上海市松江区2025-2026学年4月高三总复习阶段模拟练习英语试卷答案

松江区2025学年高三总复习阶段模拟练习高三英语(满分115分，完卷时间105分钟)2026.04学生注意：1．本练习设练习卷和答题纸两部分，练习卷包括题目与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在练习卷上一律不得分。2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和学生编号。3．答题纸与练习卷在题目编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。Ⅰ．GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FindingFocusinaDistractedWorldItisreallyhardtopreventyourmindfromwandering.Mostpeopleremember____1____(tell)tostopdaydreamingandfocusatschool;foradults,maintainingconcentrationremainsachallenge.Therefore,thereisnecessityforustounderstandthesciencebehindfocusandrecognizetheverystrategies____2____canmakeasubstantialdifference.Scientists,aftertheirexplorationof____3____ourbrain’sconcentrationisenhanced,haveuncoveredpracticalstrategiesforstaying“inthezone”.AccordingtoScienceFocus,managingyourenvironmentisessential.Silenceoffersthebestconditionsfordeepconcentration.Andgentlebackgroundnoise,____4____coffeeshoptalking,alsoshowseffectivenessinimprovingconcentration.Furthermore,switchingoffinstantmessagesorpoweringdownsmartphones____5____(remove)significantdigitaldistractionsandsharpensfocusonimmediatetasks.Besidesenvironmentaladjustments,anothereffectivemethodinvolvesmentaltraining.AttentionresearcherNilliLaviefromUniversityCollegeLondonhasdiscoveredthatmakingtasksvisuallyexhaustingoccupiesmoreprocessingpower,decreasingthepossibilityfordistractions.Andthisdiscoverysuggeststhat____6____(strengthen)ourabilitytomaintainattention,weshouldtrainourmindtoactivatemoreprocessingpowerwhenfacingtasks.Morepracticaltechniquesareintroducedtokeepyourmind____7____(concentrate)onwhatyouaredoing.Selectingaworkspacefreefromtemptation,creatingato-dolistrankingtasksclearly,orevenchewinggumprovesbeneficial.Researchsuggestschewingmayoccupycertainbrainregionsthatareeasilydistracted,thusanchoringattentionmoreeffectively.Thesebehavioraladjustmentsworkwonderfullywellrespectively,andwhencombined,theycanimprovefocustoa____8____(great)extent.Nevertheless,distractionisnotentirelynegative.ScienceFocusnotesthatconstant,steadyfocuswouldcauseustooverlookpotentialthreatsandotherimportantenvironmentalchanges.Inthissense,distractionservesanessentialsurvivalfunction.Thekeytakeawayisbalance:____9____weshouldapplystrategiestoimproveconcentration,wemustrecognizethatadistraction-freestateisneitherrealisticnordesirable.Ultimately,abalancedmentalstate,____10____thatallowsforbothfocusedworkandenvironmentalawareness,remainsthehealthiestlong-termapproach.【答案】1.beingtold2.that3.how4.like##including5.removes6.tostrengthen7.concentrated8.greater9.while##although##though10.one##something【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在分心的世界中保持专注的科学原理、实用策略，以及专注与分心之间的平衡的重要性。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数人记得在学校里被告诉要停止做白日梦，集中注意力；对于成年人来说，保持专注仍然是一项挑战。主语Mostpeople与tell之间是被动关系，且rememberdoingsth表示“记得做过某事”，所以用动名词的被动式beingtold。故填beingtold。【2题详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，我们有必要了解专注背后的科学，并认识到那些能产生重大影响的策略。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为strategies，指物，且从句中缺少主语，thevery修饰先行词时，定语从句引导词用that。故填that。【3题详解】考查宾语从句引。句意：科学家们在探索我们大脑的专注力如何被提升之后，发现了保持“专注状态”的实用策略。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，结合句意，此处表示“如何提升专注力”，所以用连接副词how。故填how。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：而温和的背景噪音，比如咖啡馆里的交谈声，也被证明能有效提高专注力。空格所在完整句子为结合句意，此处是举例说明温和的背景噪音，介词like/including表示“比如、包括”，符合语境。故填like/including。【5题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，关闭即时消息或关机可以消除明显的数字干扰，提高对当前任务的专注力。此处为谓语动词，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以用removes“消除”。故填removes。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一发现表明，为了提高我们保持注意力的能力，我们应该训练我们的大脑在面对任务时激活更多的处理能力。从句中已有谓语动词shouldtrain，此处用非谓语动词，表示“为了提高专注力”，所以用动词不定式。故填tostrengthen。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：文中介绍了更多实用技巧，让你的注意力集中在你正在做的事情上。空处作宾语补足语，mind与concentrate之间是被动关系，指注意力被集中，所以用过去分词。故填concentrated。【8题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这些行为调整各自都非常有效，当结合起来时，它们能在更大程度上提高专注力。结合句意，此处暗含“结合后比单独使用效果更好”的比较，所以用great“极大的”的比较级greater。故填greater。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：关键在于平衡：虽然我们应该运用策略来提高专注力，但我们必须认识到，完全不分心的状态既不现实也不可取。结合句意，前后句之间是转折关系，while/although/though均表示“虽然、尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故填while/although/though。【10题详解】考查代词。句意：最终，一种平衡的精神状态——一种既允许专注工作又能关注环境的状态——仍然是最健康的长期方法。此处作abalancedmentalstate的同位语，泛指“一种状态”，用one/something，后接that引导的定语从句，符合逻辑。故填one/something。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accomplishB.barelyC.contrastD.decentE.demandsF.harmonyG.multipleH.otherwiseI.rewardsJ.sourcesK.timelyWhyArePhotosTakenDuringBlueHour?Asaprofessionalphotographer,I’vetakenmanyofmyfavoritepicturesatbluehour—thetimeofdaybeforesunriseoraftersunsetwhentheatmospherehasadeep,darkbluecolor.Bluehourisnotreallyanhour—itsexactlengthdependsonyourlocation,timeofyear,andweatherconditions.Theimportantthingisthatthesunisa(n)____11____waybeneaththehorizonsotheskyhasneithertoomanynortoofewsunriseorsunsetcolors—mainlyjustblue.Therearereasonswhybluehourissoprecious.First,notasmanypeopletakephotosatbluehourcomparedtosunriseandsunset.Thisgivesyouthechancetocaptureappealingimagesatpopularlocationswithlimitedorevenzerocrowds.Second,bluehourseizescertainemotionsinthescenesthatare____12____trickytoexpress.Thecolorbluecarriesitsownuniqueemotionalexpression:sadness,peace,andsoon.Ifyourphoto____13____suchemotionalexpression,it’shardtoignorethistimeofday.Third,bluehourcombinestonesofaphotointoanintegratedwhole.Ioncestruggledtokeepcolorsinmyphotosin____14____forthebestpossibleresultsbutfailed.Fortunately,themagicpowerofbluehourhelpsto____15____that.Greentrees,yellowflowersandredrocksallappearsomekindofblue—____16____colorsgoalongwellintheimagestakenatthattime.Fourth,thereispossibilitythatother____17____oflight,suchaswarmlightfrombuildings,createanimportantcircumstancewhenportionsofyourphotodonotturnblueduringthebluehour.Insuchacase,yourphotohasabeautifulorange-bluecolor____18____—alovelyflavorbeyonditspreviousharmoniouspresence.However,thereisusuallyonlyabriefwindowwhenthenaturalandartificiallightsareaboutthesamebrightness,soa(n)____19____clickofthecamerabuttonisthecriticalsteptomakeforthemostevenexposurebetweenthem.Inspiteofthecarefultechniquesandrightsettingsthebluehourphotographyrequires,it____20____youwithgreatpictures.Theemotionsofbluehourdonotworkforeachsceneorphoto,butwhentheydo,youwillbeamazed.【答案】11.D12.H13.E14.F15.A16.G17.J18.C19.K20.I【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：作为专业摄影师，作者介绍了蓝调时刻适合拍照的原因，以及蓝调时刻摄影的注意事项和收获。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：重要的是，太阳刚好在地平线以下，所以天空中的日出或日落颜色既不太多也不太少——主要只是蓝色。空格处修饰waybeneaththehorizon，需要一个形容词，decent在这里作形容词可理解为“恰当的”，说明太阳刚好在地平线以下这个状态，符合语境。故选D项。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：其次，蓝色时段捕捉到了场景中某些难以表达的情感。空格处修饰形容词“tricky”，“otherwise”作为副词，意思是“否则，要不然”，在这里表示这些情感“要不然”是难以表达的，即这些情感相当难以表达，符合语境。故选H项。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：如果你的照片需要这样的情感表达，就很难忽略一天中的这个时段。空格处为条件状语从句中的谓语动词，主语yourphoto代指单数名词，demands“需要；要求”为动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选E项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：我曾经努力让照片中的色彩保持和谐以达到最佳效果，却失败了。空格处为介词in的宾语，harmony“和谐”为名词，“keep...inharmony”是固定搭配，表示“使……保持和谐”，符合句意。故选F项。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：幸运的是，蓝调时刻的神奇魔力有助于实现这一点。空格处为helpto后的动词原形，accomplish“实现；完成”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：绿树、黄花和红岩都呈现出某种蓝色——多种颜色在此时拍摄的画面中十分协调。空格处为定语，修饰名词colors，multiple“多种的；多样的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：第四，有可能其他光源，如建筑物发出的暖光，在蓝色时段你的照片部分没有变成蓝色时，会创造一个重要的环境。空格处为介词of的宾语，sources意为“来源”，符合语境，表示其他光的来源。故选J项。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，你的照片会呈现出美丽的橙蓝色彩对比——一种超越此前和谐感的美妙格调。空格处为句子宾语，contrast“对比；对照”为名词，colorcontrast意为“色彩对比”，符合句意。故选C项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，自然光与人造光亮度相当的时间通常很短暂，所以及时按下快门是让两者曝光最均匀的关键一步。空格处为定语，修饰名词click，timely“及时的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：尽管蓝调时刻摄影需要精心的技巧和正确的设置，但它会用出色的照片回报你。空格处为句子谓语动词，主语it代指蓝调时刻摄影，rewards“奖励；回报”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。Ⅱ．ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ResearchersfromRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteandYaleUniversityhavesuccessfullydevelopeda3Dbioprintingmethodthatproducesworkingartificialskinwithfullbloodvessel(血管)networks.Thisrepresentsanimportantstepforwardinmakingskin____21____thatcansuccessfullyjoinwiththebody’soriginalsystem.Currentmedicalchoicesforseriousburnsufferersandpatientswithlargewoundsremain____22____.Oneisself-donatedskintransplants.Whileusefulwhentheywork,theymaycausenewwoundsatthedonationareasandareoftenrestrictedbyhowmuchhealthyskinisavailable,whichcanbevery____23____forpatientswithextensiveburns.Theotherchoiceisthestandardartificialskinproduct,usuallymadefromanimalskin.Theyactasshort-termbiologicalcoveringsthatlackfunctionalbloodvesselsandoftenmeetimmune(免疫的)system____24____.Thiscancausetissuedamage,andtheeventuallossofthetransplant.Moreadvancedalternativesthatcan____25____humanskin’sstructureandfunctionareinurgentneed.____26____,theresearchteamusesaspecialbio-inktoreproducetheskin.Theyuseskincellsfrompartofababy’sbodytoconstitutethe____27____.Fortheunderlyinglayer,theyuseamixtureofcellsfromababy’sbloodfromthebirthcord(脐带)andastickysubstancefromrattails.Afterthelayer-by-layerprinting,thecellsformdetailedbloodvesselnetworkssimilarto____28____bloodvessels.Testresultshaveshownoutstandingsuccessinanimalstudies,withartificialskinshowingworkingbloodvessels____29____themice’sownbloodflowwithinfourweeks.Thisallowscontinuousbloodflowbetweentheoriginalsystemandthe____30____boostingsurvivalandtissuedevelopment.Despitethese____31____developments,alongjourneyliesaheadbeforemedicalusebecomespossible.Researchersfirstneedtodevelopfully____32____alternativesbecausethecurrentuseofanimalskinrisksimmunereactions.____33____,thetechnologyrequiresfurtherdevelopmenttoincludeimportantskinpartssuchashairrootsandfeelingnerves.Andskincolorcontrol,achievable____34____byaddingcolorcells,needsexperimentalassessmenttoensuresteadyandvisuallymatchingresultsacrossdifferentpatientgroups.Thoughthingslikeovercomingregulatorybarriersposeequallycriticalchallengesalongsidetechnicaldevelopment,thesciencecommunitywidelyagreesthat3Dbioprintingholdssignificantpotentialto____35____burnandwoundcare.21.A.replacements B.boosters C.dressings D.infections22.A.complicated B.tough C.unsatisfactory D.conscious23.A.plentiful B.scarce C.meaningless D.confusing24.A.recognition B.rejection C.tolerance D.ignorance25.A.affect B.polish C.alter D.copy26.A.Tosetanexample B.Tocomparewiththis C.Toaddressthis D.Tomakeitclear27.A.edge B.surface C.tip D.structure28.A.natural B.temporary C.available D.special29.A.reactingagainst B.withdrawingfrom C.settlingon D.integratingwith30.A.implant B.donor C.animal D.tissue31.A.promising B.slight C.expensive D.elementary32.A.government-funded B.mass-produced C.human-based D.lab-made33.A.However B.Additionally C.Therefore D.Accordingly34.A.onpurpose B.atrandom C.byaccident D.intheory35.A.maintain B.transform C.publicize D.enrich【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.C27.B28.A29.D30.A31.A32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是伦斯勒理工学院和耶鲁大学的研究人员成功开发出一种3D生物打印方法，可制造出带有完整血管网络的功能性人工皮肤，这标志着在制造能与人体原有系统成功结合的皮肤替代品方面取得重要进展。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这标志着在制造能够成功与人体原有系统结合的皮肤替代品方面向前迈出了重要一步。A.replacements替代品；B.boosters助推器；C.dressings敷料；D.infections感染。根据上文“a3Dbioprintingmethodthatproducesworkingartificialskinwithfullbloodvessel(血管)networks”可知，一种3D生物打印技术能够制造出具有完整血管网络的可使用的人造皮肤，因此此处指制造能够成功与人体原有系统结合的皮肤替代品。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，对于严重烧伤患者和大面积伤口患者，医疗选择仍然不能令人满意。A.complicated复杂的；B.tough艰难的；C.unsatisfactory不能令人满意的；D.conscious有意识的。根据后文“Oneisself-donatedskintransplants.Whileusefulwhentheywork,theymaycausenewwoundsatthedonationareasandareoftenrestrictedbyhowmuchhealthyskinisavailable”和“Theotherchoiceisthestandardartificialskinproduct,usuallymadefromanimalskin.Theyactasshort-termbiologicalcoveringsthatlackfunctionalbloodvessels”对两种医疗选择的描述可知，目前的医疗选择都有局限性，不能令人满意。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然当它们起作用时是有用的，但它们可能会在捐赠部位造成新的伤口，并且常常受到可用健康皮肤数量的限制，这对于大面积烧伤的患者来说是非常稀缺的。A.plentiful丰富的；B.scarce稀缺的；C.meaningless无意义的；D.confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“restrictedbyhowmuchhealthyskinisavailable”和下文“forpatientswithextensiveburns”可知，对于大面积烧伤的患者来说，健康皮肤是非常稀缺的。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们作为缺乏功能性血管的短期生物覆盖物，经常会遇到免疫系统的排斥。A.recognition识别；B.rejection排斥；C.tolerance容忍；D.ignorance忽视。根据下文“Thiscancausetissuedamage,andtheeventuallossofthetransplant.”可知，免疫系统会排斥标准的人工皮肤产品，导致组织损伤和移植失败。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：迫切需要能够复制人类皮肤结构和功能的更先进的替代品。A.affect影响；B.polish抛光；C.alter改变；D.copy复制。根据“humanskin’sstructureandfunction”可知，此处指复制人类皮肤的结构和功能。故选D。【26题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，研究小组使用了一种特殊的生物墨水来复制皮肤。A.Tosetanexample举例；B.Tocomparewiththis与此相比；C.Toaddressthis为了解决这个问题；D.Tomakeitclear为了弄清楚。根据上文提到标准的人工皮肤产品存在的问题以及下文研究小组的做法可知，此处指为了解决这个问题，研究小组使用了一种特殊的生物墨水来复制皮肤。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们用婴儿身体一部分的皮肤细胞构成表层。A.edge边缘；B.surface表面；C.tip尖端；D.structure结构。根据下文“Fortheunderlyinglayer”可知，此处指构成皮肤的表层。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在逐层打印后，细胞形成类似于天然血管的详细血管网络。A.natural天然的；B.temporary暂时的；C.available可获得的；D.special特别的。根据上文“thecellsformdetailedbloodvesselnetworkssimilarto”和下文“bloodvessels”可知，此处指细胞形成类似于天然血管的详细血管网络。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：测试结果在动物实验中表现出了显著的成功，人造皮肤中的血管在四周内就与小鼠自身的血液循环实现了融合。A.reactingagainst反抗；B.withdrawingfrom退出；C.settlingon选定；D.integratingwith与……整合。根据上文“workingbloodvessels”以及下文“boostingsurvivalandtissuedevelopment”可知，人工皮肤显示出的功能性血管与小鼠自身血液流动整合。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使得原始系统和移植体之间的持续血液流动成为可能，促进了存活和组织发育。A.implant移植体；B.donor捐赠者；C.animal动物；D.tissue组织。根据上文“artificialskinshowingworkingbloodvessels”可知，此处指人工皮肤这一移植体。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些有前景的发展，但在医疗应用成为可能之前还有很长的路要走。A.promising有前景的；B.slight轻微的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.elementary基本的。根据上文“Testresultshaveshownoutstandingsuccessinanimalstudies”可知，这些发展是有前景的。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员首先需要开发完全基于人类的替代品，因为目前使用动物皮肤有免疫反应的风险。A.government-funded政府资助的；B.mass-produced大规模生产的；C.human-based基于人类的；D.lab-made实验室制造的。根据上文“becausethecurrentuseofanimalskinrisksimmunereactions”可知，目前使用动物皮肤有免疫反应的风险，所以需要开发完全基于人类的替代品。故选C。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，该技术还需要进一步发展，以包括重要的皮肤部分，如毛囊和感觉神经。A.However然而；B.Additionally此外；C.Therefore因此；D.Accordingly相应地。上文提到需要开发完全基于人类的替代品，此处指此外该技术还需要进一步发展，上下文是递进关系。故选B。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：而皮肤颜色控制，理论上可以通过添加色素细胞来实现，需要进行实验评估，以确保在不同患者群体中获得稳定且视觉上匹配的结果。A.onpurpose故意地；B.atrandom随机地；C.byaccident偶然地；D.intheory理论上。根据下文“needsexperimentalassessment”可知，皮肤颜色控制理论上可以通过添加色素细胞来实现，但还需要进行实验评估。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管诸如克服监管障碍这类问题与技术发展一样也是至关重要的挑战，但科学界普遍认为，3D生物打印在改变烧伤和伤口护理方面具有巨大的潜力。A.maintain维持；B.transform转变；C.publicize宣传；D.enrich丰富。根据第二段描述的对于严重烧伤患者和大面积伤口患者，医疗选择仍然不能令人满意以及上文“3Dbioprintingholdssignificantpotential”和下文“burnandwoundcare”可知，此处指3D生物打印可以改变烧伤和伤口护理的现状。故选B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ThesummerIturned40,Istartedrunning—notinanathleticordisciplinedway,butdesperately,almostbreathlessly.Iwasstrugglingwithanxietyaftergivingbirthtooursecondchild.Mymindfeltlikearoomwith100voices,allofthemscreaming.Icouldn’tquietthepanic.Adoctorsuggestedthatinsteadoftryingtocalmmythoughts,Ishouldtrytoconnectwithmybody.“Startsmall,”shesaid,“Justmove.”So,Iputonanoldpairofsportsshoes.Mygoalwastoruntotheendofmystreet—justonemailboxdown.Imadeit,butmylungsburnedandmylegsshook.Iwalkedhome,defeated.Yet,thenextday,Itriedagain.Andthedayafterthat.Slowly,themailboxturnedintotwomailboxes,thenalaparoundtheblock.Iwasslow.Iwasawkward.ButIwasmoving.Duringthoseruns,Ibegantounderstandsomething.Running,especiallywhenyoudon’tfeellikeit,isanactofleadershipoveryourownsoul.Youareboththepresidentandthecitizenofyourbody.Thepartofyouthatwantstoquit,togohome,tocollapseonthesofa,isthetiredcitizen.Thepartofyouthatsays,“Justonemorestep,”“Justtothattree,”isthepresident—theonewhomustdecideforthegoodofthewhole,whomustcarrytheweightoftheeffortevenwhenit’shard.Myanxietyhadmademeapassivepassengerinmyownlife.Runningtaughtmehowtoshowupandlead.Itwasonarun,aboutthreemonthsin,strugglingupahill,thataclearthoughtbrokethroughthementalnoise:“Iamdoingsomethinghard,andIamokay.”Mybody,whichhadfeltliketherootofmyfailure(tootired,tooweak,tooanxious),becametherootofmystrength.Ineverranamarathon.Mypacenevergotimpressivelyfast.ButIlearnedtorunlikeapresident:tomakethehardchoicetomoveforwardwheneveryfiberwantstostop;39.36.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Silencingthe100Voices B.FromMailboxestoMarathonsC.RunningasthePresidentofYourOwnLife D.TheRestorativePowerofaDoctor’sAdvice37.Whydidthewriterstartrunning?A.Todealwithherhearingproblem. B.Tomanageanxietythroughmovement.C.Tocounterthepanicaboutagingafter40. D.Tocreatepersonalspaceinacrowdedworld.38.Thesentence“Runningtaughtmehowtoshowupandlead.”inparagraph5indicatesthat______.A.IfiguredouthowtoshowupontherunningtrackB.runningtaughtmetoletthebodynaturallyleadthesoulC.IdiscoveredhowtotakecontrolofmylifethroughrunningD.runninghelpedmestopbeingpassiveandstartleadingothers39.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheblankinthelastparagraph?A.toclaimmypresenceinadistantworld—tofeelrealagainB.tokeepgoingevenwhenIcan’trunfast—toleadaslowlifeC.tomeetthepartofmyselfIrunawayfrom—theimperfectpartD.tobearthediscomfortforagreatergood—thegoodofmyownlife【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。【36题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段中“Running,especiallywhenyoudon’tfeellikeit,isanactofleadershipoveryourownsoul.(跑步，尤其是在你不想跑的时候，是一种掌控自己灵魂的行为)”，第五段中“Runningtaughtmehowtoshowupandlead.(跑步教会了我如何出现并引领)”可知，文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。全文围绕跑步带来的这种“掌控自我”的感悟展开。选项C“RunningasthePresidentofYourOwnLife(作为自己生命的主宰去跑步)”精准概括了文章主旨，可以作为本文标题。故选C项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Iwasstrugglingwithanxietyaftergivingbirthtooursecondchild.Mymindfeltlikearoomwith100voices,allofthemscreaming.Icouldn’tquietthepanic.Adoctorsuggestedthatinsteadoftryingtocalmmythoughts,Ishouldtrytoconnectwithmybody.

(生完第二个孩子后，我一直被焦虑所困扰。我的大脑就像一个满是100种声音的房间，所有声音都在尖叫。我无法平息这种惊恐。一位医生建议我，与其试图平复思绪，不如试着与身体建立连接)”可知，作者开始跑步是为了通过运动来应对产后焦虑，即通过与身体连接来管理情绪。故选B项。【38题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段前文“Myanxietyhadmademeapassivepassengerinmyownlife.(焦虑让我在自己的生活中成为一个被动的乘客)”以及后文“Iamdoingsomethinghard,andIamokay.(我正在做一件难事，而且我很好)”可知，跑步让作者从被动的生活状态转变为主动掌控的状态。划线句表明跑步教会了作者如何掌控自己的生活。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thepartofyouthatsays,“Justonemorestep,”“Justtothattree,”isthepresident—theonewhomustdecideforthegoodofthewhole,whomustcarrytheweightoftheeffortevenwhenit’shard.(那个说“再多走一步”“就到那棵树为止”的部分是主宰——它必须为了整体的利益做决定，即使很难，也必须承担努力的重负)”可知，作者将跑步中坚持的行为定义为为了整体利益（即自己的人生）而承受不适。最后一段是对这一感悟的总结，选项D“tobearthediscomfortforagreatergood—thegoodofmyownlife(为了更大的利益——自己人生的利益，去承受不适)”与前文逻辑一致，点明了跑步的深层意义。故选D项。(B)HowtoObserveVariableStarsVariablestarsare,asthenamesuggests,starsthatvaryinbrightness.Theycanbeinterestingtoobserve,andthisiswhereamateurastronomycanmakegreatcontributionstotheprofessionalarea.Step1:FindingVariableStars#1Gooutobservingstars.Gooutandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththestars.#2Identifyavariablestaryouwanttoobserve(targetstar).#3Findacoupleofnon-variablestars(guidestars)nearyourstar.Thesestarsshouldbeofasimilarbrightnesstoyourtargetstar.#4Comparehowbrightthevariablestaristotheguidestarseverynight.Step2:RecordingYourObservations#1Getyourselfanotebookandapencil.Ifyouneedaflashlight,placearedfilter(过滤器)whenthelightshinesthrough.Usingaflashlightwithoutdoingthiswillruinyournightvision.#2Atthetop,writedownthenameofthetargetstarandthentheguidestars.#3Everynight,recordhowbrightyourtargetstariscomparedtotheguidestars.Writedownthedateandtimeaswell.#4Trydrawingachartofhowyourtargetstarchangesinitsbrightness.Thechartcanhelpyouidentifywhattypeofvariablestaryouareobserving.Step3:IdentifyingtheTypes#1Basedonyourchart,judgeifyourtargetstarbelongstothemaintypesortherarertypesofvariablestars.Themaintypesgenerallyhaveregularandpredictablevariations,whiletherarertypesdon’t.#2Ifyourtargetstarbelongstothemaintypesofvariablestars,clickhereforreferencechartstoidentifyitssubtype.Ifitbelongstotherarertypes,refertothefollowingexplanationsandreferencecharts.·Flarestarsspendmostoftheirtimeatalowbrightness,andsometimes,forafewminutes,jumpupinbrightness.·Recurrentnovaearesimilartoflarestars,buttheyhavemuchgreaterjumpsinbrightness,andjumpsarealotrarer.·RCoronaeBorealisstarsspendmosttimeattheirmaximumbrightness.Atunpredictableintervals,theirbrightnessdecreasesquickly,andthengoesbackup.·Supernovaearerareevents.Whenastarrunsoutoffuel,itslifechangesdramatically.Theyareincrediblybright,butseeingonewiththenakedeyecanbeaonce-in-a-lifetimeevent.(*Intheabovereferencecharts,TstandsforTIME;BstandsforBRIGHTNESS)40.Wecanlearnaboutstarobservationfromthepassagethat______.A.guidestarsshouldbechosenbeforeatargetstarB.properuseofflashlightsrequiresanextradeviceC.SupernovaearebetterobservedwiththenakedeyeD.drawingchartsisaimedtocomparethetargetstars41.WhichofthefollowingchartbestillustratesthechangeinbrightnessofaRecurrentnovae?A. B.C. D.42.Thispassageistakenfromawebsite.Fromwhichsectionwillwemostlikelyfindit?A.CareerPlanning B.Sightseeing C.Familyvacations D.ProductiveHobbies【答案】40.B41.A42.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是如何观测变星。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据Step2:RecordingYourObservations部分#1中的“Ifyouneedaflashlight,placearedfilter(过滤器)whenthelightshinesthrough.(如果需要手电筒的话，在光线透过时放置一个红色滤镜。)”可知，正确使用手电筒需要配备额外的设备。故选B。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据Step3:IdentifyingtheTypes中的“·Flarestarsspendmostoftheirtimeatalowbrightness,andsometimes,forafewminutes,jumpupinbrightness.(·耀星大部分时间处于低亮度状态，有时亮度会突然升高，并持续几分钟。)”和“·Recurrentnovaearesimilartoflarestars,buttheyhavemuchgreaterjumpsinbrightness,andjumpsarealotrarer.(·再发新星与耀星类似，但它们的亮度变化幅度要大得多，而且亮度突增的情况更为罕见。)”可知，再发新星大部分时间处于低亮度状态，有时亮度会突然升高，并持续几分钟，亮度变化幅度比耀星大，而且亮度突增的情况更为罕见，因此A选项中的图表可以清晰地展示再发新星的亮度变化情况。故选A。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theycanbeinterestingtoobserve,andthisiswhereamateurastronomycanmakegreatcontributionstotheprofessionalarea.(观测变星颇具趣味，而且在这一领域，业余天文学能够为专业研究做出重大贡献。)”可知，观测变星可以为专业研究做出重大贡献，因此这是有益身心的，所以这篇文章可能在富有成效的爱好这一板块中被找到。故选D。(C)Whatmakesthebrainabletohelpusperformcomplextasksinanamazingway?Precisionisn’ttheanswer;instead,itallcomesdowntothebrain’smessiness.Hengen,abiologistatWashingtonUniversity,togetherwithotherscientists,referstothisideaasthecriticalbrainhypothesis(假说).Accordingtothem,greymatterinourbrainliesnearatippingpointbetweenorderanddisorderthattheycallthecriticalzone.Theyreachtheconclusionthatcriticality—thestateofbeinginthecriticalzone—offersapowerfulsetofguidelinesforunderstandingbrainfunctionanddysfunction.Therefore,thehypothesismayaidustofigureoutthedivideinintelligenceandthepurposeofsleep,amongotherthings.Whatmakespeoplesmarter?Thatthehealthybrain,whileawake,nevermovestoofarfromcriticalitysuggeststhatitmustcarrysomegreatadvantages.Oneofthemistherangeofinformationsendingandprocessing.Sincethecriticalsystemsarescale-invariant,signalscanbepassedoverbothsmallandlargedistancesinthebrain,whichenablescommunicationbothwithinandbetweendifferentbrainregions.Thefactthatahealthybraincanexploretheentirespaceforsolutionsguaranteesitsexcellentadaptivenesstonewsituations.AndtheenhancedflexibilityarisingfromthecriticalzonecouldbeseeninanexperimentdoneinFinland.Theparticipantshadtoplayacomputergamethatconstantlychangeditsrules,whichrequiredthemtoupdatetheirapproachquickly.Theclosertheirbrainsweretothecriticalpoint,thebettertheyperformed.Itisalsosuspectedthatthebrain’sclosenesstothecriticalpointmaybeespeciallyimportantforcreativity.Whydopeoplesleep?Largedeparturesfromthecriticalzone—eitherintoorderordisorder—maycausebraindysfunction.Thelongerweworkthebrain,thefurtheritmovesfromthetippingpoint,butsleephelpstotuneitback.Hengenfoundthatwithoutthatrestperiod,thebrainwouldfailtoreachitsbeststate,resultinginthereductionofcognitive(认知的)performancethathaslongbeenknowntoaccompanysleeplessness.AccordingtoO’ByrnefromtheUniversityofMontreal,themostimportantfunctionofsleepmaybetoallowthebrain’sconnectionstobeadjustedandtoreturnwhole-braindynamicstothecriticalpoint.43.Whatdoestheexpressionthisideainparagraph2mean?A.Thestructureofthebrainisacomplexsystem.B.Precisionofthetasksaffectsthebrain’sfunction.C.Thebrainisabletocompletegiventasksinanamazingway.D.Messinessofthebrainenablesittohandlecomplexproblems.44.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that______.A.adapta