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momentdecision,38.shedidn'tinvestmuchtimeinmanagingitafterwards.However,parkenthusiasts

fromalloverChinaandevenoverseashavespontaneouslymade39.theirgatheringcommunity.People

shareparkexperiences,postphotos40.（take）inparks,andofferrecommendationsandreviewsabout

parks.

Withinthisgroup,thereisatagcalled"20minutesforparks",which41.（come）fromatheory

originatingfromtheInternationalJournalofEnvironmentalHealthResearch.Accordingtothetheory,

42.（spcnd）20minutesinaparkdailyhelpstoreducestress,regardlessof43.people

exerciseinitorsimplytakeawalk.

HuangBingbing,livinginShenzhen,Guangdongprovince,isanenthusiastic44.（support）of

thisidea."Onthatpatchofgrass,Icouldconnectwithlivingplantsar.danimals,allowingmetorefreshmymindand

heal45.thestressesoftheworkplace,"Huangsaid.

五、第三部分写作，第一节（满分15分）（共两节，满分40分）

46.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友William写信告知你，他计划申请来中国支教，但有些担忧。请你写一封

回信鼓励他。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearWilliam,

Yours,

LiHua

六、第三部分写作，第二节（满分25分）

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

IpressedmyfistintoDad'soldbaseballgloveasIstaredoutofthewindowofmystepfather'svan.Notaday

wentbythat1didn'tthinkaboutDadandhowmuchImissedhim.

Thevanstoppedattheedgeof（hebaseballfield."Hey,buddy,havefunatpractice.Anddon'tforgetaboutyour

sister'srecital（表，黄）tonight,"saidmystepfatherasIclimbedout.

Zoeisnotmysister,andyoucan'ttellmewhattodo,Igrumbled（嘟嘎）tomyself.

Abunchofguysfromtheteamwavedfromthedugout.Ijoggedoverhalf-heartedly."Whydoyoulookso

unhappy?"Davidasked."Ihavetogotomystepsister'sdancerecital"Isighed."Itcouldbeworse,"Davidreplied.I

shothimanI-highly-doubt-thatexpression."Whatifyouhadtoperforminit?"Kevinsaidasheleapedandtwirled

（旋转）likearodeobull.Itriednottosmile.

ThetruthwasthatIhadalotofmixed-upfeelingssinceMomremarriedafewmonthsago.Ihadalwaysloved

baseball,buteventhatfeltdifferentlately.Icouldbarelyconcentrate.

Afterpractice,DavidandIsattogetherwaitingforcurride."Iwishthingsdidn'thavetochange,"Isaid,"yon

know,formymomandme.""Ihaveastepmotherandstepbrothertoo,"Davidsaidasifitwerenobigdeal.

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"Seriously?"Ihadn'trealizedthat,soIasked.Davidshrugged,"They'rejustMomandDennisnow.Giveitachance."

Iletoutabreath,stillunsureabouttherecitaltonight.Stillunsureabouteverything!

Backhome,IfoundZoeinhercostume,butsomethingwaswrong.Herarmswerefoldedtightacrossherchest,

andhereyeswereglossedwithtears."What'swrong,Zoe?"Iasked."Openingnightjitters（战战兢兢）my

stepfathersaid."Shedoesn'twanttobeintherecital,"Momsaid.

Huh.Thisshouldhavebeenthebestthingthatcouldhavehappened-thepossibilityofnothavingtogotothe

performance.Butsomehowitwasn't.Zoehadpracticedsohard.Andshe'dremindedmealleastathousandtimes

whereshewouldbeonstage.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

ThinkingofKevin'sfunnydance,Ihadanidea.

AfterZoedisappearedintodancersbackstage,wefoundourseals.

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答案解析部分

【答案】I.B

2.D

3.B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个游轮的情况。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同

时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准

相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。

1.细节理解题。根据TheWorldEuropa部分中"TheWorldEuropa,whichlooktotheseaforthefirsttimein

2022,featuressomeofthebestroomsonacruiseship,thankstomostcabinswithabalcony.（世界欧罗巴号于2022

年首次出海，由于大多数船舱都带阳台，它的客房是游轮上最好的）”可知，世界欧罗巴号的房间最好。故选

Bo

2.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Guestsrarelyfeelovercrowdedbecausesevendistinctareascarveuptheshipinto

uniquespacestoplay,eat,wander,sleepandenjoyliveentertainment（游客很少感至拥挤，因为七个不同的区域将

船上分割成独特的空间，可以玩耍、吃饭、漫步、睡觉和享受现场娱乐）"可知，SymphonyofiheSeas最适合

享受私人空间。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据第一部分"Itfeaturesadryslidethattwistsdown10decks,surfingsimulatorsandanice

skatingrink.（它有一个干燥的滑梯，可以沿着10层甲板蜿蜒而下，还有冲浪模拟器和溜冰场）"；第二部分

"Peoplelookingforsomethingalittlelessdramaticwillenjoysixpools,fiveminicinemasandthreefeaturedlibraries

atsea.（想找点不那么引人注目的东西的人可以在海上享受六个游泳池，五个迷你电影院和三人特色图书

馆）”；第三部分"ArviaisP&O'slargestcruiseshipwith1,800crewmembers,athree-screencinemacomplex,awide

rangeofstateroomsandfourpools,includingonewithaswim-upbar,providingfoodandbeverage.（Arvia是P&O

最大的游轮，拥有18（）（）名船员，一个三屏幕的电影院，各种各样的客舱和四个游泳池，其中一个带游泳酒

吧，提供食品和饮料）”以及最后一部分”（海洋交响曲号提供了许多壮观的活动，包括白老汇风格的戏剧表

演、冲浪模拟器和10层的干滑梯）”可知，这四艘船的共同点是都有很多游泳池。故选B。

【答案】4.D

5.A

6.D

7.D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了布莱恩・彼得森在认识流浪汉马特・法里斯后，他突发奇

想成寸了一个非营利组织,专注于与料区中无家可归的成员交朋友，并为他们画肖像,通过售卖肖像所得的

钱帮助他们重新站起来的故事。

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【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅

读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关

键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做

推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线

索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选

项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。

4.细节理解题。根据第二段的"Oneday,Petersonwasrelaxingathome,readingthebook〃veDoes,whenhis

quietwasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook'ssympatheticmessage,Petersonmadeanunexpected

decision:togooutsideandintroducehimself.（一天，彼得森正在家里放松,读着《爱的力量》这本书，这时他

的安静被一个无家可归的人打破了。受到书中充满同情的信息的启发，彼得森做出了一个意想不到的决定：

到外面做自我介绍。）”可知,受到书中的启发,一种行善的冲动让Peterson去与Faris交谈。故选D。

5.细节理解题。根据第三段"Petersonlearnedthattheman'snamewasMattFaris.He'dmovedtoSouthern

CaliforniafromKentuckytopursueacareerinmusic,butfellonhardtimesandendeduplivingon（hestreetfor

morethanadecade.EventhoughPeterson,agraduateoftheClevelandInstituteofArt,hadn'tpickedupapaintbrush

inabouteightyears,hefoundhimselfaskingifhecouldpaintFaris'portrait.Farissaidyes."Isawbeautyontheface

ofamanwhohadn'tshavedinprobablyayear,hadovergrownfinger-nailsandprobablyhadn'thadashowerinclose

toayear.Buthisstory,thelifeinsideofhim,inspiredme."Petersonrecalledlater.（彼得森得知这个人的名字叫马

特・法里斯。为了追求音乐事业，他从肯塔基州搬到了南加州，但却陷入了困境，最终在街头流浪了十多年。

尽管毕业于克利夫兰艺术学院（ClevelandInstituteofArt）的彼得森已经有八年没有拿起画笔了，但他发现自己

在问自己是否能画出法里斯的肖像。法瑞斯答应了。"我在一个大概一年没刮胡子、指甲长得太长、可能将近

一年没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美。但他的故事，他内心的生活，激励了我。”彼得森后来回忆道。）”可知，彼

得森主动提出为法里斯画肖像的原园是他被法里斯的故事所感动。故选A。

6.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Petersonhasdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoiyofthepersonin

thepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlooked."People

oftentellme,41wastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow.'"Peterson

says.（彼得森发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们可能忽视的人建立

友谊。”人们经常告诉我，’我是那个会过马路的人。但我现在对无家可归者的看法不同了。”'彼得森说。）”可

知，买家认为这些画在看似不同的人之间建立联系。故选D。

7.推理判断题。根据笫四段"Peterson'sconnectionwithFarisledtoFacesofSantaAna:anonprofitorganization

thatbefriendsandpaintsportraitsofunhousedcommunitymembers.Usingahlack-and-whitcphototakenwithhis

phone,Petersonselectscolorsbasedonthesubject'spersonalityandlifestoiy,creatingpowerfulportraits.（彼得森

与法瑞斯的联系促成了圣安娜之脸的成立:这是一个非营利组织，帮助无家可归的社区成员交朋友，并为他们

第11页

画肖像。彼得森使用手机拍摄的黑白照片，根据拍摄对象的个性和生活故事选择颜色，创造出强大的肖

像。）和笫五段"Petersonsellsthe30-by-40-inchcanvas-signedbybothsubjectandartist—forafewthousiind

dollars.Farisusedtheportraitfundstorecordanalbum,fulfillinghismusicaldreams.（彼得森以几千美元的价格出

但这幅30x40英寸的油画，油画上有主题和艺术家的签名。法里斯用肖像基金录制了一张专辑，实现了他

的音乐梦想。）”可知，彼得森建立非盈利组织帮助无家可归的人，为他们画栩栩如生的肖像，卖画所得的钱

帮助他们建立新牛.活，可推断出他是一个敏锐且有同情心的人。故选D。

【答案】8.D

9.B

10.C

11.A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了瑞士要建设一个庞大的地下网络，在全国范围内运输货

物。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考

生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根

据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是

正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的

相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信

息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的

能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下

文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章

中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易利用文章的逻辑

关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。

8.细节理解题。根据第二段"Theproject,calledCargoSousTerrain（CST）,isintendedtoreducetherelianceon

trucksformovingcargo.Globaldemandforfreight（货物）transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldis

seeingashortageoftruckdrivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,

whiletransportingfreightbyroadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.（该项目被称为货运地

面（CST）,旨在减少对卡车运输货物的依赖。全球货运需求正在增长，就像世界上许多地方出现卡车司机短

缺一样。与此同时•，燃料价格上涨使得公路运输成本更高，而公路货运占全球二氧化碳排放量的6%左右）”可

知，严重的货物运输压力主要导致了CST项目。故选D。

9.推理判断题。根据第三段"Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestof

SwitzerlandtoSt.Galleninthenorthcast,andbecompletedaround2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswil