2025~2026学年上海市杨浦区控江中学第一学期高一年级英语期末考试卷

2025~2026学年上海市杨浦区控江中学第一学期高一年级英语期末考试卷一、单项选择1.Thepartythestudentshadbeenlookingforwardto_________yesterdayeveningatlast.

A．washeldB．wastoholdC．beingheldD．beheld2.MichaelJacksongainedpopularityatatimewhenMTVwasestablishing_________asacreativeforce.

A．himselfB．itC．hisD．itself3.Achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthan_________wholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.

A．thatB．oneC．otherD．either4.TheAmericanapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanypeoplebecausethereislessemphasisonlearningfacts_________istrueinthesystemsofmanyothercountries.

A．thanB．thatC．whichD．what5.Mr.Greenisreported________anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolvingtheprobleminthepast.

A．todoB．tohavebeendoneC．tobedoingD．tohavedone6.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered________clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.

A．toissueB．beingissuedC．tohavebeenissuedD．tobeissued7._______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.

A．ExposedB．HavingexposedC．AfterbeingexposedD．Beingexposed8.TheOlympicGames,________in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.

A．firstplayingB．tobefirstplayedC．firstplayedD．tobefirstplaying9.inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A．LosingB．HavinglostC．LostD．Tolose10.—Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.—That’sallright.

A．lettingyounotknowB．notlettingyouknowC．lettingyouknownotD．lettingnotyouknow二、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheAntoninePlague(瘟疫)Theyearwas166C.E.,andtheRomanEmpirewasinitsprime(鼎盛时期).ThesuccessfulRomantroops,underthecommandofEmperorLuciusVerrus,returnedtoRomeafterdefeatingtheirParthianenemies.AstheymarchedwesttowardRome,theycarriedwiththemmorethanthespoilsofParthiantemples;theyalsocarriedanepidemicthat11(ruin)theRomanEmpireoverthecourseofthenexttwodecades.TheAntoninePlague,12wasknownlater,wouldreacheverycorneroftheempireandiswhatclaimedthelife(夺取生命)ofLuciusVerrushimselfin169-andpossibly13ofhisco-emperorMarcusAureliusin180.TheeffectoftheepidemiconRome’sarmieswasobviouslydestructive.Closenesstosickfellowsoldiersandbadlivingconditionsmadeitpossiblefortheoutbreaktospreadrapidlythroughoutthetroops,suchasthosewhowerebasedalongthenorthernfrontieratAquileia.Troopselsewhereintheempire14(strike)inthesameway.Toreversetheir15(shrink)soldiers,theysentthesonsofsoldierstotroops.Armydischargecertificates(退伍证书)fromtheBalkanregionsuggestthattherewasanobviousdecreaseinthenumberofsoldierswhowereallowed16(retire)frommilitaryserviceduringtheperiodoftheplague.Theeffectonthecivilianpopulationwasevidentlybynomeanslesssevere.InhislettertoAthensin174,MarcusAureliusloosenedtherequirementsformembershiptotherulingcouncilofAthens,17therewerenowtoofew18(survive)upper-classAthenianswhomettherequirementshe19(introduce)beforetheoutbreak.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthedeathrateoverthe23-yearperiodoftheAntoninePlaguewas7—10percentofthepopulation.Besidesthepracticalconsequencesoftheoutbreak,thepsychologicalimpactonthepopulationscouldnotbeignored.Itiseasytoimaginethesenseoffearandhelplessness20ancientRomansmusthavefeltinthefaceofsucharuthless,painful,disfiguringandfrequentlyfataldisease.三、选词填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.pushB.skipC.impressD.conflictsE.biologicallyF.survive

G.blameH.sociallyI.functionallyJ.identityK.criticismTeenagerebellion(叛逆)oftenpuzzlesparents,whomay21ontheirkids’badattitudes.Butthisbehaviorisn’tmeaningless-it’sakeypartofgrowingupwithclearunderlyingcauses.22,teens’brainsarestilldeveloping.Theirprefrontalcortex,whichcontrolsdecision-making,isimmature,whiletheemotionalpartworksovertime.Thismakesthemlikelytoactimpulsivelyandignorerisks.They23againstfamilyrulesnottobedifferent,buttoseekindependence,avitalsteptowardadulthood24,peerapprovalmattersgreatlytothem.Theymayattemptriskythingsorbreakrulesto25friendsandfitin.Forexample,someteensmight26studysessionstojoingroupactivities,justtogainasenseofbelonging.Toalargeextent,thisdesireforsocialacceptancedrivesmanyrebelliousacts.Anothersecretistheirsearchfor27.Teensuseuniqueclothing,hobbiesorevendefiancetofigureoutwhotheyare.Whenparentstrytofixeverychoiceforthem,itmakesteensfeelcontrolled.Ambitiousteensespeciallyhatebeingcontrolled,astheywanttomaketheirowndecisions.Thekeypointforparentsistoavoidharsh28.Instead,setreasonableboundaries.Rebellionhelpsteenslearnto29challengesandbuildproblem-solvingskills.Withempathy,parentscanturn30intoopportunitiesforcloserbonds.Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.climateB.sessionC.headedDstirE.applicationF.credited

G.abnormalH.struggleI.feverishJ.assumeK.ignoredToBeaGenius,ThinkLikea94-Year-OldIn1964,a23-year-oldArmyveterannamedJohnGoodenough31totheUniversityofChicagowithadreamofstudyingphysics.Whenhearrived,aprofessorwarnedhimthathewasalreadytoooldtosucceedinthefield.Recently,Dr.Goodenoughrecountedthatstoryformeandthenlaughed.He32theprofessor’sadviceandtoday,at94,hasjustsetthetechindustryabuzz(议论纷纷)withhisamazingcreativity.Heandhisteamfiledapatent(专利)33onanewkindofbatterythat,ifitworksaspromised,wouldbesocheap,lightweightandsafethatitwouldrevolutionizeelectriccarsandkilloffpetroleum-fueledvehicles.Hisannouncementhascauseda34inpart,becauseDr.Goodenoughhasdoneitbefore.In1980,atage57,heco-inventedthelithium-ion(锂离子电池)thatshrankpowerintoatinypackage.Wetendto35thatcreativitybecomesweakwithage.ButDr.Goodenough’sstorysuggeststhatsomepeopleactuallybecomemorecreativeastheygrowolder.Unfortunately,thoselate-bloominggeniuseshaveto36withpowerfulbiasesagainstthem.“Youngpeoplearejustsmart,”MarkZuckerbergpronouncedataneventatStanfordin2007,whenhewasthe22-year-oldchiefexecutiveofFacebook.Sincethatspeech,SiliconValley’syouthadmirationseemstohavegrownevenmore37.Insucha38it’seasyforusmiddle-agedfolktobelievethatthegreatimaginativeperiodsarebehindus,andtheinnovationbelongstothekids.Onthecontrary,there’splentyofevidencetosuggestthatlatebloomingisnot39.Dr.Goodenoughsaid,“Someofusareturtles;wecrawlandstrugglealong,andwehaven’tmaybefigureditoutbythetimewe’re30.Butturtleshavetokeeponwalking.”He40oldagewithbringinghimanewkindofintellectualfreedom.Hesaid,“Younolongerworryaboutkeepingyourjob.”四、完形填空BestSuccessStoriesOftenBeginWithFailureLongbeforetheiPhonemadehimthegodofgadgets,SteveJobslaunchedhistechnologycareerbyhackinghomephonestomakefreelong-distancecalls.J.K.Rowlingspentcountlessnightsinacafé_________tomakeherideaforanovelaboutwizardscometolifebeforeshebecameabest-sellingauthor.Behindeverysuccessstoryisatoughfirsteffortoragreatchangeof_________.It’sthesefirstclumsystepsontheroadtofameandfortunethat_________writerSethFiegerman.HeeditedtheblogOpeningL.acollectionofcasestudiesonthe_________offamouscareers.FiegermanfoundadreamjobasaresearcheditoratPlayboymagazineaftergraduatingfromNewYorkUniversity.Buthehadworkedthereforjusthalfayearwhenthemanagerannouncedthatmostofthestaffwouldsoonbe_________.Asunemployment_________,Fiegermanfeltatsea.HebegantoexplorethePlayboyarchives(档案)_________aseriesofinterviewswithcelebritiesrangingfromMarlonBrandotoMalcolmX.Manyofthesesuccessfulpeoplesharedtalesoftheirless_________earlydays,andFiegermanquicklybecamecrazyabouttheseoriginstories.“Whenyouseesomeonewho’sverysuccessful,youalmostimaginethatitwasa(n)_________conclusion,thatthey’regeniuses,thattheyweredestinedforgreatthings,”saysFiegennan.“Butactuallyfewsuccessfulpeoplewerechildprodigies(神童)likeMozart.”Readingaboutthedifficultiesthatfamousfigureshadto_________,Fiegermanbegantolearnthatsuccesswaslessamatterofinnatetalentandmorethe_________ofpersistence,a_________tofalldownandstandupagainandagain.Astar’searlystrugglesmightdisillusion(使幻想破灭)somefans,butFiegermanfoundcomfortin_________beginningsandknewthathisownearlystumblingstonewasn’t_________.Today,hecoversstart-upbusinessesatthetechnewswebsiteMashable.Whilehespendslesstimeontheblog,hehopesotheryoungpeoplewillconstantly_________fromhiswork.41.A．attemptingB．longingC．rushingD．planning42.A．attitudeB．directionC．methodD．style43.A．capturedB．encouragedC．inspiredD．promoted44.A．causesB．originsC．resultsD．stories45.A．laiddownB．laidoffC．laidonD．laidout46.A．approachedB．continuedC．increasedD．remained47.A．locatingB．discoveringC．searchingD．tracing48.A．attractiveB．competitiveC．disgustingD．hopeful49.A．logicalB．impossibleC．inevitableD．surprising50.A．encounterB．faceC．handleD．overcome51.A．endingB．experienceC．productD．reason52.A．reluctanceB．tendencyC．willingnessD．wish53.A．luckyB．roughC．smoothD．successful54.A．encouragingB．everlastingC．growingD．fascinating55.A．benefitB．profitC．escapeD．start五、阅读理解LabanandMiriamgreetedmeattheirfrontgateandstartedtellingmetheirstory.Twoyearsbefore,theyhadbeensmallholderfarmers.Likemostoftheirneighbors,theyhadbeendesperatelypoor.Labanwouldworkoddjobs(打零工)tomakeendsmeet.BythetimeImetthem,theirlifehadimproveddramatically.Theynowhadfourcows,whichwereproducing26litersofmilkeveryday.Theircowsearnedthemnearly$4perday,whichinthatpartofKenyawasenoughtoallowthemtorebuildtheirhome,growpineapplesforexport,andsendtheirchildrentoschool.Worldwide,thereareover500millionsmallholderfarms,andabouttwo-thirdsofpeopleinpovertyworkinagriculture.Yetdespitetheirlargenumbers,smallholderfarmersareresponsibleforremarkablyfewgreenhousegasemissions,becausetheycan’taffordtousenearlyasmanyproductsandservicesthatinvolvefossilfuels.AtypicalKenyanproduces55timeslesscarbondioxidethananAmerican,andruralfarmerslikeLabanandMiriamproduceevenless.Thecruelinjusticeisthateventhoughtheworld’spooraredoingessentiallynothingtocauseclimatechange,they’retheonesthataregoingtobesufferingthemostfromit.Astheclimategetswarmer,droughtsandfloodswillbecomemorefrequent,wipingoutharvestsmoreoften.Livestockeatlessandproducelessmeatandmilk.Theairandsoillosemoisture,leavinglesswateravailableforplants.InSouthAsiaandsub-SaharanAfrica,tensofmillionsofacresoffarmlandwillbecomesubstantiallydrier.Anincreasingnumberofcrop-eatingpestsarealreadyinvadingmorelandsastheyfindmorefavorableenvironmentstolivein.Thegrowingseasonwillalsogetshorter.AtfourdegreesCelsiusofwarming,mostofsub-SaharanAfricacouldseeitshrinkby20percentormore.Alloftheseproblemswillmakefoodfarmoreexpensiveforthosewhocanleastaffordit.Asfoodbecomeslessavailable,analreadyenormousinequitybetweenrichandpoorwillgetevenworse.Today,achildborninChadis50timesmorelikelytodiebeforehisfifthbirthdaythanachildborninFinland.Morekidswon’tgetallthenutrientstheyneed,weakeningtheirbodies’naturaldefensesandmakingthemmuchmorelikelytodieofinfectiousdiseases.Intheend,theworstimpactofclimatechangeinpoorcountriesisthattheratesofmalnutritionanddeathwillincrease.56.Accordingtothearticle,LabanandMiriammanagedtoimprovethequalityoftheirlifeby________.

A．raisingafewdairycowsB．sellingpineapplesabroadC．spendingmoretimedoingoddjobsD．involvingtheirchildreninfarmwork57.Theunderlinedpronoun“it”inParagraph6refersto________.

A．thegrowingseasonB．thesizeoffarmlandC．thedurationofwinterD．thenumberofcrop-eatingpests58.Accordingtothearticle,theworldislikelytoseeanincreasein________.(1)lessproductiveanimals(2)harmfulinsects(3)naturaldisasters(4)infectiousdiseases

A．(2)(3)B．(1)(2)(3)C．(1)(3)D．(1)(3)(4)59.Thewriterthinksthatthepooraregoingtobethehardest-hitvictimsofclimatechangebecause________.

A．thegeographicallocationoftheirhomelandisfarfromidealB．nobodywillbereadytohelpthemfightagainstclimatechangeC．climatechangewillconsiderablywidenthegapbetweenrichandpoorD．theydon’tknowhowtoreducetheeffectsofgreenhousegasemissionsADOPTADOLPHINNOWAndyouwillreceive:●WDCadoptionpack●Acertificateofadoption●Freemagazinesubscription●DolphinupdatesthroughouttheyearShe’sbeautiful.She’sintelligent.Don’tletherdie.Everytwominutesanotherdolphinsuffersaslow,painfuldeath,accidentallytrappedinfishingnets.Helpendthesuffering.Morethan300000dolphinsdieinfishingnetseveryyear.YoucanhelpsavedolphinsaroundtheworldbyadoptingaUKdolphinforjust£4amonth.Adoptnow.WDC,WhaleandDolphinConservation,istheleadingglobalcharitydedicatedtotheconservationandprotectionofwhalesanddolphins.Wedefendtheseremarkablecreaturesagainstthemanythreatsthattheyfacethroughcampaigns,lobbying,advisinggovernments,conservationprojects,fieldresearchandrescue.Ourvisionisaworldwhereeverywhaleanddolphinissafeandfree-includingthedolphinyouadopt.MeetthedolphinsThedolphinseachhavetheirownpersonalities-onthedolphinyouwouldliketoadopt.ThedolphinsofScotland’sMorayFirthareamazingbuttheyfacemanythreats.Whenyouadoptadolphinyouwillbuildaspeciallinkwithanindividualandhelpustoprotectthewholepopulationandgivethemasaferfuture.KessletKessletisayoungmumwholikestohuntandplaywithhercalf.Charlie.Kessletiseasytospotbecauseofhercurveddorsalfin.Sheisfriendswithlotsofthelocaldolphinsandcanbeoftenseentravellingingroupsofmumsandyoungsters.MischiefMischiefisaveryfriendlymaledolphinwhoisalwaysinpartymood!HeisoftenseeninbiggroupsleapingaroundwithfriendssuchasSundance.Mischiefisalsoapowerfulhunterwhocanoutruneventhebiggestsalmon.Heiseasilyrecognizedbythebignick(缺口)inhisdorsalfin.SundanceSundancewasfirstspottedin1990whenhewasatinycalfandnowhe’sabigadultmalebottlenosedolphin.Sundanceisreallysociableandhejustlovestoleaparoundwithfriends.Whyadoptadolphin?“IcanthoroughlyrecommendadoptingadolphinwithWDC.It’safantasticwaytosupporttheiramazingwork.Plus,yougettoknowanindividualdolphin!"saysMirandaKrestovinikoff,BBCTVPresenter.Oilandgasexplorationandproduction,largemarina(码头)development,pollution,fisheriesandmoreareincreasinglyputtingpressureonthedolphinsandtheirhome.Byadoptingadolphin,youwillbuildaspeciallinkwithanindividualandhelpustoprotectthewholepopulation.Extinctionisforever—theMorayFirthdolphinscannotbereplaced.Whenyouadoptadolphinyouwillbehelpingtofundourworkprotectingdolphinsaroundtheworldincluding:●Essentialresearch—themoreweunderstandaboutthedolphins,thebetterwecanprotectthem.●Politicalcampaignstoensureeffectivelawsareinplacetoprotectthedolphinsandgivethemasaferfuture.●Equipmentsuchasbinoculars,camerasandacousticrecorderstohelpwithourresearch.AdaptedfromWDC(WhaleandDolphinConservation)60.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedolphinsreferredtoatthebeginningoftheadvertisement?

A．Theyarenotkilledonpurpose.B．Manyhavebeensavedbyadopters.C．DolphinsinUKareatthegreatestrisk.D．Theyarecaughtforcommercialpurposes.61.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A．Adoptionofdolphinsiswelcomedforitslowcost.B．Kessletisaneasytargetofhuntersduetoitscurveddorsalfin.C．Somefieldresearcherscaninfactdisturbdolphins’lives.D．Onceadopted,thedolphin’slatestnewswillbesenttoadopters.62.ThemoneydonatedwillbeusedbyWDCinfollowingwaysexcept________.

A．moreessentialresearchintodolphins.B．buildingaspeciallinkwithindividualdolphins.C．purchasingequipmentneededindolphinresearch.D．fundingpoliticalcampaignstopasslawsprotectingdolphins.63.Whatisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A．TheintroductionofWDC.B．Thereasonwhyadoptionofadolphinisencouraged.C．HowWDCusesthefundtosavedolphins.D．Somesuccessfulexamplesofadopteddolphins.Athemeatthisyear’sWorldEconomicForum(WEF)meetinginSwitzerlandwastheperceivedneedto“speedupbreakthroughsinresearchandtechnology.”Someofthisframingwasmotivatedbytheclimateemergency,somebytheopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbygenerativeartificialintelligence.Yetinvariousconversations,itseemedtobetakenforgrantedthattoaddresstheworld’sproblems,scientificresearchneedstomovefaster.TheWEFmindsetissimilartotheSiliconValleydictate—tomovefastandbreakthings.Butwhatifthethingbeingbrokenisscience?Orpublictrust?TheWEFmeetingtookplacejusttwoweeksafterHarvardUniversityPresidentClaudineGaysteppeddownaftercomplaintsweremadeaboutherpoliticalsciencescholarship.Inresponse,Gayrequestedcorrectionstoseveralofherpapers.Althoughitmaybeimpossibletodeterminejusthowwidespreadsuchproblemsreallyare,it’shardtoimaginethatthesceneofhigh-profilescholarscorrectingandretractingpapershasnothadanegativeimpactonpublictrustinscienceandperhapsinexpertsbroadly.Inrecentyearswe’veseenimportantpapers,writtenbyoutstandingscientistsandpublishedincelebratedjournals,retractedbecauseofquestionabledataormethods,henceaquestion:ArescholarsatsupercompetitiveplacessuchasHarvardandStanfordrushingtopublishratherthantakingthetimetodotheirworkright?It’simpossibletoanswerthisquestionscientificallybecausethere’snoscientificdefinitionofwhatconstitutes“rushing.”Butthere’slittledoubtthatweliveinaculturewhereacademicsatleadinguniversitiesareundertremendouspressuretoproduceresults—andalotofthem—quickly.TheproblemisnotuniquetotheU.S.InEurope,formalresearchassessments—whichareusedtoallocate(分配)futurefunding—haveforyearsjudgedacademicdepartmentslargelyonthequantityoftheiroutput.Arecentreformurginganemphasisonqualityoverquantityallowedthattheexistingsystemhadcreated“counterincentives.”Goodsciencetakestime.Morethan50yearselapsedbetweenthe1543publicationofCopernicus’sOntheRevolutionsoftheHeavenlySpheres.AndittookjustabouthalfacenturyforgeologistsandgeophysiciststoacceptgeophysicistAlfredWegener’sideaofcontinentaldrift.There’splentyofcircumstantialevidencethatscientistsandotherscholarsarepushingresultsoutfarfasterthantheyusedto.Considerthesheervolumeofacademicpapersbeingpublishedthesedays.Onerecentstudyputthenumberatmorethansevenmillionayear,comparedwithfewerthanamillionasrecentlyas1980.Someofthisgrowthisdrivenbymorescientistsandmoreco-authorshipofpapers,butthenumbersalsosuggestthattheresearchworldhasprioritizedquantityoverquality.Researchersmayneedtoslowdownifwearetoproduceknowledgeworthyoftrust.64.WEFmeetinginSwitzerlandadvocatedthat________.

A．researchersneedtoachievebreakthroughsmorerapidlyB．publictrustinscienceisnotsupposedtobeeasilybrokenC．WEFandSiliconValleyreachanagreementtomovefastD．climateemergencyandAIpushscientificresearchhard65.Whichofthefollowingexamplesfailstoprovethatgoodsciencetakestime?

A．Gay’scorrectionandretractionofpapers.B．PublicationofCopernicus’stheory.C．High-profilescholars’tremendousoutput.D．Acceptanceoftheideaofcontinentaldrift.66.Theunderlinedword“counterincentives”inpara.5probablymeans________.

A．measurestoincreasequantitiesofoutputB．discouragementsofhighqualitypapersC．rewardsforleadinguniversities’researchD．contradictorymotivesforfuturefunding67.Whichofthefollowingisbesttitleofthepassage?

A．WEFCoincideswithSiliconValleyB．CollapseofPublicTrustC．DilemmabetweenQuantityandQualityD．TroubleintheFastLaneI’maconsumerpsychologistwhohasstudiedsocialdecision-makingforoveradecade.Acommonyetpuzzlingaspectofsociallifeishowpeoplerespondtoinvitations,particularlywhentheyreplywithavague“maybe”.Recently,myco-authorsandIpublishedaseriesofstudiesthatdirectlyexaminewhatgoesoninpeople’sheadswhentheyareunsurewhethertoacceptaninvitation.Socialinvitationscanbeadelicatedance,andpeopleoftenmisreadwhatsomeoneextendinganinvitewantstohear.Weconsistentlyfoundthatpeopleoverestimateaninviter’slikelihoodofpreferringa“maybe”overa“no”.Moreover,theyfailtorealizehowmuchmoredisrespectedpeoplefeelwhentheyreceivea“maybe”inresponsetotheirinvitation.Anotherpatternemerged:Themoresomeoneincorrectlyassumedthatahostpreferredatentativeresponse,themorelikelytheyweretorespondwitha“maybe”themselves.Naturally,wewantedtofigureoutwhythisawkwarddynamicplaysout.Wefoundthatit’slargelyduetosomethingcalled“motivatedreasoning”.Motivatedreasoningoccurswhenapersoninterpretsinformationinabiasedwaytoarriveataconclusionthatisinlinewiththeirownwishes.Saying“no”rightimmediatelyeliminatesone’soptionsandopensthedoorforFOMO,orfearofmissingout,toemerge.Thatsaid,therewerecertainsituationsthatmadepeoplemorecomfortablesaying“no”toaninvite.Inonestudy,wehadrecipientsofaninvitationputthemselvesintheshoesofthepersonextendingtheinvite.Thismadethemmorelikelytorealizethatthey’dprobablypreferadefinitiveanswer.Thatis,itseemedtopreventmotivatedreasoningfromemerging.Inanotherstudy,wehadparticipantsgetinvitedtodosomethingtheydidn’twanttodo.Wefoundthatmotivatedreasoningthenbecameirrelevant:Theyhadnodesiretokeeptheiroptionsopen,sotheyweremorelikelytoassumethata“no”waspreferabletoa“maybe”.Furthermore,otherresearchhasexploredthesubtleartofthedecline,testingwhichreasonssoftenthebitternessofarejectedinvitation.Thefindingsareclear:sayingyou’retoobusycomesacrossasahalf-heartedexcuse;sayingyouhaveapriorcommitmentlandswithslightlymoreweight;butsayingyousimplydon’thavethefinancialmeanstomakeitworkisreceivedwiththegreatestunderstanding.Beyondthechoiceofwords,however,liesamorefundamentalprincipleofcommunication.Itmightreduceyouroptions.Butit’llkeepthosewhoinvitedyoufrombeingleftinuncertainty.68.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewiththe“delicatedance”metaphorinparagraph2?

A．Toarguethatinvitersoftenhaveself-servingmotivationswhenextendingoffers.B．Tostresshoweasilypeoplecanmisreadothers’intentionsinsocialexchanges.C．Tosuggestatentative“maybe”isthemostpoliteresponseinthesesituations.D．Toprovethefalseassumptionmadebyinviteeswhofeartheconsequencesofrefusal.69.Basedonthereasonsforthe“maybe”response,whatcanweconclude?

A．Evenwhenpeopledisliketheactivity,FOMOmakesthemhesitateoverit.B．ReceivinganunattractiveinvitationisthemosteffectivewaytoeliminateFOMO.C．Takingtheinviter’sperspectivehelpstoovercomethebiasandgiveadirectanswer.D．Peoplesay“maybe”toavoidthedutyofmakinganimmediatedecisionfortheinviter.70.Basedonthefindings,whatfundamentalprincipleofcommunicationdoestheauthoradvocate?

A．Prioritizestraightforwardandclearcommunication.B．Ensurerefusalsarecrediblewithwell-justifiedreasons.C．Favoracceptinginvitationswhenfacinguncertainty.D．Maintainflexibilityinone’sschedulewhendeclining.71.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A．NewPrinciplesintoFramingInvitationsB．HowtopolitelyRefuseanInvitationC．Why“Maybe”Hurtsand“No”HelpsD．PsychologyBehindSuccessfulInvitationsFootballanddataAnumbersgameAtmostfootballclubs,theequationissimple:youputinvastamountsofmoney,andyougetoutstarplayersandwinvictories.TakeManchesterCity,thePremierLeague’sreigningchampions.Beforeitstakeoverin2008byaMiddleEastplutocrats(财阀),thecluboftenstruggledinthebottomhalfofthetable;ithaswonEnglishfootball’schampi