新时代跨学科英语阅读1 课件 U8 What Makes a Hero

WhatMakesaHero?Warm-upPartAReadingStrategiesPartBContentsWhatdoesbraverymeantoyou?Canyourecallatimewhenyouorsomeoneyouknowshowedbravery?Canyouthinkofasituationwheresomeonehadtosacrificetheirownsafetyorcomfortforthebenefitofothersorabroadercause?Howwouldyouunderstandtheirfeelingsinthatsituation?12Warm-up

PartA

PartA

IntroductionStephenCraneAnAmericannovelist,shortstorywriter,poet,andjournalist.Publishedfirstnovelby22andwasamajorsuccessby24whenhepublishedTheRedBadgeofCourage.TheRedBadgeofCourageAnovelsetintheAmericanCivilWar.Celebratedforitsimagesandsymbolism.ReadingStrategiesImageryisaliterarydevicethatreferstotheuseoffigurativelanguagetoevokeasensoryexperienceorcreateapicturewithwordsforthereader.Byutilizingeffectivedescriptivelanguageandfiguresofspeech,writersappealtoareader’ssensesofsight,taste,smell,touch,andsound,aswellasinternalemotionandfeelings.

AnalyzingtheUseofImageryStephenCraneconsistentlyusesfigurativelanguagetocreateimagesthatvividlydescribeallaspectsofwar.ThetextisrichwithcolorimagerythatreflectsHenryFleming’sshiftingthoughtsonhiswalkbacktothecamp.Forexample,Henry’sexploitsinbattlearenowetchedinhismemoryas“gildedimages”in“purple”and“gold.”(Thesecolorsarethecolorsofkings.)Themaintypesofliteraryimagery:Visual:Itappealstothesenseofsightthroughthedescriptionofcolor,light,size,pattern,etc.Auditory:Itappealstothesenseofhearingorsoundbyincludingmelodicsounds,silence,harshnoises,andevenonomatopoeia.Gustatory:Itappealstothesenseoftastebydescribingwhethersomethingissweet,salty,savory,spicy,orsour.Tactile:Itappealstothesenseoftouchbydescribinghowsomethingphysicallyfeels,suchasitstemperature,texture,orothersensations.Olfactory:Itappealstothesenseofsmellbydescribingsomething’sfragranceorodor.Kinesthetic:Itappealstoareader’ssenseofmotionormovementthroughdescribingthesensationsofmovingorthemovementsofanobject.Organic:Itappealstoandcommunicatesinternalsensations,feelings,andemotions,suchasfatigue,thirst,fear,love,loneliness,anddespair.Thesetypesofimageryoftenfeaturefiguresofspeechsuchassimilesandmetaphorstomakecomparisons.Overall,literaryimageryprovidessensorydetailstocreateclearandvibrantdescriptions,appealingtothereader’simagination,emotions,andsenses.ExampleImagerytypeAnalysisGraduallyhisbrainemergedfromthecloggedclouds…(para.8)VisualAsHenryreviewshisbehaviorincombat,hismindresumesfromconfusiontoclarity.Hehadbeenwheretherewasredofbloodandblackofpassion,andhewasescaped.(para.9)...hispublicdeedswereparadedingreatandshiningprominence.(para.12)

Thereweresmallshoutingsinhisbrainaboutthesematters.(para.14)

Hefoundthathecouldlookbackuponthebrassandbombastofhisearliergospelsandseethemtruly.(para.20)

Hecamefromhotplowsharestoprospectsofclovertranquilly...(para.22)

Lookatthefollowingexamplesfromthetext,determinethetypeofimageryusedineach,andanalyzethereferredmeaning.ExampleImagerytypeAnalysisGraduallyhisbrainemergedfromthecloggedclouds…(para.8)VisualAsHenryreviewshisbehaviorincombat,hismindresumesfromconfusiontoclarity.Hehadbeenwheretherewasredofbloodandblackofpassion,andhewasescaped.(para.9)OrganicHenryrealizesthathehassurvivedthecrueltyandwildnessofthebattlefield....hispublicdeedswereparadedingreatandshiningprominence.(para.12)Kinesthetic

Henryfeelsproudofhisheroicdeedsasheimaginesthemtobedisplayedinsensationalmotion.

Thereweresmallshoutingsinhisbrainaboutthesematters.(para.14)Auditory

ThepasteventscometoHenry,likevoicesechoinginhismind.

Hefoundthathecouldlookbackuponthebrassandbombastofhisearliergospelsandseethemtruly.(para.20)Visual

Henrycanlookathisboastsandnaïveattitudesaboutwarlikeaspectatorandcriticizewithsomecorrectness.Hecamefromhotplowsharestoprospectsofclovertranquilly...(para.22)Visual

Henryhasexperiencedthehorrorsofwarandnowexpectstofindeternalpeacebeforehim.

ComprehensionCheckFillinthemissinginformationbyreferringtothetextforclues.1.Asthebattleisover,theregimentisorderedtoreturnandlinksupwithamassof________________.2.IttakessometimeforHenryFleming’smindtoemergefromthe_____________andresumeitsnormalcourseofthinking.3.Henrytakesdelightinreflectingonthe__________________ofhisfellowsuponhisconduct.4.Nevertheless,Henryreflectswithshameonthe_____________hehasmadeinthepreviousbattles.5.Eventually,Henrythinksthathissoulhaschangedandhecannowleavebehindthe_________________.dust-coveredtroopscloggedcloudsrespectfulcommentsvividerrorredsicknessofbattleComprehensionCheckII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.WhatisHenrydoingattheendoftheexhaustingday?A.Talkingtohimself.B.Relaxinghismind.C.Sleeping.D.Analyzinghimself.2.WhathappenswhenHenryengagesinhisfirstbattle?A.Heengagesinfightingbutisovercomebyguiltandremorse.B.Heisoverwhelmedbyfearandrunsfromthefield.C.Hefightsbravelyandiswoundedinthehead.D.Hehelpssaveafellowsoldierfromdyingonthefield.DBComprehensionCheck3.WhodoesHenryleaveinthefieldwoundedandstumbling?A.Theghostofhisflight.B.Hisfriend.C.Thetatteredsoldier.D.Thetallsoldier.4.HowdoesHenryfeelaboutdesertingthetatteredman?A.Heacceptsit.B.Hetalksaboutit.C.Heforgetsit.D.Heregretsit.5.HowdoesHenryfeelabouthimselfintheend?A.Hedespiseshimself.B.Heacceptshisearliergospels.C.Hebecomesaman.D.Hemaynowtouchthegreatdeath.CDCIII.WhatmemoryatfirstdarkensHenry’sproudfeelingsafterthebattle?Howdoesheevaluatehisconduct?Suggestedanswer:ThememorythatinitiallyshattersHenry’sproudandgleefulreflectionishisdesertionofthetatteredsoldier.

Henry’sevaluationofhisconductisacomplexprocessofintenseshame(“thelightofhissoulflickeredwithshame”),followedbyhisrationalizingitaspartofgrowththatallowshimtomoveforward.

IV.WhathasbroughtaboutHenry’stransformationfromadoubtingyouthtoaseasonedsoldier?SupportyouranswerwithevidencefromHenry’scommentsorthoughts.Suggestedanswer:Henry’stransformationisdrivenbyanumberoftrials,includingbattle,injury,fear,andafairamountofgoodold-fashioned,isolatedthinkingtime.1.Therealizationthathispreviousromanticidealsofheroismwerehollow.Heactivelyre-examinesandrejectshisformerself.Evidence:​“Hefoundthathecouldlookbackuponthebrassandbombastofhisearliergospelsandseethemtruly.Hewasgleefulwhenhediscoveredthathenowdespisedthem.”

2.Theforgingofa“QuietManhood”Evidence:​“Withthisconvictioncameastoreofassurance.Hefeltaquietmanhood,nonassertivebutofsturdyandstrongblood.Heknewthathewouldnomorequailbeforehisguideswherevertheyshouldpoint.”3.Theconfrontationwiththeultimatefear—death—andtherealizationthatitisamanageablepartofreality,notanabstractmonster.Evidence:​“Hehadbeentotouchthegreatdeath,andfoundthat,afterall,itwasbutthegreatdeath.Hewasaman.”ExtensionActivity

I.Inthetext,Henrystruggleswithfeelingsoffearandcourage.Howdoyoujudgehisactions?WhatdoHenry’sexperiencesdemonstrateaboutthenatureofcourageandheroism?Suggestedanswer:Henry’sactionscannotbejudgedaspurelyheroicorcowardly;theymustbeseenasdeeplyhumanandinconsistent:1.Hisflightisunderstandable,notadmirable.2.Hisreturntofightiscourageous,butflawed.3.Hisfinalstateisamatureacceptance.

Henry’sjourneyservesasapowerfulcritiqueandredefinitionoftraditionalheroism.1.Courageisaprocess,notatrait.2.“TheRedBadge”isinternal,notexternal.3.Heroismisfoundinthecollective,notjusttheindividual.4.Couragecoexistswithfear,itdoesn’tconquerit.

II.Henry’spersonaltestcomesinwar.Whatpersonaltesthaveyoufaced?Didsucceedingorfailingatthistestaffectwhatyoulearnedaboutyourself?CanyouseeanyparallelsbetweenyourownexperienceandHenry’sexperience?Trytoexplain.

PartB

PartB

IntroductionJ.R.R.Tolkien

Alsoknownas

JohnRonaldReuelTolkien(1892-1973).AnEnglishwriterandscholar.AchievedfamewithTheHobbit

(1937)andTheLordoftheRings

(1954–55).TheLordoftheRingsAfantasy

novel

setintheThirdAgeofMiddle-earth.Amodernversionoftheheroic

epic.Oftenpublishedinthreeparts:

TheFellowshipoftheRing,

TheTwoTowers,and

TheReturnoftheKing.ComprehensionCheckFillinthemissinginformationbyreferringtothetextforclues..1.FrodoputsontheRing,awakening___________,whoisnowawareoftheRing’spresence.2.Samstandsuptosee_______strugglingfuriouslywithaninvisibleenemy.3.Gollumdancesattheedgeofthecrack,screaming,“________!”4.Gollumloseshisbalanceandfallsintothefiresof__________.5.SamcarriesFrodooutofthetunnelandhasavisionofallof______fallingatonce.

theDarkLordGollumPreciousMountDoomMordorComprehensionCheckII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.WhenFrodolooksoutoverthefiresofMountDoom,whatdoeshesay?A.“Iwillnotdothisdeed.TheRingismine!”B.“MyPrecious!OmyPrecious!”C.“TheQuestisachieved.”D.“Well,thisistheend.”2.WhatmagicabilitydoestheRinggivetothebearer?A.Firebreathing.B.Immortality.C.Healingpower.D.InvisibilityADComprehensionCheck3.Bywhatnameisthisfearsomevolcanoknown?A.Orodruin.B.Fanuidhol.C.Methedras.D.Gargul.4.HowdoesGolluminjureFrodo?A.HebitesoffFrodo’sfinger.B.HestabsFrodowithadagger.C.HepushesFrodointothelava.D.HehitsFrodowitharock.5.WhodestroystheRing?A.Frodo.B.Sam.C.Gollum.D.Gandalf.AACIII.DoesFrodosucceedindestroyingtheRing?Whatmakeshimfailorsucceed?Explainwithtextualevidence.Suggestedanswer:Frodofailedinhiswill,buttheQuestsucceededbecauseofhischaracterandthemercyshownbyothers.​I.Thefailure:ThecorruptionofwillTextualevidence:​“‘Ihavecome,’hesaid.‘ButIdonotchoosenowtodowhatIcametodo.Iwillnotdothisdeed.TheRingismine!’”

II.Thesuccess:AtriumphofprovidenceandpitySam’sloyalty:​WithoutSam,heneverreachesMountDoom.Frodo’spity:​EarliermercyshowntoGollum(“EvenGollummayhavesomethingyettodo”)providesthealternativepathtotheRing’sdestruction.Gollum’srole—instrumentoffate:HeattacksFrodo,bitesoffthefingerholdingtheRing,andinhistriumphantdance,fallsintothefire.

Textualevidence:​“Butforhim,Sam,IcouldnothavedestroyedtheRing.TheQuestwouldhavebeeninvain,evenatthebitterend.”

IV.ConsideringthenatureoftheRing,doyouthinkGollum’sendisanironicaccidentoranatural(butnotinevitable)resultofcircumstances?Suggestedanswer:Itisbothdramaticirony​(hedestroyshimselfwhilecelebrating)andinevitableconsequence.TheRing’scorrosivedesireconsumesitsbearer.Gollum’sobsessionwiththe“Precious”isthedriverofallhisactions,sohisdestructionisadirectresultofhisnature,notpureaccident.Textualevidence:​“Precious,precious,precious!”Gollumcried.“MyPrecious!OmyPrecious!”Andwiththat,evenashiseyeswerelifteduptogloatonhisprize,hesteppedtoofar,toppled...andfell.

Gollum’scelebrationofvictorydirectlycauseshisdefeat.Thisirony,however,servesahigherpurposethanmerechance.Itunderscoresthefutilityandself-destructivenatureofevil.ExtensionActivity

I.Giventhethemeof“GoodprevailsoverEvil,”inwhatwaydoesTolkiensubverttraditionalexpectationsofheroismandpower?Suggestedanswer:J.R.R.Tolkienprofoundlysubvertsthetraditional,epic-heroicmechanicsofhowthisvictoryisachieved.Thesubversionofthe“GreatMan”hero:Theultimatevictoryiswonnotbytheking,butbythemostinsignificantbeingsinMiddle-earth:Hobbits.Frodoisnotawarrior;heisagentle,middle-agedhobbitfromtheShire.Hisheroismliesnotinfighting,butinbearingab