2025北京中学高二9月月考英语试题及答案

高中2025北京北京中学高二9月月考英语（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Hi,thisisSasha,”ayoungwomansangoutasthecustomerservicelinewasfinallyconnected.“HowcanIhelpyoutoday?”Hertoneannoyedme.Iwasinno____1____forpleasantries(客套).MyfriendsandImadeadinnerreservationatafancyrestaurant.TheskirtI’dorderedfromthiscompanywouldbe____2____forit.ThiswasthethirdtimeI’dordered.AndthethirdtimeI’dreceivedthewrongitem!Someonehadto____3____this!“Isthishowyoutreata20-yearcustomer?”Idemanded.“I’veneverseensuchterrible____4____.It’sarealshame,Sasha!”Finally,Idrewabreathandwaited.Afteramoment,she____5____,notinkindbutinkindness.“Iamsosorry,Ms.Messner.Iwillgotofindthecorrectskirtmyself.CanIputyouonholdbriefly?”Soonenough,Iheardhersamecalmvoiceagain,“Ijustconsultedmymanager.We’llsendtheskirttoyouatno____6____andrefundyourmoneyinfull.Also,you’llfinda$50giftcardwithit.Iwantyoutoknowthatwe____7____youasacustomer.”“Thankyou,Sasha.”Ihungup,____8____anddisappointedinmyself.IfeltuneasyabouthowI’dtreatedtheyoungwomanwiththepleasantvoice.Inmyyearsasanurse,I’dtakencallsfromangrypeople.Theirwordshadoften____9____me.AndyetherewasSasha,goingoutofherwaytosolvemyproblem.Thenextmorning,Itelephonedthecallcenterandgotthroughtothemanager,askinghertoletSashaknowIwassorry.NowwhenIfeelmyselfgettingimpatientatwork,Itakeadeepbreathandsay,as____10____asSashamight,“Whatdidyousayyournamewasagain?”1.A.mood B.shape C.hurry D.position2.A.basic B.perfect C.ordinary D.expensive3.A.relyon B.agreewith C.stickto D.answerfor4.A.advice B.service C.reply D.damage5.A.claimed B.responded C.criticized D.whispered6.A.loss B.risk C.point D.charge7.A.value B.award C.tolerate D.remember8.A.relaxed B.confused C.astonished D.embarrassed9.A.fooled B.struck C.wounded D.frightened10.A.smartly B.directly C.sweetly D.seriously第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme,science____11____(be)asubjectfullofstrangewordstome.Ihadnoideawhathydrogenwas,andIdidn’treallywanttoknow,either!Ifounditallsoboringanddifficult.ButMrJenkinsmadeeverything____12____(interest).Heusedtoexplainthingswhichseemeddifficultwithlotsofpracticalexamplesand____13____simplelanguage.Oneday,hetookusoutside,andwebuiltarocket!Irememberthatheletmepoursomefuelintotherocket,andthenanotherstudentlitamatch____14____(set)itoff.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Canpeerpressureleadtobullying?Peerpressuredefinitelyplaysaroleinbullying.Ifateenager____15____(see)asweakordifferentbythemajorityoftheirpeers,theycanbecomeatargetforbullies.Bulliespickeasytargets-peoplewhoareoutsidethepeergroupandwhomthegroupisunlikelytodefend.____16____(fortunate),somebulliesarepopularandmayevenleadthepeergroup,____17____meansothersarelesslikelytochallengetheirbehaviour.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everyonehasadifferentpersonality.Itis____18____makespeopleindividualandunique.However,therearesomesharedpersonalityqualitieswhichletustalkaboutpersonality“types”.Oneofthemostbasicpersonality____19____(different)isbetweenextrovertsandintroverts.Thesetermsareusedinmanytheoriesaboutpersonalitytypes.They____20____(make)popularbytheimportantSwisspsychiatristCarlJung(1875-1961),althoughhedidnotinventthem.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWorldHealthDayTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)wasfoundedon7April1948tobetteraddressglobalhealthissues.Everyyear,theWorldHealthAssemblymeetsinGenevainSwitzerlandtoreviewWHO’swork,setnewgoalsandassignnewtasks.Thedayiscelebratedannuallyon7April.WorldBookDayWorldBookDaywascreatedon23April1995byUNESCO,asitistheanniversaryofthedeathofWilliamShakespeareandofIncaGarcilasodelaVega,thefamousSpanishhistorian.Bookshavebeeneducatingandinspiringpeopleforhundredsofyears,andthebestwaytocelebratethisdaywouldbetofindthetimetodosomereading.WorldSmileDayWorldSmileDayiscelebratedonthefirstFridayofOctobereveryyear.TheideawascoinedandinitiatedbyHarveyBall,acommercialartistfromtheUS.HeisknowntohavecreatedtheSmileyFacein1963.Thedayiscreatedforthespreadingofsimplejoyandlovetoeveryone,regardlessofrace,gender,orgeographiclocation.WorldEarthDayWorldEarthDayisanannualeventobservedonApril22ndtodemonstratesupportforenvironmentalprotection.Itservesasareminderoftheimportanceoftakingactiontopreserveandprotectourplanet.EarthDaywasfirstcelebratedin1970andisnowcelebratedinmorethan190countriesworldwide.21.WhichofthefourDaysiscelebratedtheearliestannually?A.WorldEarthDay. B.WorldBookDay.C.WorldSmileDay. D.WorldHealthDay.22.WhocreatedWorldSmileDay?A.WilliamShakespeare. B.IncaGarcilasodelaVega.C.HarveyBall. D.AfamousSpanishhistorian.23.WhydopeoplecelebrateWorldEarthDay?A.Tosolvehealthproblems. B.Toprotectourplanet.C.Tospreadjoyandlove. D.Toencouragepeopletoread.BBeforemyfirsthiketotheRockyMountains,Iwasahomebody.Ihadfriendstohangoutwith,severalhobbies,andIfeltcomfortablespendingweeksorevenmonthsinmyhometownwithoutgoinganywhere.IthoughttherewasnodifferencebetweenseeingsomethingonTVandseeingsomethingwithone’sowneyes.ThesituationchangedonedaywhenAdam,mybestfriend,cametomyroom.HesucceededinpersuadingmetojoinhimonhistriptotheRockyMountains.Thiswasmyfirsttimeinthemountains,soIwasturningmyheadinalldirections.Unluckily,theweatherwasfoggymostofthetime,andthehigherweclimbedthemountains,thelesswecouldsee.ButIstillenjoyedthehike.Iwalkedfast,andbecauseofthatIranoutofenergylongbeforewegottothetop.Adamknewhowtosaveenergy.Whenwefinallygottothetop,nothinghadreallychanged.Thesamefogwascoveringeverything.Ifeltdisappointed,asIexpectedtoseetheviewfromaboveandtakesomephotos.Wespentacoupleofhoursonthetop,anddecidedtoturnback.Thenthewindsuddenlyclearedthecloudsandthesuncameout.Itwasn’tuntilthenthatIknewhowbeautifulthemountainslooked.AndforsomemomentsIcouldn’tbelievemyeyes.Thisexperienceinspiredmetobreakthroughmylimitationsandacceptnewchallenges.IrealizedthatIwouldn'tbeabletolivealifewithoutvisitingthemountainsatleasttwiceayear.24.WhatapersondidtheauthorusetobebeforehisfirsthiketotheRockyMountains?A.Oneenjoyedhikinginthemountains. B.Onefeltcomfortableinhishometown.C.Onelikedpersuadingothers. D.Onewasgoodattalkingwithothers.25.Whatmadetheauthorunhappyduringhisfirsthike?A.Feelingtiredduringthehike. B.Nottakingacamerawithhim.C.Havingtoclimbforalongtime. D.Theheavyfogcoveringeverything.26.Howdidtheauthormostprobablyfeelafterthehike?A.Disappointed. B.Comfortable.C.Encouraged. D.Confused.CImagineanot-too-distantfuture,whereweeachinhabitourownAI-drivendigitalfilter(过滤)bubble,craftedforusaloneanddesignedtoservecorporateinterests.Thisfutureresembles1998’smovieTheTrumanShow,wherethemaincharacterunknowinglylivedhisentirelifewithinarealityTVshowdesignedbyaproductionstudio.OnesubsetofAI,largelanguagemodels(LLM),won’tturnourlivesintorealityTVshows.Instead,personalizedAIagentsthreatentocageeachofusinanindividualizedandillusory(虚假的)unreality,profitingfromourdigitalactivitiesandwallingusofffromgenuineconnections.ManycompaniesaredevelopingindividualizedLLM.TheunderlyingprincipleisthatAIwilllearnabouttheindividualuserandadaptaccordingly.Forexample,ifyou’reasuperfanofafootballteam,you’llbefedupdates,ads,andvideostailoredtoyourinterests24hoursaday.Somealgorithmsmayevenlearnyourschedule,pushinginformationatyouduringpreciselythosetimeswhenyou’remostlikelytobelooking.Thismaysoundharmless.ButthenextstepistouseLLMtocreatememes,orevenfakearticles,feedingyouconspiracytheoriesaboutrivalteams.Thisisamiserablerealityforatleasttworeasons.Forone,thereareneithercomputationalmethodsorethicalincentives(激励)inplacetoensurethattheinformationyoureceiveistrue.Butjustasfrighteningasthelackofregardforthetruthisanevenscarierelement.Youwillnolongerlivewithanaccurateunderstandingoffootballteamthatisfullycompatiblewithanyoneelse’s.Youwillrunoninformationgeneratedonlyforyourself.Thisvisionisunsettling,eveninsportsandentertainment.Butwhatofinstitutionsthathavemoredirectsocialconsequences?Education?Politics?Withthefallofthepressandpolarizationofeverything,conversationsaroundholidaytablehavealreadybecomeimpossibleformanyextendedfamilies.Badasthestatusquomightbe,strangertimeslieaheadthatmakeuslongfortoday’sechochambers(信息茧房).Soon,ourbubbleswillshrinkfurtherandfurther,untilourdigitalworldsinvolveonlyourselves.InanAl-mediatedfuture,everyonewillliveinaprivateTrumanShow.Asasociety,wewillbecompletelyincapableofmakingfruitfulcollectivedecisionsbecausewewillhavenosharedunderstandingoftheworld.What’sthewayout?Findyourentertainmentinspaceswithactualpeople,exchangingthoughtsandcreationswitheachother.Evenonline,wemustkeepourunderstandingoftheworldgroundedinhuman-authoreddocumentsandartifacts.Valuingwhathumanscreateisnotmerelyamatterofauthenticity;italsoensureswefocusonargumentsthatanauthorcaredenoughtomake,onconservationsthatspeakerscaredenoughtohave.Otherwise,TheTrumanShow’spremisebecomesourreality,unknowinglyinhabitingafakeworldwhereoureveryexperienceisdesignedforprofit.Evenmoreexistentiallyalienating?LivinginaTrumanShowwherethedirector,producerandtheonlyonewatchingisanAI.27.TheauthormentionsTheTrumanShowinParagraph1to.A.makeacomparison B.illustrateasituationC.supportanargument D.proposeasuggestion28.Accordingtothepassage,personalizedAIagentsmay.A.isolateindividualsinfalserealitiesB.confirmthecredibilityofthecontentC.discouragethecompanies’ethicalincentivesD.improveuserbehaviorbyfeedingtargetedads29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Algorithmshaveraisedconcernsoverprivacy.B.LLMsareingreatneedofcomputationalupgrade.C.Echochambersweakencollectivedecision-making.D.Technologydevelopmentresultsinpolarizedsociety.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AIandtheFutureofHumanInteractionB.AIWillTurnOurLivesintoTheTrumanShowC.TheTrumanShowPredictsAI’sImpactonMediaD.AlgorithmicBubblesandtheValueofHumanCreationsDAnyonewithinsomniaknowstheimpatienceandfrustrationthataccompaniessleeplessness.Youlongforabuttonthatcouldinstantlydampenallthatmentalactivity.Theideaofamentalswitchisnotfar-fetched.Mostneuroscientistsnowagreethatourwakefulnessiscoordinatedbyatinybundleofneurons(一小束神经元)knownasthe“locuscoeruleus”(LC),Latinfor“bluedot”.Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill“fire”withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain-enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.Thereareslightdifferencesintheprocess.Dependingonthetypesofreceptorstheyhave,someneuronsaremoresensitivetosmalleramountsofnorepinephrine,whileothersonlyrespondtohigherthresholds.Thismeansthat,asthelocuscoeruleusactivityrises,itwillstarttoaffectsomebrainareasmorethanothers,whichcanhavedramaticeffectsonthingslikeourfocus,concentrationandcreativity.Giventhebluedot’srole,itmakessensethatitwouldbequietestatnightduringsleep.Itisnotentirelysilent,however,butfiresoccasionally-andrecentresearchbyAnitaLüthiattheUniversityofLausannesuggeststhatthisactivitymaydeterminethequalityofoursleeps.Acrossthenight,wealternatebetweendifferentsleepstages.Thereis“rapideyemovement”(REM)sleep,whichisassociatedwithvividdreamingandisthoughttobecrucialforprocessingandconsolidatingmemories.Muchofourrest,however,isspentinnon-REM(NREM)sleep,duringwhichthebrainmayengageinadeepclean,clearingawaycellularwaste.Measuringbrainactivityindozingmice,AnitafoundNREMsleepwasassociatedwithtemporaryburstsoflocuscoeruleusactivityevery50seconds.Asaresult,theanimalwasmoresensitivetooutsidestimuli,likenoises-withoutfullywaking.“It’sgeneratingthisstateofenhancedvigilance(警觉),”Anitasays.“Itreallygivesyouthisideathatwakefulnesscanbegradedinthebrain.”ThebeginningofREMsleepwasalmostalwaysassociatedwithlowlocuscoeruleusactivity.“ThattransitiontoREMsleephastobeverywellcontrolled,”saysAnita,“becauseinREMsleep,wehaveatonia.”That’sthetemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofourbody,whichpreventsusfromphysicallyactingoutourdreams.Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.Ifso,shesuspectsthatalteredlocuscoeruleusactivitycouldbeimplicatedinconditions—suchasanxiety—thatmaycontributetodisorderedsleep.Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot’sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A.Neurons. B.Electriccurrents.C.Projections. D.Neurotransmitters.32.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleoftheLC?A.Producingreceptors. B.Preservingcellsensitivity.C.Monitoringbrainactivity. D.Improvingneuralconnectivity.33.WhichofthefollowingmayAnitaLüthiagreewith?A.Thebluedotfiresregularlyatnight.B.StresshasanimpactontheLCactivity.C.LowLCactivitycanhelpcleancellularwaste.D.Atoniaresultsfromsuddenburstsofbrainactivity.34.Whatmightbethenextstepoftheresearch?A.Gradingthewakefulnessofhumanbrains.B.Unlockingthemechanismofsleepdisorder.C.Assessingthefunctionofthebluedotonhumans.D.IdentifyingapproachestoalteringtheLCactivity.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asourlivesbecomemorecloselyconnectedwiththedigitalage,it’smoreimportantthanevertokeepthesparkofhumanconnections,akeypartofwhichismakingsmalltalk.___35___Here’showtomastertheartofsmalltalk.Thecornerstoneofeffectivesmalltalkliesindevelopinggenuineinterest.Genuineinterestisaboutactivelyseekingtounderstandtheotherperson,valuingtheirperspectivesandappreciatingtheuniquenesstheybringtotheconversation.___36___Smalltalkextendsbeyondspokenwords;itincludestheartofobservation.Asyouengageinconversation,payattentiontothespeaker’sbodylanguage,facialexpressionsandtoneofvoice.___37___Beingfamiliarwiththemnotonlyhelpsyounavigatetheconversationwithsensitivitybutalsoenablesyoutoestablishadeeperconnectionbyrespectingtheslightdifferencesoftheotherperson’scommunicationstyle.Actuallylisteningandconnectingwithsomeoneisessentialforaconversation.Byprovidingyourundividedattention,youconveyrespectandinterestinwhattheotherpersonhastosay.___38___Askfollow-upquestionstoshowthatyouvaluetheirinsights.Thisdepthofengagementlaysthefoundationforamoremeaningfulconnection.Attheheartofsuccessfulsmalltalkliestheauthenticity(真实性)ofyourengagement.Authenticityfostersasenseoftrustandconnection,makingtheconversationmoremeaningfulandmemorable.Avoidthetemptationtoprojectanimageorusescriptedresponses.___39___Intheworldofsmalltalk,authenticityisthekeythatunlocksthedoortodeeperconnectionsandmorefulfillinginteractions.A.Instead,letyourtrueselfshinethrough.B.Someaccessibletopicsaregreatforsmalltalk.C.Activelisteninginvolvesfullyengagingwiththespeaker.D.Focusonunderstandingtheirviewpointsbeyondsimplyhearingwords.E.Thesignalsprovidevaluableinsightsintotheiremotionsandintentions.F.Smalltalkmaybeagatewaytobuildingrichandmeaningfulrelationships.G.Byexpressingauthenticcuriosity,youmaketheotherpersonfeelseenandheard.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。FourColombianchildrensurvivedaplanecrashonlytobelostdeepintheAmazonrainforestforwelloveramonth.Thisishowtheysurvivedthishorrifyingsituation.It’smostpeople’snightmare:survivingaplanecrashonlytobetrappedinajunglewithnowayofcontactingtheoutsideworld.Buttheysurvived.Thechildren,aged13,nineandfour,aswellasan11-month-oldbaby,wereflyingwiththeirmotherfromtheirvillageintheAmazontovisittheirfatherinSanJosédelGuaviare.Thesingle-engineCessnaonwhichtheywereflyingexperiencedengineproblemsanddisappearedonMay1,2023.Badweatherpreventedthearmyfromfindingthecrashsitefortwoweeks,wheretheythenfoundthedeadbodiesofthreeadults,includingthechildren’smother.Howdidthesechildrensurviveconditionsthatwouldbeanunimaginablestruggleformostadults?TheyaremembersoftheHuitotoIndigenousgroupandwereraisedinthejungle.Assuch,theyhaveanintimateunderstandingoftherainforest.Theyknowwhichfruitsaresafetoeatandwhichplantsshouldbeavoided.Workingwith,ratherthanagainst,theAmazon,theysurvivedonfruitsandseeds,whilefeedingthebabywatermixedwithyuccaflourthattheyfoundontheplane.Whilethechildrengotonwiththebusinessofsurviving,theColombianarmyworkedwithIndigenousvolunteerstofindthem.After40daysofsearching,thechildrenwerefoundandtakentorecoveratamilitaryhospitalinBogota.Whilemanyaroundtheworldhavetakenthissurvivalstorytobeamiracle,otherspointoutthatitistheresultofanancientandintimateknowledgeoftherainforestthathasbeenpasseddownthroughIndigenouscommunitiesoverthegenerations.IndigenoustribeshaveacloserelationshiptotheAmazon,markedbyadeeprespectfortheforestthatprovidesthemwithshelterandnutritiousingredients.Itistheircloseconnectiontoandunderstandingoftherainforestthatundoubtedlyhelpedthechildrentosurvive.40.Whatmadetheplaneonwhichtheywereflyingcrash?____________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whydidittakethearmysolongtofindthechildrenaftertheaccident?____________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ThechildrensurvivedthehorrifyingsituationbyfightingagainsttheAmazonrainforest.____________________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatlessoncanyoulearnfromthestory?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校下周将举办主题为“中国脊梁”的英语演讲活动。你打算邀请国际部学生Jim参加。请你给他写封邀请信，内容包括：1.介绍活动2.发出邀请注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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