2025~2026学年北京市顺义区高三上学期期末英语试卷

2025~2026学年北京市顺义区高三上学期期末英语试卷一、完形填空Iwaslabeledthe“bad”boyofaremotevillageinIndia,wheretheairalwayssmelledofripecashews(腰果).I_________schoolandhungaroundwithother“bad”boys.NoonethoughtIwoulddoanythingworthwhilewithmylife.Butmymothervisualiseda_________future.Shekneweducationwasmy_________.Everymorning,whenIrefusedtogotoschool,she_________meuntilIdressedandputonshoes,followedmerightuptothedooroftheclassroomandwatchedmeenter._________,herconstanteffortspaidoff.By12thgrade,IhadtakenagoodlookatmyselfandrealisedthelifeIwascreating—norespect,nofuture.Theserealisationsforcedmeto_________thatmymotherwasright—educationwasmyonlywayout.Sincethen,Ibecameanearlybirdandstayedlateatschool.Istruggledtopassexamsandmygrades_________.Finally,auniversityadmissionletterarrived.Fromthereonwards,things_________.Universitywasanoceanofnewthoughts,whereeveryonehadclearlifegoals.Beinginthat_________pushedmetothinkbigger,andIdecidedtopursueaPhD.Havingseenthehardshipsofcashewfarmersinmyvillage,Ichosethecashewnutasmyresearchsubjecttoimprovetheirlivesbyfindingbettersolutionsforproduction.Nowmyresearchreceivesglobalrecognition.Theformer“badboy”finallygrewintoasuccessthroughthepowerof_________.1.A．startedB．missedC．skippedD．finished2.A．differentB．familiarC．difficultD．distant3.A．burdenB．faithC．escapeD．desire4.A．ignoredB．hurriedC．comfortedD．praised5.A．InitiallyB．ParticularlyC．SurprisinglyD．Fortunately6.A．admitB．imagineC．predictD．claim7.A．cameoutB．bouncedbackC．inchedupD．leveledoff8.A．fadedB．continuedC．foldedD．changed9.A．processB．atmosphereC．systemD．location10.A．habitB．confidenceC．passionD．knowledge二、语法填空阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Weallknowweshouldexercisemore,butthebiggestbarrierformanyisfeelinglikewejustdon’thaveanhour11(spare).Ifyou’veeverfeltguiltyaboutinactivityorstruggledwithtime12(manage),“Snacktivity”maybetheanswer.It13(involve)“exercisesnacks”—brief,intentionalbursts(爆发)ofmovementlastingfiveminutesorless,likestair-climbing,whichcaneasilyfindaplaceineventhebusiestday.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Overthelasthalfcentury,sharkandray(鳐)populations14(drop)71percent,largelyduetoincreasedfishingpressure.Thisisn’tjustbadnewsforsharks—itthreatensthebalanceofentireoceanecosystems.Bytargetingweakfish,sharkshelpkeepschoolsstrongand,inturn,supportoceanhealth.Sharksalsohelpkeepmorecarbon15(store)deepwithintheocean,whichhumanactivitiesarereleasing16theatmosphere,fuelingclimatechange.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Myunderstandingoffriendshipwastransformedin2024,17ImetSam.WewerebothnewtoMiddleSchool,eachcarryingthevarious18(anxiety)offacinganewenvironment.Ourinitialencounterwasasordinaryasanycouldbe,butitwasinthatsimplicitythattheseedsofourfriendship19(sow).Asdaysturnedtoweeks,wesharedourdreamsandlaughedoversillyjokes,20(find)comfortineachother’scompany.三、阅读理解ThePolyUSummerInstituteisyourgatewaytoexploreanimmersive(沉浸式的)universityexperienceatPolyU.YouwillengageinaseriesoffunactivitiesledbyPolyUstudentleadersandexplorethedynamiccampuslife.BybeingpartoftheSummerInstitute,studentswill:●Engageinday-longattachmentprogrammesofferedbyPolyUschoolsattheirchoice●Experienceourresidentialhalllife●ExperiencePolyU’sinteractiveteachingandlearningthroughvariouscredit-bearingandnon-credit-bearingcourses●Gainfirst-handinsightsformakinginformedchoicesforfuturestudiesTheSummerInstituteisdesignedforSecondary4andSecondary5students,scheduledforlateJuly2026duringyoursummerholiday.In2026,thereareseveralengagingmodesofparticipation:i)A5-day4-nightresidentialcamp;and/orii)Avarietyofone-weekcredit-bearingandnon-credit-bearingcoursesDetailswillbeannouncedinduecourse.Pleasestaytunedforourupdates!Ifyouareinterestedinjoininginouractivities,pleaseprovideyourinformationtousthroughthelinkhere.SharingfromaParticipant

“ThePolyUresidentialcampwasanamazingopportunitytoexperienceuniversitylifeinpersonandgaininsightsintoourchosenindustry.Thoughitlastedonlyafewdays,itwasmorethanjustacamp—itwasaboutbondingwithpassionatestudentsfromaroundtheworld,becomingindependent,andtakingresponsibilityforourfutures.Specialthankstomygroupleadersandteammatesformakingthissummerremarkable!”JessicaMa,SIParticipant202521.IntheSummerInstitute,studentswill_________.

A．designattachmentprogrammesB．arrangecampusaccommodationC．getpracticaltipsforfuturecareersD．attendinteractiveuniversitycourses22.TojointheSummerInstitute,oneisrequiredto_________.

A．submitpersonalinformationonlineB．signupfortheresidentialcampC．graduatefromsecondaryschoolD．earncreditsfromthecourses23.WhatdoesJessicaMamainlyshareasaparticipant?

A．Herstoryinthecamp.B．Hergainsfromthecamp.C．Herreasonsforjoiningthecamp.D．Hergratitudetothecampleaders.Iwasatworkwhenithappened.Outoftheblue,bam!Dizzinessstruck,extremeandsudden.Mystomachwasupset,andthen,myrighteyewentdark.Panicrosethroughme.“AmIdying?”Itwasliketheveryfoundationofmylifecracked(破裂)beneathme.Laidupinthathospitalbed,Iwasdepressed,mymindcrowdedwithworries.Whataboutmyfamily?Iwastheirbreadwinner;theyneededme.Andsuddenly,Iwastheoneneedingsupport.Icamehomeinawheelchair.Itwaslikewakingupinahouseafterastorm,everythingfamiliaryetbrokeninsomeway.Iwasleftnotbeingabletowalk,withconstantdizzinessandproblemswithmyhands.Thankfullymyfamilywasmyrock,readytorebuildwithme.Withphysicaltherapy(治疗)andsupportfrommywifeandkids,Iworkedonrelearningtowalkandusingmyhandsagain.Mysonwouldplayfullymovemywalker,challengingmetowalkfurther.Mywifewasmybalance,literallyandfiguratively.ItwasinleaningonthemthatIfirstrealizedrecoverywasn’tsomethingIcouldcarryalone.Ihadtocomeupwithawaytoprovideformyfamily.IwantedtobesuretheyhadahomeifIwasn’there.Nottohavetoworryaboutrent.Onenight,Isharedathoughtwithmywife,“Whataboutbuyinganoldhouse?Ourownplace,asafetynetforyouandthekids.”Shehesitated,worryinhereyes,butshebelievedinthedream.Thatrun-downhouseweboughtfor$8,000—Itneededatonofwork.AsIlearnedtodealwithmydisabilities,weslowlyreworkedthehouse.Thiswasn’tjustaproject;itwasourpathtorecovery.Threeandahalfyearslater,wehavemovedintoourhome.Wehavealongwaytogoandcontinuetofacemanychallengesastheseasonschange.Still,togetherwe’vemadeitthisfar.Foranyoneouttherefeelingtheirlife’sfoundationsshaking,knowthis:thecrackscanberepaired.Whateverthingsareputinyourway,theyarenotends,justplaceswhereyouhavetochangeyourpath.24.Duringhishospitalstay,whatwastheauthor’smajorconcern?

A．Hisfamily’sfuture.B．Hishealthcondition.C．Hisstandinginthefamily.D．Hisfamily’sattitudetowardshim.25.Whydidtheauthorsuggestbuyinganoldhouse?

A．Tohelphiswifeachieveherdream.B．Tofindawaytocutdownontherent.C．Toprovideasecureshelterforhisfamily.D．Toimprovetheircurrentlivingconditions.26.Howdoestheauthorfeelaftermovingintothehouse?

A．Hopeful.B．Relaxed.C．Aimless.D．Anxious.27.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?

A．Whatgoesupmustcomedown.B．Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.C．Whenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.D．Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.Today’sbestartificialintelligence(AI)modelssailthroughtheTuringtest,afamousthoughtexperimentthataskswhetheracomputercanpassasahumanbyinteractingthroughtext.Someseeanupgradedtestasanecessarystandardforprogresstowardsartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)—anuncleartermusedbymanytechnologyfirmstomeananAIsystemwiththeresourcefulnesstomatchanyhumancognitive(认知的)ability.Butatanacademiceventon2October,severalresearcherssaidthattheTuringtestshouldbeabandonedaltogether,andthatdevelopersshouldinsteadfocusonevaluatingAIsafetyandbuildingspecificcapabilitiesthatcouldbeofbenefittothepublic.“TheideaofAGImightnotbetherightgoal,atleastnotnow,”saidGaryMarcus,aneuroscientist.ThisdoubtisrootedinthefundamentallimitationsofcurrentAI,whichareoftenoptimizedversionsoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs).InMarch,researcherstestedfourchatbotsinaversionoftheTuringtest,andfoundthatthebestmodelspassed.Yetthefactthatchatbotscanimitate(模仿)speechcrediblydoesnotmeanthattheycanunderstand,saidseveralresearchersattheevent.AlthoughLLMresponsescanbesurprisinglyhuman,“whenyougooutsidetheboxofwhatyounormallyaskofthesesystems,theyhavealotoftrouble”,saidMarcus.Asexamples,hecitedtheinabilityofsomemodelstolabelthepartsonanelephantcorrectly,ortodrawclockhandsinanywherebutthetenandtwopositions.Forthisreason,modelscouldstillfailtheTuringtestiftheyarechallengedbyascientistwhoknowstheirweaknesses.ShannonVallor,anAIethicist(伦理学家),arguedthatthefocusonAGIisadistractionthatallowstechfirmstoignorepotentialharmsofthetechnology,suchasde-skillinghumans,producingfalseandnegativeimaginationsanddeepeningexistingprejudicesinthedataLLMslearnfrom.Ratherthanintelligencestandards,modelsshouldcompeteonsafetymeasures,“alongwiththetestofhoweasyitistoabusethetoolandhowlikelythetoolistodosomethingunexpectedandundesirableinareal-worldcontext”,shesaid.WilliamIsaac,whoresearchesAIuseinpublicpolicybroadlyagreed;theTuringtestofthefutureshouldquestionwhetheranAIissafe,reliableandprovidesmeaningfulbenefit.28.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobymentioningAGIinParagraph2?

A．Clarifyaconcept.B．Highlightaproblem.C．Makeaprediction.D．Justifyacomparison.29.WhatcanwelearnaboutLLMsfromthispassage?

A．Theyhavehuman-likeunderstanding.B．TheysucceedinupgradedTuringtests.C．Theyoutperformhumansinresponsiveness.D．Theyneedtobedevelopedforthepublicgood.30.Asfortechfirms’currentpractices,ShannonValloris________.

A．appreciativeB．doubtfulC．cautiousD．critical31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．ThefunctionsofcurrentAI.B．TheproposalofanewAItest.C．AshiftinthefocusofAIresearch.D．AdebateonthetestperformanceofAI.Initially,therailwaysexperiencedaperiodofrapidexpansion,butsincethemid-twentiethcentury,railwaydevelopmentinmostcountrieshashitthebuffers.It’stimetoturnthetables,andacknowledgethevastbenefitsofrailwaysasacornerstoneofasustainabletransportsystemthatcansupporthumandevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency,transportcurrentlyaccountsforaroundone-quarterofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Between1990and2022,thoseemissionsgrewby1.7%ayear—anincreasegreaterthanthatofanypartbesidesindustry—asmorepeopleinmorepartsoftheworldbecamemoremobile.Over90%oftheenergyusedtopowertransportcomesfromfossil(化石的)fuels.Thosefiguresalonejustifyarenewedfocusonrailtransport.Perpassengerkilometre,itproducesone-fifthoftheemissionsofcartransport,andlessthanone-quarterofthoseofflying.Directemissionscanbecuttozeroiftrainsarepoweredbyfullyrenewableelectricity.Railtransportalsocontributeslittleinthewayofairpollutingemissions,whichareahealththreat.Thisisparticularlyimportantinarapidlyurbanizingworld.Betterrail-basedmass-transportoptionscouldhelptoreduceurbanexpansion,aswellasthelandneededforroads,carparksandothercar-relatedsystemsandservices.Less-crowdedcitieswithfewermotorvehiclesaremoreliveableplaceswherepeopletendtowalkandcyclemore,gainingthehealthbenefitsoftheseactivities.Theyarealsomoreinclusive,particularlyforyoungerandolderpeoplewhoarelesslikelytoownavehicle.Asbothurbanizationandaveragepopulationdensity(密度)grow,researchshowsthattherearemoreeconomicbenefitsofinvestmentinrailthanthoseofinvestmentinroads.Butitisnotjustcities.Researchshowsthatcutstorailservicesinruralareashaveresultedinpopulationdecline,joblosses,andadropinskilledworkers.Onewayresearchcanhelptogetthingsbackontrackisbybroadeningthestandardgovernmentsusetoassessrailwayinvestment.Researchcanalsopresentthewinnersandloserscreatedbyinvestmentdecisions.Inshort,turningaroundtheignoringofatechnology,whichhasnotonlychangedtheworldbutcouldalsosavetheplanet,isacriticalpriorityofourtime.32.Whatdoesthephrase“hitthebuffers”underlinedinParagraph1probablymean?

A．Comeintofocus.B．Runintoabarrier.C．Createdinconvenience.D．Reachedastablestate.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutrailtransportfromthispassage?

A．Itcandriveurbanandruralpopulationdecline.B．Itcanachievesignificantbenefitsininvestment.C．Itcanpromotethewell-beingofurbanresidents.D．Itcanbecomeamajorsourceofcarbonemissions.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．AnIdealReplacementforCarsandPlanesB．MakeTrainsGreatAgainforOurPlanetC．AGoodProductofModernTechnologyD．MakeTrainsanUrban-RuralBridgeWhydosomepeopleseemendlesslycuriouswhileotherspreferthecomfortofthefamiliar?Weoftenthinkofcuriosityas,astablepersonalcharacteristic,partofwhatmakeseachpersonunique.35AnewstudypublishedinEvolutionaryBehavioralSciencesarguesthatcuriosityevolves(进化)withourenvironment.Forbothhumansandanimals,curiositymotivatesinformationseeking.Exploringnewplacesorunderstandingothers’behaviorallprovideknowledgethatcanimprovesurvivalandreproduction.Butexplorationalsoinvolvesrisk.Searchingforsomethingnewconsumestimeandenergyandmayexposeonetofailureorharm.36Insecure,resource-richcontexts,thecostoffailureislow,andthelong-termbenefitsofinformationarehigh.Incontrast,inunpredictableenvironments,curiositycanbecostly.37Participantscompletedameasureofcuriosity,coveringfivedimensions.Theresearchersalsomeasuredparticipants’socioeconomicstatus(地位)(SES),bothcurrentandduringchildhood.TheresultsshowedthathighercurrentSESpredictedhighercuriosity,whilechildhoodSESshowedlittleeffect.Thissuggeststhatcuriosityisnotfixedearlyinlifebutremainsflexible,respondingdynamicallytocurrentecologicalconditions.Authorsinterpretcuriosityasabehavioralflexibilitythatallowsindividualstoadjusttotheirenvironments.Ratherthanbeingafixedcharacteristic,curiositymayturnupwhenconditionsarestableandsafe,andturndownwhenuncertaintymakesexplorationcostly.38Monkeys,birds,andevenbeesexploremoreinsafe,resource-richsettings.Interestingly,thefindingsalsosuggestafeedbackcycle,Whileeconomicstabilitymayencouragecuriosity,curiosityitselfcandriveeconomicgrowth.Peoplewhoaremorecuriousoftenacquiremoreknowledgeandskills,andseeknewopportunities—allofwhichcanimproveeconomicoutcomes,39

A．Thesamepatternappearsacrosstheanimalkingdom.B．Whentheeconomyisstable,thecostofexplorationremainsuncertain.C．Theresearchersinthisstudytestedthisideausingdatafrom962adults.D．Yetrecentevidencesuggestsitmaybefarmoreflexiblethanwerealize.E．Overtime,curiosityandeconomicsuccessmayfueloneanothercontinually.F．However,theresearchersfindthatcuriosityhasdifferenteffectsonhumansandanimals.G．Behavioralecologypredictsthatexplorationshouldthereforevarywithenvironmentalconditions.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Repetition,thatis,doingthesamethingrepeatedly,isessentialforlearningandmasteringnewskills.Itisthepathwaytosuccessinanyfield.Examplesfromtheworldofsportsandmusicillustratethisprinciple.Evenolderadultscanbenefitfromtaskrepetitiontoimprovetheirworkingmemoryperformance.Repetitionbuildshabits.Asyourepeatsomethingoverandoveragain,itbecomesrootedinyoursubconscious,allowingyoutoactonitwithoutconsciouseffort.Whetheryou’relearningtoplayaninstrument,speakanewlanguage,orexcelatasport,repetitioniskeyforbuildingmusclememoryandimprovingyourperformance.Familiarityisthebasicsourceofpsychologicalandsocialstability.Themereexposureeffectsuggeststhatfamiliarityleadstoliking.Manysensoryexperiences(e.g.coffeeormusic),withrepeatedexposure,canbecomeincreasinglypleasant.Repetitionisakeyelementinmusic.Inlisteningtomusic,theexpectationisthatwewill