2023年考研外语押题预测卷10

考研外语押题预测卷10

一、UseofEnglish

1>Advertisingisaform,ofselling.Forthousandsofyears

therehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)others

tobuythefoodtheyhaveproducedorthegoodstheyhavemade

ortheservicestheycan(2)―.

Butinthe19thcenturythemassproductionofgoods(3)

theIndustrialRevolutionmadeperson-to-personselling

inefficient.Themassdistributionofgoodsthat(4)the

developmentofthehighwaymadeperson-to-personselling

(5)slowandexpensive.Atthesametime,mass

communication,firstnewspapersandmagazines,(6)radio

andtelevision,mademasssellingthrough(7)possible.

Theobjectiveofanyadvertisementistoconvincepeoplethat

itisintheirbest(8)totaketheactiontheadvertiser

isrecommending.Theaction(9)betopurchaseaproduct,

useaservice,voteforapoliticalcandidate,or(10)to

jointheArmy.

Advertisingasa(11)developedfirstandmostrapidlyin

theUnitedStates,thecountrythatusesittothegreatest

(12)___.In1980advertisingexpenditureintheU.S.exceeded

55billiondollars,or(13)2percentofthegrossnational

product.Canadaspentabout1.@2percentofitsgrossnaticnal

product(14)advertising.

(15)advertisingbringstheeconomiesofmasssellingto

themanufacturer,it(16)benefitsfortheconsumer

(17).Someofthoseeconomiesarepassedalongtothe

purchasersothatthecostofaproductsoldprimarilythrough

advertisingisusuallyfar(18)thanonesoldthrough

personalsalespeople.Advertising(19)peopleimmediate

newsaboutproductsthathavejustcomeonthemarket.Finally,

advertising(20；fortheprogramsoncommercial

televisionandradioandforabouttwothirdsofthecostof

publishingmagazinesandnewspapers.

A.request

B.oblige

C.affect

D.persuade

2、⑵

A.transfer

B.secure

C.enjoy

D.perform

3、(3)

A.resultingfrom

B.dealingwith

C.leadingto

D.goingfor

4、⑷

A.followed

B.preceded

C.achieved

D.induced

5、⑸

A.so

B.too

C.very

D.more

6、(6)

A.second

B.and

C.then

D.later

7、⑺

A.marketing

B.advertising

C.salespeople

D.agents

8、(8)

A.profits

B.benefits

C.interests

D.gains

9、(9)

A.should

B.would

C.may

D.will

10、(10)

A.though

B.otherwise

C.still

D.even

H>(H)

A.business

B.service

C.product

D.profession

12、(12)

A.amount

B.extent

C.possibility

D.utility

13、(13)

A.similarly

B.supposedly

C.approximately

D.accountably

14、(14)

A.with

B.at

C.into

D.on

15、(15)

A.While

B.Therefore

C.But

D.If

16、(16)

A.induces

B.reduces

C.produces

D.introduces

17、(17)

A.aswell

B.asusual

C.asaresult

D.asarule

18、(18)

A.more

B.less

C.cheaper

D.dearer

19、(19)

A.takes

B.brings

C.gives

D.delivers

20、(20)

A.works

6

B.calls

C.looks

D.pays

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thepeoplewhoanswerthephonegetanendlessstreamofcalls

frompeoplewhoareextremelyupsetthattheirelectricitygot

turnedoffjustbecausetheyfailedtopaytheirbillfor297

months,orpeopleaskingquestionslike"IsitOKtooperate

anelectricappliancewhiletakingabath?”

Solet，ssaythatyouhaveagenuineproblemwithyourelectric

bill.Thepeoplein"CustomerService'7havenowayofknowing

thatyou'reanintelligent,rationalperson.They'regoingto

lumpyouinwiththeusualnot-so-brightpublic.Asfaras

they'reconcerned,therelevantfacts,inanydisputebetween

youandthem,arethese:

1.Theyhaveabunchofelectricity.

2.Youneedit.

3.Soshutup.

Thisiswhy,moreandmore,thepeoplein"CustomerService”

won，teventalktoyou.Theyprefertoletyoutalktothe

convenientAutomaticPhoneAnsweringSystemuntilsuchatime

asyoudieofoldage〃...IfyourFIRSTnamehasmorethaneight

letters,andyourLASTnamebeginswith'H'through'L'press

251NOW.IfyourfirstnamehasLESSthaneightletters,and

yourlastnamecontainsatleasttwo'E's,press252NOW.If

your...，z

Soisthereanywaythatyou,thelowlyconsumer,cangainthe

seriousattentionofalargeandpowerfulbusiness?Iampleased

toreportthatthereISaway,whichIfoundoutaboutthanks

toanalertreaderwhosentmeanewsreportfromRussia.

Accordingtothisreport,aRussianelectriccompanygotinto

adisputewithacustomerandcutoffthecustomer，selectricity.

Thiscustomer,however,happenedtobeaunitoftheRussian

Army.Sothecommanderorderedatanktodriveovertothe

electriccompany，sofficeandaimitsgunatthewindows.The

electricitywasturnedrightbackon.

Onbehalfofconsumerseverywhere,Iwanttokissthismilitary

commanderonthe1ips.Tmean,whataGREATconcept.Imagine,

asaconsumer,howmuchmoreseriouslyyourcomplaintwouldhe

takenifyouwerecomplainingfrominsideavehiclecapableof

reducingtheentire"CustomerService〃departmenttotiny

smokingpieces.WhatIamsayingis:ForgettheAutomatedPhone

AnsweringSystem.Getatank.

Perhapsyouarethinking:"Butatankcostsseveralmillion

dollars,notincludingfloormats.Idon，thavethatkindof

money.〃

Don，tbesilly.You'reaconsumer,right?Youhavecreditcards,

right?

Perhapsyouarethinking:〃Yes,buthowamIgoingtopaythe

credit-cardcompany?”

Don，tbesilly.Youhaveatank,right?

Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthat.

A.thepeoplewhoanswerthephonearereallyverybusy

B.somepeopledon，tknowhowtoturnoffelectricity

C.somepeopledon'tknowhowtooperateanelectricappliance

D.somepeopleareignorantoftheirridiculousbehcivior

2、

Accordingtothepassage,thepeoplein"CustomerService"are

very.

A.ignorant

B.polite

C.arbitrary

D.foolish

3、

IfMr.HuntingtonSweetwantstoinquireaboutsomethingfrom

/zCustomerService”,heshouldpress.

A.251

B.252

C.either

D.both

4、

HowdidthecustomersettlethedisputewithRussianelectric

company?

A.Bypeacefulnegotiation.

B.Byusingatank.

C.Byresortingtoforces.

D.ByappealingtotheRussianArmy.

5、

Thetoneofthispassagemaybeconsideredas.

A.humorous

B.serious

C.fantastic

D.ridiculous

6、WhenIwas13mymotherdied.ThroughmyownsorrowIwas

awareofthegreatlossthiswastoPop.Buthemadeonlyone

referencetohisownmisery.Hesaid,〃Tobehappyeveryday

istobenothappyatall.〃Hewassayingtohissonsthat

happinessisnotastateyouachieveandkeep,butsomething

thatmustbewonoverandover,nomatterwhatthedefeatsand

losses.

LaterthatyearIgotajobasanentertainerinsmallclubs,

andsuddenlyIknewthiswasthecareerIhadbeensearching

for.Theworldofthetheaterwasfarremovedfromthewcrld

ofmyfather,yetIfoundmyselfreturningtohimtimeandagain,

forthesamereasonhisfriendsdid.

WhenTwas20Igotwhateveryactordreamsof一apermanentjob!

Atthattime,atthedepthofthedepression,actorswereout

ofworkbythehundreds,yet1wantedtoquitthatjobbecause

Ineedednewexperiencesandchallenges.

Popheardmeout,thensaid,“Therearesomepeoplewhoalways

havetotestthemselves,tostretchtheirwingsandtrynew

winds.Ifyouthinkyoucanfindmorehappinessandusefulness

thisway,thenyoushoulddoit.〃Thisadvicecamefromaman

whoneverleftasecurejobinhislife,whohadtheEuropean

traditionoffamilyresponsibility,butwhoknewIwas

different.HeunderstoodwhatIneededtodoandhehelpedme

doit.

ForthenextfewyearsIworkedinclubs,andthenIgotmybig

break,appearinginamajormovie.AfterthatIwentto

Hollywood,andfromthenonPoplivedwithmeandmyfamilythere.

Wehadabigpartyoneevening.ThatnightIthoughtPopmight

enjoyhearingsomeoftheoldfolksongsweusedtosingathome.

WhenIbegantosing,themusicandthememoriesweretoomuch

forhimtoresist,andhecameovertojoinme.Ifadedaway,

andhewasinthemiddleoftheroomsingingalone—inaclear,

truevoice.Hesangfor15minutesbeforesomeoftheworld，s

highest-paidstars.Thissimple,kindlyoldmansingingofour

Europeanrootshadtouchedsomethingdeepinthese

sophisticatedpeople.Whenhefinishedtherewasoverwhelir.ing

applause.

Iknewtheapplausethatnightwasnotjustforaperformance;

itwasforaman.

Bysaying〃tobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatall”,

Popmeans.

A.oneshouldnotbehappyeveryday

B.itisimpossibleforonetobehappyeveryday

C.peopleshouldnotpursuehappylifealone

D.peopleshouldhavearealisticaltitudetowardlife

7、

Judgingfromthecontext,theauthor，scareerismostprobably

A.anentertainer

B.anactor

C.asinger

D.awriter

8、

HowdidPopreacttotheauthor，squittinghisjob?

A.Comforthim.

B.Helphim.

C.Encouragehim.

D.Lethimalone.

9、

Thebigpartyoneeveningwasarrangedfor.

A.theauthortosing

B.theauthor，sbigbreakinamajormovie

C.Pop，ssingingperformance

D.someHollywoodfilmstars

10、

Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisto

A.narratehiscareer

B.illustratehispersonalsuccess

C.praisehisbelovedfather

D.describethecharacterofPop

11、Tounderstandtheroughly100,000genesinthehuman

genome,researcherssaytheymustinvestigateanevenmore

complicatedsetofmolecules-proteins.Genesarethe

blueprintsformakingproteins,andthe"sequence"ofa

gene-itsstructuralpcittern-determinesthekindofprotein

itmakes.Someproteinsbecomebuildingblocksforstructural

partsofthecell.Otherproteinsbecomemolecular"machines”

enzymes,hormones,antibodiesthatcarryoutthemyriad

activitiesnecessarytokeepthecellandthebodyworking

properly.

Withanunderstandingofhumanproteins(ortheproteome),

scientistswillbeabletofightdiseaseonmanyfronts.For

example,scientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysisin

Odense,Denmark,haveisolatedaprotein,galectin,thatmay

fightdiabetes.Diabetesseemstobecausedwhen

insu1in-producingcellsinthepancreasareinadvertently

killedbythebody'simmunesystem.

TheDanishscientistsspentyearsanalyzingtheproteins

presentindiabetes-proneanddiabetes-resistantcells,and

theytentativelyconcludedthatgalectinprotects

diabetes-pronecellsfrombeingattackedbytheimmunesystem.

Preliminaryanimaltests,inwhichthegalectingenehasbeen

insertedintodiabetes-pronecells,seemtoconfirmthe

hypothesis.

Effectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarisefromadeeper

understandingofgenesandproteins,saysKenCarter,president

ofTherapeuticGenomics,oneofthemanybiotechcompanies

workingtodevisenewdrugsbasedongeneticknowledge.Scon,

scientistswillbeabletoquicklyandaccuratelycompare

cancertissuewithnormaltissuetoseewhichgenesare

“switchedon〃andmakingproteinsandwhichgenesarenot,he

says.

“Ifyoufoundagenethatwashighlyexpressedinprostate

cancercellsbutnotothertissues,youcoulddeducethatgene

wasinvolvedinprostatecancer,，zaccordingtoCarter.〃We

wouldtrytodevelopinthelabawaytoblocktheexpression

ofthatgene.〃Onepossibilitywouldbeaz，smallmolecule"drug

thatwouldattachtoandinactivatethatgene*sprotein.

Finally,drugsthemselveswil11ikelybecomesaferandn.ore

effectivebecausetheywillbetailoredtoanindividuaTs

geneticabilitytoprocessmedicines,predictsRobert

Waterston,directoroftheHumanGenomeProjectsequencing

centeratWashingtonUniversityinSL.Louis.

Inthefuture,abloodtestcouldshowhowmuchofaparticular

drug-processingenzymeapersonhas,Waterstonexplains.The

doctorwouldthenadjustthedoseaccordinglyorprescribea

drugcustomdesignedforthatperson，sgeneticmakeup.Thisnew

field,calledpharmacogenomics,shouldeliminatemanyofthe

drugsideeffectsthatresultfromourcurrent,crudermethods

ofdeterminingdosage.

Accordingtothetext,thefunctionofgenesis.

A.toplanformakingproteins

B.todeterminethekindofproteinitmakes

C.likethatofbuildingblocks

D.tocarryoutthemyriadactivities

12、

TheresearchofscientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysis

inOdense,Denmarkishelpfulto.

A.isolateaprotein,galectin

B.curediabetes

C.thebody'simmunesystem

D.protectdiabetes-pronecells

13、

AccordingtoKenCarter,effectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarise

bymeansof.

A.adeeperunderstandingofgenesandproteins

B.devisingnewdrugsbasedongenericknowledge

C.comparingcancertissuewithnormaltissue

D.switchingonsomegenes

14、

WhatwouldKenCarterandhiscolleaguesdo?

A.Findingagenethatwashighlyexpressedinprostatecancer

cells.

B.Deducingthegenewhichisinvolvedinprostatecancer.

C.Findingawaytostoptheexpressionofcarcinogenicgenes.

D.Developingasmallmolecule"drug.

15、

Judgingfromitsformation,theword〃pharmacogenomics〃

probablyrefersto___.

A.thescienceofdrugsincludingtheirorigin,composition,

pharmacokinetics,etc.

B.thepropertiesandreactionsofdrugsespeciallywith

relationtotheirtherapeuticvalue

C.abranchofpharmacologydealingwiththereactionsbetween

drugsandlivingsystems

D.abranchofscienceofdrugsespeciallydealingwith

carcinogenicgenes

16^Asimplepairofpantsmaycontainamultitudeofmeanings.

Inthe1850s,jeansweretheunemotional,durabledressofthose

thatcametoCaliforniatolaborinthegoldfields.Seamswere

strengthenedwithmetalpinstomakethemhold,atechnology

borrowedfromtheconstructionofhorseblankets.Clothfor

beastsofburdenwastranslatedtotheneedsofmenofburden.

Theseweretheclothesofhard-laboringpeople,andthesepants

heldlittlepromiseforthemenwhoworethem,savethepromise

thattheywouldbereadyforthenexrday'slabors.

Duringthesamedecade,inthecourtofoneEuropeanqueen,“the

gownwornbyafashionableladyinattendancecontained1,100

yardsofmaterialnotincludinglaceandotherornaments.〃

Americanwomenofwealthwerealsowrappedinanabundanceof

cloth.Whilemakersofjeansworriedoverhowmanymencculd

befittedintoagivenamountofcloth,forwomenofwealththe

concernwaswithhowmanyyardsofclothcouldbeattractively

arrangeduponagivenindividual.Thiswasthemarkof

prosperity:towearenoughmaterialonone，sbacktoclothemany

ofmoremodestmeans.

Thefashionablerichcouldnotimaginethemselveswearingthe

vulgarcanvaspantsofworkersand〃peasants”.Neithercculd

working-classpeoplereasonablyimaginethemselvesinthe

costumesofwealthandpower.Tileonlyfashionlinkbetween

them一subtleatbest一wasthesterntophatofwealthy

capitalists,acoal-blackcylindersymbolizingthefactory

chimneypipesthatbroughtprofittoone,hardshiptotheother.

Bluejeansonlysignifiedlaborandsweat.

Yearslater,theclothingofnineteenth-centurylaborerswould

assumenewanddifferentmeanings.Humblebeginningsbecame

increasinglyobscurewithintheunfoldingofpopularculture.

Inthemovies,thehorseridersoftheearlycattleindustry

wererebornassymbolsofanoble,ruralsimplicity,andblue

jeansbecameconspicuouswithinthelandscapeoftheAmerican

media.Onthescreenthesepantsteasedtheimaginationsofcity

folk,wholongedforasimplerandlesscorruptlife.While

laborerswouldcontinuetowearthematwork,nowthewell-off

mightputonapairathomeorinthegarden—anescapefrom

thedisciplineofthebusinessworld.

Inthe1950s,bluejeansbecameastatementbythosewhowished

toboycottthevaluesofaconsumer-basedsocietythatwas

concernedonlywithacquisition.Blue-jeans-wearingrebelsof

popularmovieswereanexpressionofcontempttowardstheempty

andobedientsilenceofCold-WarAmerica;thepositiveimages

ofAmericanconsumersocietywereundersiege.Whathadbeen

apieceoftraditionalAmericanculture一bluejeans一becamea

rejectionoftraditionalculture.

In"Savethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday's

tabors”(Para.1),theword"save"means.

A.rescue

B.preserve

C.putaside

D.except

17、

WhichofthefollowingmaybeTRUEforawomanJsfashionin

the1850s?

A.Agowncontained1,100yardsofmaterial.

B.Awomanwrappedinanabundanceofcloth,

C.Thelongerthecloth,therichershewas.

D.Theattractivethecloth,thewealthiershewas.

18、

Thefashionablerichwouldnotwearbluejeansbecause.

A.theyhadnoromanticimagination

B.theydidnotbothertolaborandsweat

C.theywouldnotrisklosingtheiridentity

D.theyhadthesterntophat

19、

Accordingtothepassage,thebluejeans'popularitywas

causedby.

A.nineteenth-centurylaborers

B.Americanfilmandmedia

C.theunfoldingofpopularculture

D.theimaginationsofcityfolk

20、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.

A.TheOriginoftheBlueJeans

B.Jeans:AFashionRevolution

C.Jeans:fromLowBeginningstoHighPopularity

D.TheEvolutionofaTraditionalCostume

21>PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Recentarchaeologicalresearchhasfocusedonaphenomenon

barelynoticedbefore:extensivepatchesofrichblacksoil

foundalongthebanksandonterracesaboveallmajorrivers

intheAmazon.Somecoveranareaofmanyacresandareupto

6feetdeep.Theyarethoughttohaveformedovermanycenturies

astheaccumulatedproductoforganicremainsleftbynative

settlements.Thesesoilsareusuallyfilledwithfragmentsof

bustedceramicsandarenowbeingstudiedforcluestotherise

oftropicalforestcivilizationsintheAmazonBasin.Lccal

farmersregardtheblacksoilsasaz/giztfromthepast"because

theyarenaturallyfertileandhavetheabilitytosupporta

widerangeofcrops.

B.Secondly,thereisatrulyimpressivediversityoflanguages,

withseveralhundreddistincttonguesanddialects.Thisverbal

diversitymusthaveevolvedoverthousandsofyearsandimplies

anoccupationoftheAmazonbasinforatleast14,000years,

afiguresupportedbyarchaeologicalevidence.Therockartin

theAmazonBasinmaybeasoldashumanoccupationitself.

Imagesarecarvedandpaintedonexposedrocknearrapidsand

waterfallswherefishingismostproductive,andincavesand

rocksheltersclosetoarchaeologicalsites.

C.Twofactorshavebeeninstrumentalinliftingtheveilof

misunderstanding.Firstisasurprisinglydiverserangeof

ceramicstyles.Recentresearchseemstoconfirmthata

creativeexplosionofstylesoccurrecabout2,000yearsago.

ArchaeologicaldigsinthehighestreachesoftheUpperAmazon

havedemonstratedtheexistenceofawidespreadstyle,of

paintinglargewatertightjarsinboldblack,redandcream

designs.Thissamestyle,hasbeenfoundonanisleatthemcuth

oftheAmazon,andappearstohaveitsoriginswheretheAmazon

meetstheocean,laterspreadingacrossmuchoftheUpperAmazon.

Thestyle,transcendslocalandregionalculturesandpoints

toconsiderableintercoursebetweensocietiesalongthevast

rivernetwork.

D.ThenativepeoplesoftheAmazoncannolongerbeseenas

isolatedcommunitiesinthedepthsoftheforestordispersed

alongrivers.Westillhavemuchtolearnabouttheirsocieties,

buttherainforestshouldnolongerbeseenasanuntouched

“paradise”.

E.Amongthemostexcitingdiscoveriesarefuneraljarsdating

toA.D.1400-1700foundincavesandrocksheltersnearthe

mouthoftheAmazon.Thebonesofmen,womenandchildrenwere

preservedinindividuallydedicatedvessels.Itseemsthatthe

siteswerevisitedregularlyovertheyearsandnewjarsadded

asfamilymembersexpired.Theseburialsreflectthefair.ily

tiesofancientsettlementsandtheirnurturingoflinks

betweenthelivingandthedead.

F.Populationcollapseandmovementalongtheprincipalrivers

oftheAmazonsystemhavecontributedtoaveilof

misunderstandingthathaslongcoveredthecultural

achievementsoftropicalforestsocieties.Diffusebands

huntingdeepintheforestinterioreventuallycametobeseen

asthetypicaltropicalforestadaptation.Somuchsothatwhen

archaeologicalstudiesbeganinearnestatthemouthofthe

Amazoninthe1950s,scientistsarguedthatthesophisticated

culturetheywerediscoveringcouldnothaveoriginatedinthe

AmazonBasinitself,butmusthavebeenderivedfromir.ore

advancedcultureselsewhere.Theyimaginedthetropicalforest

tobean"imitationparadisez，unabletosupportmuchbeyonda

simplehunting-and-gatheringwayoflife.Thismistakenidea

hasexertedapersistentinfluenceeversince.

G.ThefutureoftheAmazonBasinisnowasubjectoffierce

debate.Knowledgeaboutthepasthasavitalroletoplayin

planninganddecisionmakingfor

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatethe