英语四级2021试题

英语四级2021试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofDevelopingDigitalLiteracy.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasfundamentallychangedthewaywelive,work,andlearn.Inthisdigitalage,possessingdigitalliteracyisnolongeraluxurybutanecessity.Digitalliteracy1.______notonlytheabilitytousesoftwareoroperatedevicesbutalsoadeeperunderstandingofthedigitalenvironment.Itincludescriticalthinkingtoevaluateonlineinformation,awarenessofdigitalsecurityandprivacy,andtheskillstocreateand2.______digitalcontenteffectively.Forstudents,digitalliteracyis3.______foracademicsuccess.Itenablesthemtoconductresearch,collaborateonprojects,andaccessavastarrayofeducationalresources.Intheworkplace,employeeswithstrongdigitalskillsaremore4.______andefficient.Theycanadapttonewtools,analyzedata,andsolveproblemscreatively.Moreover,digitalliteracyiscrucialforsocialparticipation.Itallowsindividualstoconnectwithothers,accessgovernmentservices,andengageincivicdiscussions,thusreducingtheriskofsocial5.______.However,asignificantdigitaldividestillexists.Noteveryonehasequalaccesstotechnologyortheopportunitytodeveloptheseskills.Thisgapcan6.______existingsocialandeconomicinequalities.Therefore,itistheresponsibilityofeducationalinstitutions,governments,andcommunitiesto7.______initiativesthatpromotedigitalinclusion.Byprovidingtrainingandaffordableaccess,wecan8.______individualsfromallbackgroundstoparticipatefullyinthedigitalworld.Developingdigitalliteracyisalifelongprocess.Astechnologycontinuesto9.______,wemustcommittocontinuouslearning.Fosteringadigitallyliteratepopulationiskeytodrivinginnovation,ensuringeconomiccompetitiveness,andbuildingamore10.______andinformedsociety.WordBank:A)evolveB)productiveC)communicateD)encompassesE)excludeF)essentialG)empowerH)isolationI)implementJ)reinforceK)equitableL)merelyM)distributeN)cultivateO)transformSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"hasgainedtremendouspopularity.PlatformslikeAirbnbandUberhaverevolutionizedindustriesbyallowingindividualstorentouttheirspareroomsorofferridesintheirpersonalvehicles.Thismodelisoftenpraisedforitsefficiency,flexibility,andtheextraincomeitprovidesforassetowners.Proponentsarguethatitmakesbetteruseofunderutilizedresources,reduceswaste,andfostersasenseofcommunitythroughpeer-to-peerinteractions.However,criticsraiseseveralconcerns.Onemajorissueisregulation.Traditionalhotelsandtaxiservicesaresubjecttostrictsafety,health,andinsuranceregulations,whichmanysharingeconomyplatformsbypass.Thiscreatesanunevenplayingfield.Forexample,ahotelmustmeetfiresafetystandardsandpayvarioustaxes,whileanAirbnbhostmightnotfacethesamerequirements.Thisnotonlyposespotentialriskstoconsumersbutalsoputstraditionalbusinessesatacompetitivedisadvantage.Anothersignificantcriticismrevolvesaroundlaborrights.Manydriversforride-sharingservicesareclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thismeanstheyarenotentitledtobenefitslikeminimumwageguarantees,healthinsurance,paidleave,orunemploymentinsurance.Theirincomecanbeunstableandhighlydependentondemandsurgesandplatformalgorithms.Thishasledtodebatesabouttheneedfornewlaborlawsthatreflectthechangingnatureofworkinthedigitalage.Furthermore,theimpactonlocalcommunitiescanbecomplex.Inpopulartouristdestinations,ahighconcentrationofshort-termrentalscandriveuphousingpricesandreducetheavailabilityoflong-termhousingforresidents.Itcanalsoalterthecharacterofneighborhoods,transformingresidentialareasintodefactotouristzones.Thesharingeconomypresentsbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Itsfuturegrowthwilllikelydependonfindingabalancebetweeninnovationandtheneedforfairregulationthatprotectsconsumers,workers,andcommunities.11.Whatisthemainadvantageofthesharingeconomymentionedinthepassage?A)Itcreatesfull-timeemploymentopportunities.B)Itensuresstableincomeforallparticipants.C)Itmakesmoreefficientuseofexistingresources.D)Itreplacestraditionalbusinessmodelscompletely.12.Whatisaregulatoryconcernaboutsharingeconomyplatforms?A)Theychargeconsumershigherpricesthantraditionalservices.B)Theyoftenoperatewithouttheconstraintsthatapplytotraditionalbusinesses.C)Theylackthetechnologicalinfrastructureforsecuretransactions.D)Theyareonlyaccessibletopeopleinurbanareas.13.Whatisaproblemforworkersinthesharingeconomy,accordingtothepassage?A)Theyhavetoworklongerhoursthantraditionalemployees.B)Theylackthejobsecurityandbenefitsoftraditionalemployment.C)Theyrequireextensivetrainingtousetheplatforms.D)Theyfaceintensecompetitionfrominternationalworkers.14.Whatnegativeeffectcanshort-termrentalshaveonlocalcommunities?A)Theyleadtoadecreaseintouristnumbers.B)Theycanmakehousinglessaffordableforresidents.C)Theyimprovethequalityoflocalpublicservices.D)Theyencourageyoungpeopletoleavetheirneighborhoods.15.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardthesharingeconomy?A)Stronglycritical.B)Enthusiasticallysupportive.C)Cautiouslybalanced.D)Deeplypessimistic.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumanbrain'sabilitytoforgetisjustasimportantasitsabilitytoremember.Fordecades,forgettingwasviewedasafailureofthememorysystem.However,recentneuroscienceresearchsuggeststhatforgettingisanactive,functionalprocesscrucialforcognitiveandbehavioralflexibility.Onekeytheoryisthatforgettinghelpsusprioritizeinformation.Ourbrainsareconstantlybombardedwithsensoryinput.Rememberingeverysingledetail—thecolorofeverycarwepassedonthewaytowork,theexactwordsofeveryconversation—wouldbeoverwhelmingandinefficient.Forgettingirrelevantdetailsallowsustofocusonandretainwhatistrulyimportant,facilitatingdecision-making.It'slikeclearingthecacheonacomputertohelpitrunfaster.Anothervitalfunctionofforgettingisemotionalregulation.Traumaticornegativememories,ifrecalledwithvividintensityforever,couldseverelyimpactmentalhealth.Thebrain'sabilitytograduallylessentheemotionalchargeofpainfulmemoriesovertimeisaprotectivemechanism.Thisprocess,ofteninvolvingtheprefrontalcortex,helpsusmoveonfrompastsetbacksandadapttonewsituations.Furthermore,forgettingisessentialforlearningnewthings.Thebrainneedstoupdateitsmodelsoftheworld.Ifold,outdatedinformationweretoofirmlyfixed,itwouldinterferewithacquiringnewknowledge.Thisisrelatedtotheconceptof"neuroplasticity."Forgettingsomeoldconnectionsmakesroomfornewones,allowingforcognitivegrowthandtheupdatingofbeliefsbasedonnewevidence.Ofcourse,excessiveforgetting,asinamnesiaorAlzheimer'sdisease,isdebilitating.Butnormal,everydayforgettingisnotabuginoursystem;it'safeature.Itenablesustoliveinthepresent,planforthefuture,andmaintainourpsychologicalwell-being.16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Forgettingisaharmfulprocessthatshouldbeprevented.B)Forgettingisanactiveandbeneficialbrainfunction.C)Memorytechniquescancompletelyeliminateforgetting.D)Neurosciencehasfailedtounderstandwhyweforget.17.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesforgettingaiddecision-making?A)Byerasingallmemoriesofpastmistakes.B)Byallowingustoremembereverydetailweencounter.C)Byremovingirrelevantinformationandhighlightingwhat'simportant.D)Bystrengtheningemotionalmemories.18.Whatroledoesforgettingplayinemotionalhealth?A)Itcausespeopletorepeatpastemotionalmistakes.B)Itpermanentlyremovesallmemoriesoftrauma.C)Ithelpsreducetheemotionalimpactofpainfulmemoriesovertime.D)Itmakeshappymemoriesmoreintense.19.Theauthormentions"neuroplasticity"toillustratethatforgettinghelps______.A)fixbeliefspermanentlyB)learnnewinformationbymakingroomforitC)rememberskillsfromchildhoodD)preventbraindiseases20.Whatistheauthor'sviewon"normal,everydayforgetting"?A)Itisasignofcognitivedecline.B)Itisanundesirablesystemerror.C)Itisanecessaryandfunctionalfeature.D)Itismoreimportantthanremembering.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet3.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是中华文化的重要组成部分。它不仅是书写文字的工具，更是一种表达情感和审美观念的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有韵律和美感的线条。练习书法需要耐心和专注，有助于修身养性。如今，书法依然深受人们喜爱，它不仅被视为一种高雅的艺术形式，也被认为是一种放松身心、提升个人修养的有效途径。---AnswerSheetPartIWriting(SampleEssayforReference)Inthecontemporaryworld,digitalliteracyhasbecomeacornerstoneofpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment.Itgoesfarbeyondbasiccomputerskills,encompassingthecriticalabilitytofind,evaluate,create,andcommunicateinformationusingdigitaltechnology.Forstudents,digitalliteracyisfundamental.Itempowersthemtonavigatevastonlineresources,collaborateonglobalplatforms,anddevelopessentialskillsforfuturecareers.Intheworkplace,digitallyliterateemployeesaremoreadaptable,productive,andinnovative.Theycanleveragedata,utilizenewtools,andsolvecomplexproblemsefficiently.Onasocietallevel,digitalliteracypromotesinclusion,allowingcitizenstoaccessservices,engageinciviclife,andconnectwithdiversecommunities.However,thedigitaldivideremainsachallenge,highlightingtheneedforconcertedeffortsfromeducatorsandpolicymakerstoensureequitableaccesstotechnologyandtraining.Ultimately,fosteringdigitalliteracyiskeytoempoweringindividualsandbuildingaresilient,forward-lookingsociety.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.D)encompasses2.C)communicate3.F)essential4.B)productive5.H)isolation6.J)reinforce7.I)