北京市朝阳区高三下学期二模考试英语试题

北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测二英语试卷2025.5(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Hi,thisisSasha,”ayoungwomansangoutasthecustomerservicelinewasfinallyconnected.“HowcanIhelpyoutoday?”Hertoneannoyedme.Iwasinno____1____forpleasantries(客套).MyfriendsandImadeadinnerreservationatafancyrestaurant.TheskirtI’dorderedfromthispanywouldbe____2____forit.ThiswasthethirdtimeI’dordered.AndthethirdtimeI’dreceivedthewrongitem!Someonehadto____3____this!“Isthishowyoutreata20yearcustomer?”Idemanded.“I’veneverseensuchterrible____4____.It’sarealshame,Sasha!”Finally,Idrewabreathandwaited.Afteramoment,she____5____,notinkindbutinkindness.“Iamsosorry,Ms.Messner.Iwillgotofindthecorrectskirtmyself.CanIputyouonholdbriefly?”Soonenough,Iheardhersamecalmvoiceagain,“Ijustconsultedmymanager.We’llsendtheskirttoyouatno____6____andrefundyourmoneyinfull.Also,you’llfinda$50giftcardwithit.Iwantyoutoknowthatwe____7____youasacustomer.”“Thankyou,Sasha.”Ihungup,____8____anddisappointedinmyself.IfeltuneasyabouthowI’dtreatedtheyoungwomanwiththepleasantvoice.Inmyyearsasanurse,I’dtakencallsfromangrypeople.Theirwordshadoften____9____me.AndyetherewasSasha,goingoutofherwaytosolvemyproblem.morning,Itelephonedthecallcenterandgotthroughtothemanager,askinghertoletSashaknowIwassorry.NowwhenIfeelmyselfgettingimpatientatwork,Itakeadeepbreathandsay,as____10____asSashamight,“Whatdidyousayyournamewasagain?”1A.mood B.shape C.hurry D.position2.A.basic B.perfect C.ordinary D.expensive3.A.relyon B.agreewith C.stickto D.answerfor4.A.advice B.service C.reply D.damage5.A.claimed B.responded C.criticized D.whispered6.A.loss B.risk C.point D.charge7.A.value B.award C.tolerate D.remember8.A.relaxed B.confused C.astonished D.embarrassed9.A.fooled B.struck C.wounded D.frightened10.A.smartly B.directly C.sweetly D.seriously【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.B5.B6.D7.A8.D9.C10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因购物问题发脾气后，被客服的善意感动并反思自己行为的经过，表达了对宽容与理解的感悟。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没心情客套。A.mood情绪，心情；B.shape形状；C.hurry匆忙；D.position位置。根据前文“Hertoneannoyedme.”可知，作者被客服的语气惹恼了，所以没有心情客套，innomoodforsth.是固定搭配，意为“没有心情做某事”。故选A。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在这家公司订的裙子很适合这次晚餐。A.basic基本的；B.perfect完美的，适合的；C.ordinary普通的；D.expensive昂贵的。根据前文“MyfriendsandImadeadinnerreservationatafancyrestaurant.”可知，作者订购的裙子是为了去高档餐厅穿的，所以应该是很适合的，故选B。【3题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：必须有人为此负责！A.relyon依靠；B.agreewith同意；C.stickto坚持；D.answerfor对……负责。根据前文“AndthethirdtimeI’dreceivedthewrongitem!”可知，作者三次收到错的商品，所以觉得应该有人对此负责，故选D。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未见过如此糟糕的服务。A.advice建议；B.service服务；C.reply回复；D.damage损害。根据前文“AndthethirdtimeI’dreceivedthewrongitem!”可知，作者因为收到错误的商品而生气，认为这是糟糕的服务，故选B。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，她回应了，不是以同样的语气，而是带着善意。A.claimed声称；B.responded回应；C.criticized批评；D.whispered低语。根据前文“Finally,Idrewabreathandwaited.”可知，作者等着客服回应，这里指客服对作者的抱怨做出回应，故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会免费把裙子寄给您，并全额退款。A.loss损失；B.risk风险；C.point要点；D.charge费用。根据后文“refundyourmoneyinfull”可知，全额退款意味着免费，atnocharge为固定短语，意为“免费”，故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让您知道，我们很重视您这位顾客。A.value重视；B.award授予；C.tolerate容忍；D.remember记得。根据前文“We’llsendtheskirttoyouatno6andrefundyourmoneyinfull.Also,you’llfinda$50giftcardwithit.”可知，客服表示会采取一系列措施补偿作者，是为了让作者知道公司重视她这个顾客，故选A。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我挂断电话，既尴尬又对自己感到失望。A.relaxed放松的；B.confused困惑的；C.astonished惊讶的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文作者对客服发火，而客服态度很好，可知作者对自己之前对客服不礼貌的态度感到不好意思，所以是尴尬的，故选D。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的话经常伤害到我。A.fooled愚弄；B.struck打击；C.wounded伤害（感情等）；D.frightened使害怕。根据前文“Inmyyearsasanurse,I’dtakencallsfromangrypeople.”可知，作者作为护士接到过愤怒的人的电话，他们的话会伤害到作者的感情，故选C。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我在工作中感到不耐烦时，我会深吸一口气，像萨沙一样温柔地说：“你刚才说你叫什么名字来着？”A.smartly聪明地；B.directly直接地；C.sweetly温柔地，甜美地；D.seriously严肃地。根据前文“butinkindness”及“Iheardhersamecalmvoice”可知，萨沙服务态度很好，说话温柔，所以这里作者像萨沙一样温柔地说话，故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TangWensheng,81,borninNewYork,isanoutstandingChinese____11____(interpret).SheworkedforChina’stopleadersduringthe1970s.“Ithinkitwasaprivilegeandalearningexperience,”Tangsaid.Hermasteryoflanguageandextensiveinsights____12____foreignaffairsenabledhertohandlehighleveldialoguessmoothly.Thankstoherlifetimededicationtothefield,Tang____13____(honor)withtheLifetimeAchievementAwardinTranslationin2024.【答案】11.interpreter12.into13.washonored【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了81岁的唐闻生作为杰出中文口译员的成就及荣誉。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：81岁的唐闻生出生于纽约，是一位杰出的中国口译员。根据句意和“an”可知，此处应填interpret的名词形式interpreter，表示“口译员”。故填interpreter。【12题详解】into...：她对语言的掌握以及对外交事务广泛的见解使她能够顺利处理高层对话。insightsinto...是固定搭配，意为“对……的见解”，故填into。【13题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于她一生都致力于这个领域，唐闻生在2024年被授予翻译终身成就奖。根据时间状语“in2024”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语Tang与honor之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，故填washonored。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theessenceoflearningisextremerepetitionandpersistenceuntilyoubeeexperiencedthroughpractice,skilledenough___14___(apply)whatyougainandeventuallyformmusclememory.Realchangeneveresovernightunlessyouacceptthelongandslowprocess,___15___(set)asideimpatienceandanxieremerepetitionisalsoacontinuousexplorationofimprovement.Eachattemptbringssmallimprovementsandeachfailure___16___(teach)youdifferentstrategies.Witheffort,youcanbeeabetterself,whichisthetruemeaningoflearning.【答案】14.toapply15.setting16.teaches【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习的本质是反复练习、坚持不懈并最终形成肌肉记忆。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学习的本质是反复练习和坚持，直到你通过实践变得有经验，足够熟练地运用你所获得的东西，并最终形成肌肉记忆。此处是“adj.+enough+todosth.”结构，意为“足够……做某事”，为固定搭配，用不定式作结果状语。故填toapply。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：真正的改变从来不会在一夜之间发生，除非你接受漫长而缓慢的过程，抛开急躁和焦虑。unless引导的条件状语从句已有谓语动词accept

，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词短语setaside与其逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。故填setting。【16题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每一次尝试都会带来微小的进步，每一次失败都会教会你不同的策略。根据空前brings可知，空处为and之后的并列分句的谓语动词，需用一般现在时态，描述客观事实，主语是eachfailure，第三人称单数，所以空处谓语动词需用第三人称单数teaches。故填teaches。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Recently,manywesternmusicalartistshavereleasedtheirlivealbums—aformat___17___hasseeminglylostitsappeal.paredtostudiowork,alivealbumismorepowerful___18___musiciansonlygetoneshottodeliveraperformance.Forpopstars,sometimes___19___(accuse)ofusingautotunetopolishtheirsingings,liveperformanceprovestheirtalent.Concertsareoccasionsthatfanswanttoremember,sotheykeepvideoson,theirphones.Similarly,alivealbumallowsfanstorelivetheexperienceandenjoy___20___(they)asiftheywereinthescene.【答案】17.whichthat18.because19.accused20.themselves【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现场专辑的魅力和对粉丝的意义。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近，许多西方音乐艺术家发行了他们的现场专辑——一种似乎已经失去吸引力的形式。空处需用关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词是aformat，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。【18题详解】考查连词。句意：与录音室作品相比，现场专辑更有力量，因为音乐家只有一次机会来表演。根据空前后句意可知，此处前后句之间是因果关系，所以空处需用连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于被指责使用自动调音来润色歌声的流行歌星来说，现场表演证明了他们的才华。本句已有谓语动词proves，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词accuse与其逻辑主语popstars之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作状语。故填accused。【20题详解】考查代词。句意：同样，现场专辑让粉丝们可以重温这种体验，享受其中，就像他们在现场一样。enjoyoneself“玩得开心”，固定搭配，所以空处需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInthelatestStudentExperienceSurvey,youtoldusthatyouwantongoingservicesandsupporttosucceedinyourstudies.Weheardyouand,asaresult,UniversityofWollongongAustralia(UOW)hasintroducedStudiosity—afreeonlineservicethatprovidesguidanceandfeedbackonyouracademicskills,24/7.HowdoesStudiositywork?Uploadyourwrittendraftandwithin24hoursaStudiosityconsultantspecialisinginEnglishwillsenditbackwithrelevantments,suggestionsandencouragement.Thismightincludeanalyzinganassignmentquestion,providingadviceonresearchskills,orimprovinggrammarandstructure,etc.Ifyouprefertoworkthroughyourquestionswitharealperson,youcandothatviaaninteractiveclassroomusingchat,acollaborativewhiteboardandfilesharing.Thismightincludediscussingspecificissuesinyourwritingorworkingthroughmathorsciencequestions.PleasenotethatUOWstudentscanhave15interactionswithStudiositypersession.Eachwritingfeedbacksubmissionorconnectlivesessioncountsasoneinteraction.ThenumberofStudiosityinteractionsyouhaveremainingisdisplayedontherighthandsideofyourStudiosityportal(门户网站).HowtoaccessStudiosity?Fromthebeginningofsession,youwillbeabletoaccessyourfreeStudiosityaccountinmostMoodlesubjectsites.Clickonthe“Studiosity:24/7studyhelp”link.IfStudiosityisn’tvisible,registerintheStudiosity(UOW)Moodlesiteandclickthelinkthere.Afterclickingthelink,youwillbedirectedtoyouraccountsetup.Createamemorable4digitPIN.YouwillalsoneedtoagreetotheStudiosityPrivacyandCookiesPolicyandAcceptableUsePolicy,whichwillprovideStudiositywithyourname,UOWemailaddress,andsubjectID.StartusingStudiositytodayandunlockyourfullpotential!21.UOWintroducesStudiosityto__________.A.providefreeonlinecourses B.assiststudentsintheirstudiesC.collectstudents’writtenfeedback D.conducttheStudentExperienceSurvey22.WithStudiosity,studentscan_____________.A.sharefileswitheachother B.joinonlinediscussiongroupsC.obtainadviceonpolishingtheirwriting D.receiveunlimitedfeedbackonassignments23.WhatarerequiredforUOWstudentstoaccessStudiosity?A.AregistrationfeeandasubjectID.B.A4digitPINandagreementtoprivacypolicies.C.ApersonalemailaddressandStudiosityaccount.D.AmemorableusernameandaMoodlesubjectlink.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚伍伦贡大学为学生提供的在线学术支持服务Studiosity。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“InthelatestStudentExperienceSurvey,youtoldusthatyouwantongoingservicesandsupporttosucceedinyourstudies.Weheardyouand,asaresult,UniversityofWollongongAustralia(UOW)hasintroducedStudiosity—afreeonlineservicethatprovidesguidanceandfeedbackonyouracademicskills,24/7.(在最新的学生体验调查中，你们告诉我们，为了在学业上取得成功，你们需要持续的服务和支持。我们听取了你们的意见，因此，澳大利亚伍伦贡大学（UOW）推出了“Studiosity”——一项免费的在线服务，它能提供学术技能方面的指导和反馈，全天候服务)”可知，UOW推出Studiosity是为了在学习上帮助学生。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据HowdoesStudiositywork?部分中“Uploadyourwrittendraftandwithin24hoursaStudiosityconsultantspecialisinginEnglishwillsenditbackwithrelevantments,suggestionsandencouragement.Thismightincludeanalyzinganassignmentquestion,providingadviceonresearchskills,orimprovinggrammarandstructure,etc.(上传你的书面草稿，24小时内，一位专门研究英语的Studiosity顾问会将其发回，并附上相关评论、建议和鼓励。这可能包括分析作业问题、提供研究技能建议或改进语法和结构等)”可知，有了Studiosity，学生可以得到关于润色他们写作的建议。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Createamemorable4digitPIN.YouwillalsoneedtoagreetotheStudiosityPrivacyandCookiesPolicyandAcceptableUsePolicy,whichwillprovideStudiositywithyourname,UOWemailaddress,andsubjectID.(创建一个令人难忘的4位数密码。你还需要同意Studiosity的隐私和Cookie政策以及可接受的使用政策，这将为Studiosity提供你的姓名、UOW电子邮件地址和科目ID)”可知，UOW的学生需要4位数密码和同意隐私政策才能访问Studiosity。故选B。BWritingisabug,andIcaughtitveryearlyoninlife.Whenmyparentsclearedtheirstorageroomoutrecently,theyfoundTheStoryBookSpecialIwrotewhenIwasnineyearsold.Icouldn’tbelievemyimaginationwassowild.Readingitremindedmeofhowspecialwordshadbeentomeatanearlyage.It’safeelingthathaslasted,throughmyschoolyearsandfar,farbeyond.Attheageof18,IjoinedKentPoliceandspenttwelveyearslivingeverylittleboy’sdreamofdrivingcarsfastandplayingcopsandrobbersforreal.It’ssafetosayit’sacareerI’dstillbeinnow,ifnotforwhathappenedwhenIwas28.Iwasafitmanwhen,unexpectedly,Iwasdiagnosedwithanincurableheartdisease.It’sthediseaseyouhearofwhenasportspersonsuddenlydropsdeadonthefieldofplay.But,youknowwhat,it’soneofthebestthingstohavehappenedtome.Whenthishappened,Imadeatodolist.Atthetopofitwastowriteafullhard...“proper”book.Iwrotethefirstdraftofmyfirstnovelinthreemonthsandlovedeveryminuteoftheprocess.IknewthiswaswhatIwantedtodo,morethananything,andgettingintopublishingcan’tbethathard...right?Wrong!Aseveryauthorknows,brickwallsareeverywhere,andwhenyouknockonedown,there’sanotherone.Afterafewfalsestarts,Icoupledwithmywonderfulagent,Nicky.Wespenteightsolidmonthseditingandsentthemanuscriptoff.Onceagain,wereceivedsomedressedup“no’s”,untilRachel,aneditorI’dreallywantedtoworkwith,readit.Hervisionforthebookisexactlyconsistentwithmine!Nowmyfirstnovelisoptionedfortelevision,andisinthehandsofawonderfulproductionteambothhereinLondon,andinAustraliawhereitwillbefilmed.WritingiswhatIlove,andseeingmylittlestorybookfromwhenIwasninereallydroveithometome.Wedon’toftengetanotherchanceinlife,butIwasgivenonewhenIsurvivedsomethingtragicallyfatal.Now,withmysecondchance,I’mgivingitthebestgoIcan.24.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenreadingTheStoryBookSpecial?A.Nervous. B.Relieved. C.Proud. D.Ashamed.25.Afterbeingtoldhehadheartdiseasetheauthordecidedto___________.A.getajobinpublishing B.continueworkingasapolicemanC.pickupanewhobby D.pursuehispassionforwords26.Whathappenedwhentheauthoractedonhistodolist?A.Hisfirstnovelwasturneddownmanytimes.B.HeadaptedhisnovelandfilmeditinAustralia.C.Heworkedwithacoauthortoimprovethedraft.D.HiscontinuouseffortsearnedRachel’sappreciation.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B.Alittlebitmoresumsupsuccess.C.It’shardtochangeone’snature. D.Asetbackisasetupforaeback.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者从小热爱写作，患病后坚持写作并取得成果的经历。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Icouldn’tbelievemyimaginationwassowild.Readingitremindedmeofhowspecialwordshadbeentomeatanearlyage.(我不敢相信我的想象力如此丰富。阅读它让我想起在很小的时候，文字对我来说是多么特别)”可知，作者读自己九岁时写的《特别故事书》时感到很自豪。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Whenthishappened,Imadeatodolist.Atthetopofitwastowriteafulllength,‘proper’book.(当这一切发生时，我列了一个待办事项清单。排在首位的是写一本完整的、‘像样的’书)”可知，在被诊断出患有心脏病后，作者决定追求他对文字的热爱。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Afterafewfalsestarts,Icoupledwithmywonderfulagent,Nicky.Wespenteightsolidmonthseditingandsentthemanuscriptoff.Onceagain,wereceivedsomedressedup‘no’s’,untilRachel,aneditorI’dreallywantedtoworkwith,readit.(在几次失败的尝试后，我和我出色的经纪人尼基合作。我们花了整整八个月的时间进行编辑，然后把稿子寄了出去。我们再次收到了一些委婉的拒绝，直到我想合作的编辑雷切尔读了它)”可知，当作者按照待办事项清单行事时，他的第一部小说被多次拒绝。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wedon’toftengetanotherchanceinlife,butIwasgivenonewhenIsurvivedsomethingtragicallyfatal.Now,withmysecondchance,I’mgivingitthebestgoIcan.(我们一生中往往没有第二次机会，但当我在一场致命的悲剧中幸存下来时，我得到了第二次机会。现在，有了第二次机会，我会尽我所能去争取)”可知，我们能从这篇文章中学到挫折是东山再起的铺垫。故选D。CChinooksalmonandtheirhabitatsinSeattle’sThorntonCreeksufferedseverelyduetourbanexpansion,causingflashfloodsandbiodiversityloss.Despiterestorationefforts,theonceabundantsalmonallbutdisappeared.Duringaconference,biologistKatherineLynchproposedrebuildingthecreek’smissing“liver”damagedbyurbanization.Lynchhasbeenstudyingthehyporheiczone,alayerofwetsediment(沉积物),smallstonesandtinycreaturesbeneaththestreambed.Itfacilitateswatermixingandoxygendeliverytosalmoneggs,earningthenickname“liveroftheriver.”Thedisappearanceofthiszonethreatensthehealthofwaterways.Lynchrecognizedthat,however,mostrestorationeffortsinSeattleoverlookeditordisconnecteditfromthesurfacewater.TeamedwithengineerMikeHrachovec,LynchredesignedThorntonCreek.Theystrategicallyputlogsintothewateratpreciseanglestocreatetinywaterfallsandnearlystillwaterpockets,generatinghydraulicpressuretoforcewaterdownintothehyporheiczone.Theseaccuratelyplacedlogsandrocks,knownas“hyporheicstructures,”alsocreatepocketsofslowwaterthatprovidesafesheltersforjuvenilefish—allmeanttoemulatefeaturesofanaturalstream.SubsequentdataanalysisconfirmedthestreamfunctionedasLynch’steam—andnature—intended.Butwasthestreamalsosupportinglife?Giventhatthestoneandsandpositionedweresterile(贫瘠的)territory,Lynchthoughtthatabiologicaljumpstartmightbenecessaryandthatthereturnoflifetorestoredcreeksreliedonorganismsmigratingfromhealthyupstreamhabitats.Soherteamtriedanothergroundbreakingmove:inoculating(接种)theengineeredhyporheiczonewithmicrobes(微生物),whichquicklypopulatedtheareas.Buteventhoughthenumberofindividualswashigh,thebiodiversitywasrelativelylow.A2021studybystreamecologistSarahMorleynotedthatwhileafewofthenewspeciesgrewrapidly,mostweresimilartothoseinunrestoredsection.Scientistsareexploringreasonsforthelimitedsurvivalofintroducedspecies,andbecausethisscienceissonew,theyhavenotruledoutanypotentialexplanations:differencesinthedonorstream,sizeoftherestoredarea,orpoorwaterquality.Theymighthaveinoculatedthehyporheictoosoon,beforeessentialvegetationcouldestablish.TheThorntonCreekrestorationshavesuccessfullypreventedneighbourhoodflooding,evenduringheavystorms,andstabilizedthestream’sflow.Mostnotably,Chinooksalmonreturnedtolayeggsintherestoredhyporheiczones,touchingLynchdeeply.Sherecalls,“thissuccesssuggeststhatsmallurbancreekrestorationscanrevitalizefunctioningecosystems.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emulate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Record. B.Copy. C.Monitor. D.Transform.29.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthemicrobialinoculationinThorntonCreek?A.Itintroducedessentialvegetation. B.Itrestoredtheoriginalbiodiversity.C.Itincreasedthetotalquantityofmicrobes. D.Itsourcedmicrobesfromdownstreamhabitats.30.WhatcanwelearnfromLynch’srestorationproject?A.Itfocusedonincreasingwateroxygenlevels.B.Itrecreatedtheconditionsofthedonorstream.C.Itremovedhumanmadestructuresfromthecreek.D.Itintegratedphysicalredesignwithbiointervention.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ToReviveaRiver,RestoreItsLiver.B.Urbanization:ASilentKillerofaRiver.CChinookSalmonBoosttheDiversityofEcosystems.D.WhatMakestheHyporheicZoneVitalforRestoration?.【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过重建溪流“肝脏”——潜流带，成功恢复生态系统功能并使鲑鱼回归的生态修复过程。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Theystrategicallyputlogsintothewateratpreciseanglestocreatetinywaterfallsandnearlystillwaterpockets,generatinghydraulicpressuretoforcewaterdownintothehyporheiczone.Theseaccuratelyplacedlogsandrocks,knownas“hyporheicstructures,”alsocreatepocketsofslowwaterthatprovidesafesheltersforjuvenilefish—allmeanttoemulatefeaturesofanaturalstream.(他们从策略上以精确的角度把原木放入水中，以制造出小瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生液压将水挤压进潜流带。这些精准放置的原木和石头被称为“潜流结构”，它们还形成了水流缓慢的区域，为幼鱼提供了安全的庇护所——这一切都是为了emulate自然溪流的特征)”可知，这些结构和设计都是为了模仿天然溪流的特征，所以“emulate”意思是“模仿”，与“copy”意思相近。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Buteventhoughthenumberofindividualswashigh,thebiodiversitywasrelativelylow.(但是，尽管个体数量很高，生物多样性却相对较低)”以及“Soherteamtriedanothergroundbreakingmove:inoculating(接种)theengineeredhyporheiczonewithmicrobes(微生物),whichquicklypopulatedtheareas.(于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，对桑顿溪进行微生物接种后，微生物数量迅速增加，但生物多样性相对较低。所以可以推断出微生物接种增加了微生物的总量。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“TeamedwithengineerMikeHrachovec,LynchredesignedThorntonCreek.Theystrategicallyputlogsintothewateratpreciseanglestocreatetinywaterfallsandnearlystillwaterpockets,generatinghydraulicpressuretoforcewaterdownintothehyporheiczone.(林奇与工程师迈克・赫拉乔韦茨合作，重新设计了桑顿溪。他们颇有策略地将原木以精确的角度放入水中，打造出微型瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生水压，迫使水流进入潜流带)”以及第四段中“Soherteamtriedanothergroundbreakingmove:inoculating(接种)theengineeredhyporheiczonewithmicrobes(微生物),whichquicklypopulatedtheareas.(于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，林奇的修复项目既包括对溪流的物理重新设计，如放置原木和岩石来制造“潜流结构”，又包括生物干预，如对潜流带进行微生物接种，将两者结合起来，由此推知，林奇的修复项目将物理重新设计与生物干预相结合。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段中“Duringaconference,biologistKatherineLynchproposedrebuildingthecreek’smissing“liver”damagedbyurbanization.(在一次会议上，生物学家凯瑟琳・林奇提议重建这条因城市化而受损、缺失的溪流“肝脏”)”可知，文章主要讲述了生物学家KatherineLynch为了恢复西雅图桑顿溪的生态系统，提出重建被城市化破坏的溪流“肝脏”——潜流带的建议，并通过与工程师合作进行了一系列修复工作，最终取得了成功，使奇努克鲑鱼回到了修复后的潜流带产卵。A选项“ToReviveaRiver,RestoreItsLiver(要恢复一条河，先恢复它的“肝脏”)”能够很好地概括文章主旨，既体现了修复的对象是河流，又突出了恢复潜流带这一关键内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。DBooksareabouttobeealittleless“Impressive!”,“Appealing!”and“Spellbinding!”.Fewerstillwilloffera“tourdeforce”(whateveroneofthosemightbe).ThatisbecauseSimon&Schuster,anAmericanpublisher,hasdecidedtostopdoingbookblurbs(alsocalled“puffs”inBritain)—thoseinvitedmentsfromotherauthorsonthebackofbooks.Theyare,saysSeanManning,thepany’spublisher,“veryawkward”.Theproblemwithblurbsisthatthereisalwaysaneedtopubliclyevaluatebooks.Itisafactinthelifeofawriterthatifonepubliclypublishes,oneisgoingtobepubliclyjudged.Whennegative,suchjudgmentscanbepainful,whenstupid,itcanbemaddening,butwhenpositive,itcanalsobeajoyful,supportivemoment.However,whenawritergetsprearrangedremarks,itdevalueslegitimate(合情合理的)responses.Thestyleofapuffis,asthenamesuggests,breathless.Someonemightdeclareabook“authoritative”;another,“unputdownable”;andathird,“Ifyoucanreadthisbookwithoutscreamingwiement,yoursoulisdead”.Youfeelguilty,wroteGeorgeOrwell,whenyouareinthelibraryand“failtoscreamwithdelight”.Also,intheoryblurbsaretestamenttoanauthor’snarrativeskills.Intruththeyareatestamenttotheirsocialones:theyoftenreflectarmtwistingratherthanartistry.Literaryheavyweightshategivingthem.“Wewouldassoonsellourtearsforlemondrops”,wroteNathanielParkerWillis,apoet,thanthus“spoiloneofthetruthfuladjectivesintheworld”.Newauthorsstruggletogetblurbs,whichispartlywhySimon&Schusterisgivingthemup.Blurbsmoreoftenexemplifytheverybadwriting.Manyarelesswrittenthanpiecedupfromstockphrases—“Aheartbreaking,unputdownablepageturner!”—withanexclamationmarkattheend.Thismakesthemexhaustingtoread!Therehasbeenhonestcopyondustjackets—T.S.Eliot’sdescriptionofLouisMacNeice,afellowpoet,informedreadersthat“Hisworkisaccessiblebutunpopular”—butitistoorare.Itturnsoutthatthehabitofusingwordslike“unputdownable”isitselfquiteputdownable.Mr.Manningsayshiseditorswillusethetimetheysaveonchasingquotestoinsteadproducegoodbooks.Not,note,“charming”or“absorbing”booksbutsimply“thebestbookspossible”.Itisanadmirablymodestaim.32.Whatcanwelearnaboutblurbs?A.Theyservetheinterestofbookwriters. B.Theyguaranteelegitimateresponses.C.Newauthorsaresickofwritingthem. D.Readersfeelguiltyafterreadingthem.33.TheauthorusesEliot’sexamplemainlyto____________.A.advocatetheoriginalityinblurbs B.clarifyamisconceptionaboutblurbsC.distinguishthevarioustypesofcurrentblurbs D.suggestthewidespreadpresenceofdishonestblurbs34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Blurbsareselfdefeating. B.Thereisnoneedforblurbs.C.Blurbspromotesocialskills. D.Establishedauthorsfavorblurbs.【答案】32.A33.D34.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国出版商西蒙与舒斯特决定停止在书籍背面使用其他作者的书评式推荐语的现象及原因。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“However,whenawritergetsprearrangedremarks,itdevalueslegitimate(合情合理的)responses.(然而，当作家得到预先安排好的评论时，这会降低合法回应的价值)”可知，预先安排好的书评式推荐语（blurbs）损害了读者对书籍的真正评价，即它们并不能保证书籍得到合理的回应，反而是服务于书籍出版商或作者的利益。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Manyarelesswrittenthanpiecedupfromstockphrases—“Aheartbreaking,unputdownablepageturner!”—withanexclamationmarkattheend.Thismakesthemexhaustingtoread!Therehasbeenhonestcopyondustjackets—T.S.Eliot’sdescriptionofLouisMacNeice,afellowpoet,informedreadersthat“Hisworkisaccessiblebutunpopular”—butitistoorare.(许多评语与其说是写出来的，不如说是用陈词滥调拼凑起来的——“一本令人心碎、令人爱不释手的引人入胜的书！”——结尾还带有一个感叹号。这让它们读起来很累！在书的护封上也有诚实的评语——T.S.Eliot对同为诗人的路易斯・麦克尼斯的描述告诉读者“他的作品易懂但不受欢迎”——但这样的评语太少见了)”可知，T.S.Eliot的例子是为了说明诚实的评语很少见，也就是不诚实的评语广泛存在。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“However,whenawritergetsprearrangedremarks,itdevalueslegitimate(合情合理的)responses.(然而，当作家得到预先安排好的评论时，这会降低合法回应的价值)”以及第三段中“Also,intheoryblurbsaretestamenttoanauthor’snarrativeskills.Intruththeyareatestamenttotheirsocialones:theyoftenreflectarmtwistingratherthanartistry.(此外，从理论上讲，书评式推荐语是作者叙事能力的证明。事实上，它们是他们社交能力的证明：它们往往反映的是胁迫，而不是艺术性)”和最后一段中“Mr.Manningsayshiseditorswillusethetimetheysaveonchasingquotestoinsteadproducegoodbooks.(曼宁表示，他的编辑们将把节省下来寻找引语的时间用来出版好书)”可推知，书评式推荐语（blurbs）往往不是基于书籍的真实质量，而是受到出版商或作者社交手段的影响，它们并不能真实反映书籍的价值，甚至可能损害书籍的声誉，因此可以说是自毁的。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereisconsiderableevidencefromstudieswithadultsthatvolunteeringbenefitsaperson’sphysicalandmentalhealth.____35____A2023analysissuggestedthatyoungpeoplewhohadparticipatedinmunityserviceweremorelikelytobeinexcellenthealthandstayedcalmwhenfacedwithchallenges.____36____Itcouldbethatthechildrenvolunteerswerealreadyingreathealth.Butbecauseofanalarmingriseinmentalhealthissuesamongyoungpeople,environmentalhealthscientistsbelievethisearlyevidenceispromisingenoughtopursue.A2021advisorywarnedthatthenumberofyoungpeoplereportingconstantfeelingsofsadnessorhopelessnesshadincreasedby40percentoverthepreviousdecade.Therearemultiplepossiblecauses,includinganxietyoverclimatechange,theeffectsofsocialmediauseandunfriendlypersonalcircumstances.Toaddresstheseproblems,researcherspointtotheimportanceof“contribution”asanessentialpieceofsocialandemotionaldevelopmentforteenagers.Volunteeringisonegoodwayyoungpeoplecancontribute.____37____In2022,developmentalpsychologistParissaBallardandhercolleaguestestedvolunteering