湖南省湘潭市二模英语试题

英语试卷注意事项：答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力共两节，满分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemantodoforthewoman?A.Giveheraride.B.Changeaflattire.C.Callroadsideassistance.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tknowhowtochangeaflattire.Whynotjustcalltheroadsideassistanceandleaveyourcarforthem?Icandriveyoutoanyplaceyouwant.W:Oh,thatwouldbegreat.Thanks.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatcanbeinferredaboutLucy’smom?A.Sheisathome.B.Sheisonvacation.C.Sheisonbusiness.【答案】C第1页/共28页

【解析】【原文】W:Dad!Dad!ehereandreadmethestory!M:NotuntilIfinishwashingtheclothes,Lucy.W:Andwhencanwehavesupper?Iwanttoeat,likenow!M:HowIwishyourmomwerenotonabusinesstrip!3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchshouldthewomanpay?A.$5.B.$8.C.$10.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:thebananapielooksinviting.Howmuchisit?M:5dollars,Miss,butifyoutaketwo,wecangiveyoua20%discount.W:Sure.Let’smakeittwothen.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whyisthewomanmakingthiscall?A.invitetheman.B.leaveamessage.C.confirmtheappointment.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,thisisPennyBlack.MayIspeaktoDr.Gates?M:Heishavingameetingyoumindleavingamessage?W:I’mcallingtoseeifmyappointmentwithDr.Gatesisat4tomorrowafternoon.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Attendaparty.B.Gotothecinema.C.Gotothepost【答案】A【解析】第2页/共28页

【原文】M:Mary,howaboutgoingtothecinematonight?W:I’dloveto,butIhavetogotothepostandthenImustattendmyaunt’sbirthdaypartytonight.M:Whatapity!It’sreallyagoodfilm.第二节共小题每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Husbandandwife.C.Salesmanandcustomer.7.Whatkindofbeddoesthewomanwant?A.Amediumsizedmetalbed.B.Alargemodernwoodenbed.C.Asmalltraditionalwoodenbed.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:Areyoulookingforabed?W:I’llgetmarriedintwomonths,soI’mheretogetanewbed.M:Congratulations!W:Thankyou.M:Then,areyouinterestedinaspecificstyleofbed,likemodernortraditional?W:I’dlikeakingsizebedwithamodernlook.M:Isee.Doyouhaveapreferenceformaterials,likewoodormetal?W:Abedmadeofwoodwouldbeideal.M:Gotit.Letmeshowyouacoupleofoptions.8.Whatdothespeakersdiscussaboutcarsatfirst?第3页/共28页

A.Thetypes.B.Thebrands.C.Theprices.9.Whatismostconcernedaboutwhenbuyingacar?A.Theprice.B.Thecolor.C.Theperformance.10.Whatistheman’sadviceonchoosingausedcar?A.buyinsurance.B.doathoroughcheck.C.lookforareliableseller.【答案】8.A9.A10.B【解析】【原文】W:Jordan,I’vebeenthinkingaboutbuyingmyfirstcar.Anyadvice?M:Sure,Thefirstthingtoconsideriswhattypeofcaryouwant:anelectriccaroragascar.W:Iwillonlyconsideragascar.M:Isee.Arethereanyparticularbrandsyoulike?W:No,Idon’tcareaboutbrands.Icareaboutthepriceinstead.Ican’tanexpensiveone.CanIconsiderausedcar?M:Absolutely.Acertifiedpreownedcarcanbeagreatdeal.Justmakesuretogetapletecheckdonebyatrustedmechanic.Lookforcarswithacleanservicehistory.W:Gotit.MaybeIcanhaveatestdrivebeforemakingadecision.M:Exactly.W:Thanksfortheadvice,Jordan.WhywillDianabeabsentfromtheclassnextA.Shewillseeadoctor.B.Shewillhaveatest.C.Shewillwatchavideo.12.WhichchaptercanDianaskip?A.Chapter17.B.Chapter18.C.Chapter19.13.WhatdoesthemanplantoemailtoDiana?A.Avideolink.B.Aresearchpaper.C.Apracticetest.第4页/共28页

【答案】A12.B13.C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,Mr.Henderson?M:Diana.HowcanIhelpyou?W:I’msorry,butIcan’tetotheclassnextIhaveadoctor’sappointment.M:OK.ThanksforlettingmeW:Isthereanythingtodoathome?M:Letmejustcheckmynotebook.OK,firstofall,youneedtoreadchapters17,19and20inthebook.Therearealsosomearticlesandavideotowatch—thoseareonline.W:Chapters17to20.M:Exceptchapter18.W:Ah,OK.Um...isthereadeadline?M:thisFriday.Butthereissomethingelse.Iwasgoingtogiveyouallapracticetest.W:Apracticetest?M:tohelpyouprepareforthemidtermexam.W:Ah.Allright.M:Don’tworry,Icansendyouthepracticetestbyemailon14.Whatdoesthemandecidetodofirst?A.Signupforayearlymembership.B.Bookapersonaltrainingsession.C.Choosethemonthlymembershipplan.15.Whatisthecostofasinglepersonaltrainingsession?A.$25.B.$30.C.$250.16.Whatisincludedinthemembership?A.Accesstogroupclasses.B.Adiscountonyearlyplans.C.Freepersonaltrainingsessions.17.Whatcanweinferabouttheman?第5页/共28页

A.Heisnewtofitnesstraining.B.Heisonlyinterestedingroupclasses.C.Heprefersflexibilityinthemembership.【答案】14.C15.B16.A17.C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,I’dliketosignupforamembership.Canyoutellmeabouttheoptions?W:Sure!havethreeplans:monthly,quarterly,andyearly.Theyearlyplanisthemostcosteffective,butthemonthlyoneismoreflexible.M:IthinkI’llgoforthemonthlyplan.Howmuchisit?W:It’s$50permonth,andyoucancancelanytime.M:Great.Doyouanypersonaltrainingsessions?W:wedo.Ourtrainersarecertified,andyoucanbooksessionsbasedonyourfitnessgoals.M:Thatsoundsgood.Howmuchdoesasessioncost?W:It’s$30persession,oryoucangetapackageof10sessionsfor$250.M:I’lltakethepackage.Also,arethereanygroupclassesincludedinthemembership?W:Absolutely!haveyogaclassesandfunctionaltrainingclasses.canjoinanyofthemforfree.M:Perfect.I’llsignupforthemonthlyplanandthetrainingpackage.W:Greatchoice!Letmegetthepaperworkreadyforyou.18.Whatisthespeechabout?A.Howtobuyfreshfruits.B.Howtomakefruitsalad.C.Howtoattendclasscarefully.19.Whatisthesecondstepmentionedinthespeech?A.washthefruits.B.taketheseedsout.C.cutthefruitsintopieces.20.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Somepatients.B.Someparents.C.Somechildren.第6页/共28页

【答案】18.B19.B20.C【解析】【原文】W:Allright,let’sstarttoday’slesson.aregoingtomakefruitsaladtoday.HereIhavegotsomeapples,pearsandbananas.mayusegrapesorstrawberrieswhenyoumakeitathome.NowI’lltellyouhowtodoit.Pleaselistentomecarefully.First,youhavetowashthefruitsandpeeltheskins.Next,takeouttheseedsfromtheapplesandpears.Then,youcantakeaknifeandcutthefruitsintosmallpieces.Rememberthatyoushouldbeverycarefulanditisquitedangeroustoplaywithknives.Afterthat,putthefruitsintoabigbowlandputsomesaladdressingonit.Useaspoontomixthefruitsandsaladdressingtogether.Last,putthesaladintothefridgeandwaitforsometime.Soon,itwillbereadytoserve.OK.Let’sbegintomakethesalad.haveonehourandfifteenminutes.Whenyoufinishdoingit,pleasedon’tstayinthekitchen.havetowaitintheTVroomuntilyourparentsarrivetopickyouup.第二部分阅读共两节，满分分)第一节共小题每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Ahavehundredsofrentalbikesinourcentralshopinrangingfromfortablecitycruisersandebikestohighperformanceroadbikesforseasonedriders.Allbikerentalsincludeplimentary(附赠的)helmets,locks,basketsorhandlebarbags&amap.Bookonlinetoguaranteeyourbike,orwalkintocheckoutourselection—wealwayskeepsomebikesavailableforwalkinrentals.Pricesaresubjectto5%GST(商品及服务税).Rentalscanbecancelledwithaminimum24hoursnotice.CreditcardandphotoIDrequiredforrentals.Belowarethemostchosenones.第7页/共28页

EnjoyfortableandeasyridingwithExperiencethefunofcyclingourCityStepThroughbike.Itslowtogetheronoureyecatchingred.orsleekstepthroughframemakesgettingonandasilvertandembikes!Equippedwithpowerfulbreeze,whiletheuprightridingpositiondiscbrakesand24speedsforeasyriding.ensuresarelaxedcruisealongtheseawall.Greatforcouples,families,orthosewithLightweightandequippedwith7gears(档varyingcyclingabilities.infour位),it’sperfectforleisurelyexplorationssizes,calltoinquireaboutsizinginadvance.throughscenicroutes:Hourly(lhrmin)$10Hourly(1hrmin)$20Halfday(3to5hrs)$30Halfday(3to5hrs)$60Fullday(untilclose)$50Fullday(untilclose)$8021.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthebikerentalservice?A.Discountsapplytoonlinerenters.B.Ebikesrequireextrasafetygear.C.Somebikesarekeptforinstantrentals.D.Roadbikesarethemostpopular.22.Whataretherentersrequiredtodo?A.Bringtheirownhelmets.B.Provideidentification.CReserve24hoursinadvance.D.Payadepositincash.23.Howmuchshouldyoupayforrentingatandembikeforafullday?A.$50.B.$52.5.C.$80.D.$84.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】第8页/共28页

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了温哥华市中心的自行车租赁服务，含车型、附赠物品、预订与租赁规则，还介绍了热门城市游览自行车的骑行优势。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Bookonlinetoguaranteeyourbike,orwalkintocheckoutourselection—wealwayskeepsomebikesavailableforwalkinrentals.(部分自行车供到店即时租赁。)”可知，部分自行车被留作即时租赁。故选C项。【22题详解】CreditcardandphotoIDrequiredforrentals.(租赁自行车需提供信用卡和带照片的身份证件。)”可知，租客被要求提供身份证件。故选B项。【23题详解】80Pricesaresubjectto5%GST.(所有价格均需加收5%的商品及服务税。)”可知，含税后价格为80+80×5%=84美元。故选D项。BinitiatedthebustripswhenIwasaroundsevenyearsold.Backthen,welivedatourgrandparents’houseinOceanside,California.Ourfinancialsituationbecameincreasinglystrainedaftermyfather,whohaddedicatedovertwodecadestoservingintheU.S.AirForce,honorablyretiredandsubsequentlyencounteredchallengesinsecuringastablepositioninthecivilianworkforce.werealsostrugglingtofindanaffordableplacetocallourown.Itwouldhavebeeneasytogiveintofrustration.Butmomhadotherideas,usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandmefondmemoriesthatwouldourperspectiveforever.However,Ionlyappreciatedthefullextentofherwisdommanyyearslater.Onceortwiceaweek,shewouldleadustothebusstop,andfromtherewewould“seetheworld”.Thepublictransportationsystemwasextensive,andwithoneticketwecouldrideallday.Mymomstudiedtheroutescarefullyandguidedustoavarietyofdestinations.AmongourfavoriteswasthemallinCarlsbad.Atitscenterstoodaglassclocktowerwithgears(齿轮)thatrolledplasticballsalongrails,bouncingthemontodrumsandramps,thenliftingthemupagaintorepeatthecycle.Thesightalwaysdrewasmallcrowd,mostlychildren.Onotherdays,wetookthebustoStrandBeach,wherewewatchedshipsinthedistanceandheardhelicoptersandaircraftsoaringoverheadtowardthenaval(海军的)baseatCampPendleton.Everytripwetookfeltlikeagrandexpedition,andIwasgratefultomymomformakingthatdifficultperiod第9页/共28页

soenjoyable.Eventually,myfatherfoundasteadyjob,andwemovedintoahomeinthecountryside.Mymomdidmorethandistractusfromourtroubles.Sheinstilledinusenthusiasmforkeepingoureyesopenandappreciatingtheworldthatwasourswithouthavingtoreallypayanything.Mostimportantly,sheshowedusthatregardlessofwherewewere,andwhatweweregoingthrough,therewassomethingwecouldsmileaboutsomewhere.24.Whydidthefamilyfacedifficulties?A.ThefatherlosthisjobintheU.S.AirForce.B.Thefamilyhadnofixedplaceofresidence.C.Theylivedfarawayfromthecity.D.Theylackedfinancialstability.25.Whatwasthemother’sprimarypurposeofthetrip?A.buildapositiveattitudetotheworld.B.promoteherhusbandatthenavalbase.C.findanewhomeinthecountryside.D.explorejobopportunitiesinCarlsbad.26.Whatdoestheauthormostappreciateabouthismomnow?A.Herknowledgeofpublictransportation.B.Herskillinplanningdetailedtravelroutes.C.Herwisdominshapingtheiroutlookonlife.D.Herpatienceduringtheirfinancialstruggles.27.Whichwordbestdescribesthemother?A.Ambitious.B.Resourceful.C.Adventurous.D.Protective.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了家境拮据时母亲带孩子乘公交看世界，让孩子收获积极人生观的往事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ourfinancialsituationbecameincreasinglystrainedaftermyfather,whohaddedicatedovertwodecadestoservingintheU.S.AirForce,honorablyretiredandsubsequentlyencountered第10页/共28页

challengesinsecuringastablepositioninthecivilianworkforce.werealsostrugglingtofindanaffordableplacetocallourown.(父亲在美国空军服役二十余年，光荣退役后，却难以在民用领域找到一份稳定的工作。自那以后，家里的经济状况愈发拮据，我们也一直苦于找不到一处能负担得起的安身之所)”可知，这个家庭面临困难是因为他们缺乏经济稳定性。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Butmomhadotherideas,usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandmefondmemoriesthatwouldourperspectiveforever.However,Ionlyappreciatedthefullextentofherwisdommanyyearslater.(但母亲却另有想法，她借着这样的处境，为我和弟弟杰西创造了温馨的回忆，而这些回忆)”及最后一段“Mymomdidmorethandistractusfromourtroubles.Sheinstilledinusenthusiasmforkeepingoureyesopenandappreciatingtheworldthatwasourswithouthavingtoreallypayanything.Mostimportantly,sheshowedusthatregardlessofwherewewere,andwhatweweregoingthrough,therewassomethingwecouldsmileaboutsomewhere.(母亲做的不仅仅是分散我们的注意力，让我们远离烦恼。她给我们灌输了睁大眼睛欣赏这个属于我们的世界的热情，而不需要付出任何代价。最重要的是，她告诉我们，无论我们在哪里，无论我们正在经历什么，总有一些事情是值得我们微笑的)”可推知，母亲旅行的主要目的是培养对世界的积极态度。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Butmomhadotherideas,usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandmefondmemoriesthatwouldourperspectiveforever.However,Ionlyappreciatedthefullextentofherwisdommanyyearslater.(但母亲却另有想法，她借着这样的处境，为我和弟弟杰西创造了温馨的回忆，而这些回忆也彻底改变了我们看待世界的视角。只是这份智慧的深意，我直到多年后才真正体会到)”及最后一段中“Mostimportantly,sheshowedusthatregardlessofwherewewere,andwhatweweregoingthrough,therewassomethingwecouldsmileaboutsomewhere.(什么，总有一些事情是值得我们微笑的)”可知，作者现在最欣赏母亲的是她在塑造他们人生观方面的智慧。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Butmomhadotherideas,usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandmefondmemoriesthatwouldourperspectiveforever.(但母亲却另有想法，她借着这样的处境，为我和弟弟杰西创造了温馨的回忆，而这些回忆也彻底改变了我们看待世界的视角)”以及第三段中“Onceortwiceaweek,shewouldleadustothebusstop,andfromtherewewould“seetheworld”.Thepublictransportationsystemwas第11页/共28页

extensive,andwithoneticketwecouldrideallday.Mymomstudiedtheroutescarefullyandguidedustoavarietyofdestinations.(张票我们可以坐一整天。母亲仔细研究了路线，并引导我们前往各种目的地)”结合全文内容可知，母亲在家庭经济困难的情况下，利用公共交通系统，带孩子们去不同的地方，给孩子们留下了美好的回忆，塑造了孩子们积极的人生观。由此推知，母亲是足智多谋的。故选B。CUnderstandingasimplelookingsentencelike“Ireadthisarticleyesterday”actuallyrequiresplexputation(计算):asubject(“I”)performedanaction(“read”)onanobject(“article”)ataspecifictime(“yesterday”).Butthehumanbrainroutinelydoesthisworknearlyinstantlybasedongrammaticalrules,sayslinguistAndreaE.Martin.Histeamhasnowfoundthatthebrainacmodatesgrammaticaldifferencesacrosslanguagesbyadjustinghowitprocesseseachsentence.ForarecentstudyinPLOSBiology,theresearchersobservedvariationsinDutchspeakingparticipants’brainwaveswhiletheylistenedtoaDutchaudiobook.visualizethesechanges,thescientistsusedametric(衡量标准)quantifyinghowmanynew“predictions”thebrainmakesofwordsthatcouldenext.Thisframeworkwasthentestedagainstthreedifferentparsing(句法分析的)strategiesthatillustratehowthebrainbuildsinformationovertime.PreviousEnglishbasedstudiesconcludedinfavorofamodelwherelisteners“waitandsee”howeachphraseendsbeforeinterpretingit.ButtheDutchspeakersinMartin’sstudyleanedstronglytowardapredictivemodel;participantstendedtofinisheachphraseintheirheadbeforeitwasplete.Athirdmodel,inwhichlistenerswaitforallphrasesbeforeinterpretinganypart,isseldomusedineitherlanguage.InDutch,verbssometimeseneartheendofasentence,explainsstudyauthorCasW.Coopmans.Forinstance,“becauseIateacookiewithchocolate”inDutchwouldbe“becauseIacookiewithchocolateate”.Listenerswouldhavetowaitlongfortheverb,sopredictiveprocessingbeesmorenatural.Neitherstrategyis“betterorworse”,Coopmansadds.Itissimplysuitedtothepropertiesofeachlanguage.Thefindingssupporttheneedformorediversityinlinguisticmodels,saysJixingLi,alinguistatCityUniversityofHongKong.IfstudiesaredoneonlyinEnglishspeakers,crucialdifferenceswillbemissed.Diversifyingresearch,Martinsays,willhelpcapturehowthebrainunderstandsthestructuredmeaningandsocialutilityoflanguage.28.WhatdoesMartin’steamdiscoveraboutthebrain?A.Itinterpretswordsrandomly.第12页/共28页

B.Itadaptstogrammarrules.C.Itfavorsgrammaticalchanges.D.Itignoressentencestructures.29.WhatmodeldoDutchspeakersprefer?A.forfullphrases.B.Predictingphraseendings.C.Ignoringverbpositions.D.FollowingEnglishstrategies.30.WhyispredictiveprocessingnaturalforDutch?A.Itsverbsoccasionallyappearlate.B.Ithassimplergrammaticalrules.C.Itusesmonvocabulary.D.Itssentencesaregenerallylonger.31.Whatdothefindingsstress?A.Englishisthebeststudylanguage.B.Dutchismuchhardertoprocess.C.Peopleignoresociallanguageuse.D.Linguisticmodelsneeddiversity.【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.D【解析】AndreaE.Martin团队的研究成果。该研究表明大脑会通过调整对句子的处理方式来适应不同语言的语法差异，并通过对荷兰语使用者的研究，揭示了不同语言使用者在句法分析策略上的偏好，强调了语言模型多样化的重要性。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Histeamhasnowfoundthatthebrainacmodatesgrammaticaldifferencesacrosslanguagesbyadjustinghowitprocesseseachsentence.(他的团队现已发现，大脑通过调整处理每个句子的方式来适应不同语言间的语法差异)”可知，Martin的团队发现大脑能够适应语法规则。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ButtheDutchspeakersinMartin’sstudyleanedstronglytowardapredictivemodel;participantstendedtofinisheachphraseintheirheadbeforeitwasplete.(但Martin研究中的荷兰语使用者强第13页/共28页

烈倾向于一种预测模型；参与者往往在短语完整说完之前就在脑海中补全它)”可知，荷兰语使用者更喜欢预测短语结尾的模型。故选B项。【30题详解】InDutch,verbssometimeseneartheendofasentence,explainsstudyauthorCasW.Coopmans.Forinstance,“becauseIateacookiewithchocolate”inDutchwouldbe“becauseIacookiewithchocolateate”.Listenerswouldhavetowaitlongfortheverb,sopredictiveprocessingbeesmorenatural.(研究作者卡斯·W·库普曼斯解释道，在荷兰语中，动词有时会出现在句子末尾。比如，英语里“因为我吃了一块巧克力饼干”这句话，在荷兰语中的语序会是“因为我一块巧克力饼干吃了”。听者必须等很久才能听到动词，因此预测性加工在这种语言环境下会变得更为自然)”可知，因为荷兰语中动词偶尔出现得晚，所以预测性处理对荷兰语来说很自然。故选A项。【31题详解】Thefindingssupporttheneedformorediversityinlinguisticmodels...(这些发现支)”可知，研究结果强调语言模型需要多样性。故选D项。DBreakingabiggoalintosmallerpartsmightseemlikeasimpletrick.Infact,itisastrategythatcanbeappliedwidely—toexercisingregularly,savingmoney,orbuildinganewskill.Butisthererealscientificevidenceforitseffectiveness?figureitout,ourteamcarriedoutalargescalefieldexperimentwiththousandsofparticipantsineverydaysettings.Forourstudy,wepartneredwithCrisisLine(CTL),anonprofitprovidingfreecounseling.CTLvolunteersareexpectedtoplete200hoursofserviceeachyear,whichisquitedemandingparedwiththenationalaverage.wonderedwhethersettingsmallersubgoalswouldencouragegreaterparticipation.Inourstudy,over9,000volunteersreceivedemailspresentingtheyearlytargetindifferentwaysforthreemonths.Someweretoldsimplytoaimfor200hourswithnodetailedgoalbreakdown,whileotherswereencouragedtomeeteitherfourhoursperweekoreighthourseverytwoweeks.Thenwetrackedhowmuchtimeeachgroupoftrainedcrisiscounselorsactuallyspentvolunteeringduringthestudy.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewithsmallersubgoalsvolunteered7percentto8percentmorethanthosegivenonlythebiggoal.Thismaysoundlikeamodestincrease,butwhenscaledacrossCTL’sthousandsofvolunteers,ourinterventiontranslatedtothousandsofadditionalcounselinghourseverymonthatessentiallyzerocosttotheorganization.alsofoundthatthemoreflexible“eighthourseverytwoweeks”conditionledtomorelastingbenefits,asdeclinesinvolunteeringwereslowerthaninthestricter“fourhourseveryweek”condition.第14页/共28页

OurstudydovetailswiththeresearchbybehavioralscientistsHalHershfieldandShlomoBenartzi.Theirworkshowsthatpeoplearefourtimesmorelikelytosignupforasavingsprogramwhentherequireddepositisdescribedas$5adayratherthan$150amonth.together,thisrecentresearchsuggeststhatwhethergoalsrequiretakingasingleactionor“keepingyournosetothegrindstone”,subgoalsmayhelp.32.Whatdidthefieldexperimentfocuson?A.Thecostofvolunteering.BTheofflexibleschedule.C.Themethodofattainingambitiousgoals.D.Theeffectivenessofsubgoals.33.Howwasthefieldexperimentconducted?A.Byinterviewingvolunteersabouttheirpreferences.B.Byinstructingparticipantsinbreakingdowngoals.C.Byparingdifferentgoalsettingapproaches.D.Byprovidingcounselorswithnoveltechniques.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“dovetailswith”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Correspondswith.B.Subscribesto.C.Conflictswith.D.Goesto.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.WhyBreakingGoalsintoSmallerPartsB.HowCrisisLineIncreasedHoursC.TheScienceofGoalSetting:ALargeScaleExperimentD.SmallSubgoals,BigImpact:EvidencefromaFieldStudy【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究团队通过与CTL合作的实地实验，验证了拆分大目标为子目标的有效性，灵活子目标效果更持久，且该研究与相关行为学研究结论相符。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butisthererealscientificevidenceforitseffectiveness?figureitout,ourteamcarriedoutalargescalefieldexperimentwiththousandsofparticipantsineverydaysettings.(但这种策略的有效第15页/共28页

性是否有确凿的科学证据呢？为了找到答案，我们团队在日常场景中对数千名参与者开展了一项大规模实地实验。)”以及第二段“wonderedwhethersettingsmallersubgoalswouldencouragegreaterparticipation.(我们想知道设定更小的子目标是否能激励参与者更多地投入。)”可知，该实地实验聚焦于子目标的有效性。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inourstudy,over9,000volunteersreceivedemailspresentingtheyearlytargetindifferentwaysforthreemonths.Someweretoldsimplytoaimfor200hourswithnodetailedgoalbreakdown,whileotherswereencouragedtomeeteitherfourhoursperweekoreighthourseverytwoweeks.(在我们的研究中，三个月里，9000多名志愿者收到了以不同方式呈现年度目标的邮件。一部分人仅被告知要完成200小时的目标，无详细拆分；另一部分人则被鼓励完成每周4小时或每两周8小时的子目标。)”可知，实验通过对比不同的目标设定方式展开。故选C项。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewithsmallersubgoalsvolunteered7percentto8percentmorethanthosegivenonlythebiggoal.(时长多出7%至8%)”以及最后一段“Theirworkshowsthatpeoplearefourtimesmorelikelytosignupforasavingsprogramwhentherequireddepositisdescribedas$5adayratherthan$150amonth.(要求的存款金额被描述为每天5美元而非每月150美元时，人们报名参加储蓄计划的可能性会提高四倍。)”可知，当存款要求描述为每天5美元而非每月150美元时，人们报名储蓄项目的可能性高出4倍。这一研究同样证明“将大目标拆解为小目标更有效”，与作者团队的实验结论一致，因此“dovetailswith”意为Correspondswith意义相近。故选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewithsmallersubgoalsvolunteered7percentto8percentmorethanthosegivenonlythebiggoal.(时长多出7%至8%)”以及文章内容可知，作者团队通过大规模实地实验，验证了将大目标拆分为小目标的D项。第二节共5小题每小题分，满分分)Abeautifulflowergardenbeginswithpreparation.Itisnotjustaboutchoosingprettyflowers.____36____Forbeginners,thisstepisespeciallyimportant.Thestepsbelowoutlinethekeyfactorstoconsiderbeforegetting第16页/共28页

started.Thefirststepincreatingtheperfectflowergardenistofamiliarizeyourselfwiththeareayouwanttoplant.Landscapearchitect,MaryEllenCowansuggests,“Reallyknowyoursite.____37____Behonestwithlight,moisture(水分)conditions,andtheshapeoftheland.”Healthysoilisthefoundationofasuccessfulflowergarden.____38____Onereliablewaytodothisisthroughasoiltest.ErinBenzakein,ownerofFloretFlowerFarm,explainshowtocollectsoilsamples:Digaboutonefootdeepandtakesmallamountsfromdifferentareas.Thensendittoatestinglabforanalysis.Theresultswillhelpyoudecidehowtoimproveyoursoil.Cowanalsosays,“Learnwhatplantsgrowwellinyoursoil.____39____”CarolBornstein,expertattheSantaBarbaraBotanicGarden,remends“visitingnearbynaturalareasthatmimic(与……相似)yourconditionsinthewildtodiscovertheflowersthatyoulike”.Inherbook,ABeautifulandEasyCareFlowerGarden,StacyLingremindsusto“thinkthroughyourlifestylebeforeyoudesign,plant,anddecorateyourgardenspaces.Everyspringit’stemptingtowanttodoitall,butberealisticwithhowmuchtimeyouhaveavailabletomaintainyourgarden.____40____”A.canalwaysaddmorenextyear.B.shouldunderstandyourgardenfirst.C.Theplantswillfillinfasterandcutdownonweeds.D.Onthisbasis,youcanfigureoutwhattoplantwisely.E.Listentomothernaturetolearnabouttheland’squality.F.can’thaveeverythingscreamingatyouinthegarden.G.Beforeplanting,itpaystounderstandwhatnutrientsitalreadyhas.【答案】36.B37.E38.G39.D40.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍打造美丽花园的准备工作，讲解了解场地、土壤、花卉及自身能力四大关键要点。36题详解】第17页/共28页

上文“Abeautifulflowergardenbeginswithpreparation.Itisnotjustaboutchoosingprettyflowers.(一个美丽的花园始于准备。这不仅仅是选择漂亮的花)”说明打造美丽花园不仅仅是选花，还需要其他准备工作，下文“Forbeginners,thisstepisespeciallyimportant.Thestepsbelowoutlinethekeyfactorstoconsiderbeforegettingstarted.()”指出有关键因素需要考虑，空处承上启下，衔接前后关于花园打造准备工作的内容，B选项“你应该先了解你的花园”符合语境，既承接上文关于花园准备的话题，又引出下文对花园准备关键因素的阐述。故选B。【37题详解】上文“Landscapearchitect,MaryEllenCowansuggests,‘Reallyknowyoursite.(景观设计师玛丽·艾伦·考恩)Behonestwithlight,moisture(水分)conditions,andtheshapeoftheland.(如实了解光照、水分条件和土地形状)”进一步说明了解场地的具体内容，空处承上启下，E地质量，与上下文紧密相连。故选E。【38题详解】上文“Healthysoilisthefoundationofasuccessfulflowergarden.(健康的土壤是成功打造花园的基础)”说明土壤健康很重要，下文“Onereliablewaytodothisisthroughasoiltest.(一个可靠的方法是通过土壤测试)”指出了解土壤的方法，空处承上启下，G选项“在种植之前，了解土壤中已经含有什么养分是值得的”符合语境，说明在种植前了解土壤养分的重要性，与上下文逻辑连贯。故选G。【39题详解】上文“Learnwhatplantsgrowwellinyoursoil.(了解什么植物在你的土壤中生长良好)”说明要了解适合土壤的植物，空处应是对上文的进一步说明或结果，D选项“在此基础上，你可以明智地决定种植什么”符合D。【40题详解】上文“Everyspringit’stemptingtowanttodoitall,butberealisticwithhowmuchtimeyouhaveavailabletomaintainyourgarden.(每年春天，人们都很想把所有事情都做了，但要现实地考虑你有多少时间来维护你的花园)”说明要现实地考虑维护花园的时间，不要贪多，下文应是对这一观点的进一步阐述或建议，A选项“你明年可以再添加更多”贴合上文“不要一次性做完”的建议，给出行事留余地的做法，符合语境。故选A。第三部分语言运用共两节，满分分)第一节共小题每小题1分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。第18页/共28页

Liam’shandsshookashelaidthecrumpled(变皱的)paperonthediningtable.Hisparentswouldbehomefromworkanym