2025~2026学年山西朔州市怀仁市第一中学高二年级下学期第一次月考英语试卷

2025~2026学年山西朔州市怀仁市第一中学高二年级下学期第一次月考英语试卷一、阅读理解

MilitaryworksAuthorIntroductionTheArtofWarSunTzu

(about544-496BC)SunTzu,awell-knownmilitarystrategistinancientChina,livedduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Itwasinsuchacomplexandwar-tornenvironmentthatSunTzu,withhisrichmilitaryexperienceanddeepinsights,pennedit.Itistheoldestmilitaryworkintheworld,covering13shortchaptersthatexplainhowwarswork,howtowinbattles,andhowleadersshouldthink.Onefamousideais“towinwithoutfighting”.OnWarCarlvonClausewitz

(1780-1831)HewasaGermanmilitarythinker.Hisbooksayswarisawaytoforceanenemytodowhatyouwant.Italsosayswariscloselylinkedtopolitics.Itdeeplyexploresthedifferencesbetweentactics(战术)andstrategy,andisofgreatsignificancetomilitaryprofessionalsandpoliticaltheorists.TheHistoryofthePeloponnesianWarThucydides

(about460-400BC)ItrecordsthedetailsofthewarbetweenthePeloponnesianLeagueledbySpartaandtheAthenianEmpire.Thisbookisofhighhistoricalvalue,objectivelyandcomprehensivelypresentingtheprocessandimpactofthewar,andisanimportantworkforstudyingancientGreekhistory.TheArtofWarNiccolòMachiavelli

(1469-1527)HewasanItalianwriterfromtheRenaissance.Hisbooktalksabouthowtobuildandtrainanarmy,howtoarrangesoldiersinbattle,andhowgovernmentsshouldorganizedefenses.Manyideaswerenewforhistime.NavalStrategyAlfredThayerMahan

(1840-1914)HewasanAmericannaval(海军的)officer.Hisbookwasthefirsttostudynavalstrategy.Hearguedthatastrongnavyiskeytoacountry’spower,becausecontrollingtheseashelpsprotecttradeandwinwars.1.WhichbookissignificantfortheresearchonancientGreekhistory?

A．OnWar.B．NavalStrategy.C．TheArtofWarbySunTzu.D．TheHistoryofthePeloponnesianWar.2.Whatdothesetwobookswiththesamenamehaveincommon?

A．Theybothhave13chapters.B．Bothauthorsareexperiencedgenerals.C．Theywerewrittenaroundthesametimeperiod.D．Bothbooksofferauniqueunderstandingofwar.3.WhatisthekeypointofMahan’sNavalStrategy?

A．Warreliesoncomplexpolitics.B．Naviesshouldonlyprotectcoastlines.C．Astrongnavyisnecessarytoacountry.D．Tradeismoreimportantthanmilitarypower.Inthe1986America’sCupsailingrace,atoughcompetitionunfoldedbetweentheUnitedStatesteamandtheAustralianteam.TheAustralianteamhadwontheracemultipletimesbefore.Determinedtotakebackthetrophy(奖杯),theUSteamgatheredplentifulcapitalandtopsailors.Theyevendesignedahigh-speedsailboat,makingtheirgoalofwinningclear.Whentheracestarted,theUSteamtooktheleadrightaway.Bythetimetheywerejustfournauticalmiles(海里)fromthefinishline,theywerealreadythreenauticalmilesaheadoftheAustralianteam.Itseemedvictorywaswithintheirgrasp.However,thewinddirectionatseasuddenlychangedatthiscriticalmoment.TheUSteamwasnowfacedwithatoughchoice:shouldtheyadjust(调整)thesailangle?Yousee,therearetwotypesofwindatsea—gustsandcyclones.Ifitwasagust,adjustingthesailwouldbetherightmove.Butifitwasacyclone,anyadjustmentwouldbeuseless,ascycloneschangedirectionconstantly.Relyingonhisyearsofexperience,theUSteam’soldcaptaindecideditwasagustandorderedthecrewtoadjustthesail.Sadly,hisjudgmentwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeagust-likecyclone.TheUSsailboatspun(转动)aroundinplace,wastingvaluabletime.Meanwhile,theAustralianteamchosenottoadjusttheirsailandquicklycaughtup.Intheend,theAustralianteamovertooktheUSteamwhentheywerejustonenauticalmilefromthefinishlineandwonthechampionship.Aftertherace,mostmediablamedtheoldcaptainfortheUSloss.Butagametheoryexperthadadifferentview.Hesaidthatinanuncertainsituation,theUSteamshouldn’thavetriedtojudgethewinddirectionaccurately.Instead,theyshouldhavewatchedtheAustralianteam’sactions.IftheAustraliansdidn’tadjusttheirsail,theUSteamshouldn’thaveeither.Thatway,theycouldhavekepttheirlead.4.WhymighttheUSteamtaketheleadatthestart?

A．Theyhadgoodfunds,sailorsandagoodboat.B．Theypracticedsailingeverysingleday.C．Australianteammadeaslowstart.D．ThewindhelpedtheUSteamalot.5.WhatcanweknowabouttheAustralianteam?

A．TheywantedtheUStowin.B．Theydidnottrusttheircaptain.C．Theymadenosailadjustment.D．Theyknewthewindwouldchangeagain.6.Whatadvicedidtheexpertgive?

A．Betterlaterthannever.B．Copythecompetitor’smove.C．Itisnevertoooldtolearnandcreate.D．Trustthecaptain.7.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A．TheUnpredictableSeaWindsB．ARaceLostattheLastMileC．America’sCupSailingRaceD．TheRoleofExperienceinSailingA14-yearstudyofover90,000adultspresentedattheEuropeanSocietyofCardiologyCongresshasrevealedthat“catch-upsleep”onweekendscanreduceheartdiseaseriskbyupto20%.Theresearch,ledbycardiovascular(心血管的)scientistsfromChina’sFuwaiHospital,trackedparticipantsthroughtheUKBiobankandfoundthatthosewhogotthemostcompensate(补偿的)weekendsleepwere19%lesslikelytodevelopheartdiseasecomparedtothosewhomaintainedconsistentbutinsufficientsleepschedules.Theprotectiveeffectwasmostdramaticforthe20%ofparticipantsclassifiedassleep-deprived—thosegettingfewerthansevenhoursnightlyduringweekdays.AseparateNHANESstudyof3,400Americansconfirmedthesefindings,showingthatweekendcatch-upsleepdurationofmorethan2hourswasstronglyassociatedwithreducedcardiovasculardiseaseprevalencewhenweekdaysleepfellbelowsixhours.Buthere’swhatmakesthisdiscoveryrevolutionary:itdirectlychallengesdecadesofsleepmedicineorthodoxy(正统观念).Whileexpertshavelongemphasizedmaintainingregularsleeptomaintaincircadianrhythms(昼夜节律),thisresearchsuggeststhatforindividualssufferingfromlong-termlackofsleep,sleepinginonweekendsmaybemoreprotectivethanmaintainingaregularbutinsufficientsleeppattern.Thestudyfoundspecificreductionsinstroke(中风)andcoronaryheartdiseaseamongweekendsleepers.Dr.JimLiufromOhioStateUniversity’sWexnerMedicalCenterexplainsthemechanism:“Insufficientsleepcanincreasetheriskofdevelopinghypertension,obesity,arrhythmias,andcoronaryarterydisease.Ontheotherhand,makingupforlostsleepcanreducesuchrisks.”TheAmericanHeartAssociationnowconsiderssleeponeofthecorecomponentsofhearthealth,rankingitalongsidediet,exercise,andsmokingcessation.WithoneinthreeAmericanadultsreportinginsufficientdailysleep,thisresearchsuggeststhatweekendrecoverysleepmightserveasacrucialcardiacsafetynetformillionsofpeoplewhoarealwaystired.8.Whichgroupcanbenefitmostfromweekendcatch-upsleep?

A．Peoplewhosleep8hourseverynight.B．Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursonweekdays.C．Peoplewhomaintainaregularsleepschedule.D．Peoplewhooftenfeelsleepyonweekdays.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prevalence”inParagraph4mean?

A．Occurrence.B．Treatment.C．Prevention.D．Cure.10.WhatisJimLiu’sattitudetowardstheresearchresults?

A．Favourable.B．Doubtful.C．Negative.D．Unconcerned.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A．Americansneedtosleepmoreonweekends.B．Long-termlackofsleepcausesmanydiseases.C．Sleepmedicineexpertsshouldchangetheiradvice.D．Weekendcatch-upsleepcanreduceheartdiseaserisk.ThemodelcalledAguaPrope,meaningcleanwater,waspresentedbyateamofmiddleschoolstudentsfromHouston.AtthefutureCityNationalsinWashingtonDC,thestudents’goalwastobuildacitywithacleanandreliablewatersupply.ManymembersontheHoustonteamhaverootsinKarachi,Pakistanlargestandmostcontaminated(被污染的)city,wherewatershortagesandaccesstocleanwaterareaconstantproblem.Karachiisquiteunderdevelopednow.UnlikeinAmerica,alotofpeopleareonthestreets—theydon’thavewatertodrinkorthey’redrinkingcontaminatedwater.It’sveryhardtoevenlikeshowersovertheday.ThegovernmentinKarachisaysthecitysuppliesonlyhalfofthewateritneedsdaily.TheconsequencesofKarachi’swaterproblemsareheartbreaking.UNICEFreportseveryyear53thousandchildrendieofdiarrhea(腹泻)causedbydrinkingcontaminatedwater.StudentsontheHoustonteamsaytheirmodelincludesastablesystem,whichmonitorssupplyanddemand,storage,filtration(过滤),anddiversionofconventionalaswellasfloodwatersacrosstheJacksonvillelandscape.TheprojectAguaPropeislocatedinJacksonvilleFlorida,wherethemainproblemsarestormsurges,hurricanesandfloods.Actuallyalotofproblemscausedbywatershortageandpollutionaregoingoninternationallyrightnow,especiallyincoastalcities.There,limitedaccesstocleandrinkingwaterordrinkingcontaminatedwatermayleadtodevelopmentaldisordersandcancer-relatedissues.AguaPropemodelwonthePeople’sChoiceAwardbasedonvotingbythegeneralpublic,andthebestfuturisticcityaward.Thismodelcallsfortechnologysoadvancedthatitwillbedecadesbeforeitcanbeputintoeffect.Butthestudentssaytheyhopeonedaywithinthenext50yearstheirvisionofacleanwatercitywillbecomeareality.12.Whydidthestudentschoosetofocusonwaterproblems?

A．Theirteacherforcedthemtochoosethistopic.B．Waterproblemsarerareintheirhometown.C．Manyofthemcomefromacitywithseriouswatershortages.D．Theywantedtowinaninternationalsciencecompetition.13.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A．TheeffectsofcontaminatedwaterinKarachi.B．TheseriousnessofwaterproblemsinKarachiandPakistan.C．ThesolutionstowaterproblemsinKarachi.D．ThehistoryofwatersupplyinPakistan.14.WhatproblemsdoesJacksonvilleface?

A．Earthquakesanddroughts.B．Floodsandhurricanes.C．Volcaniceruptionsandstorms.D．Sandstormsandwatershortages.15.WhatcanweinferabouttheAguaPropemodelfromthelastparagraph?

A．Itisalreadybeingusedinsomecities.B．ItwillbebuiltinJacksonvillefirst.C．Itisnotyetpossibletobuildwithcurrenttechnology.D．Itistooexpensiveforanycitytoafford.HowAnimalsAdapttoPacificNorthwestWintersAswintercoversthePacificNorthwestinitscoldembrace,theseasonbeginsin“thebigdark”,atimewhendaysgrowshorter,andnightsstretchlonger.16.However,animalsinourregionhavesomeamazingwaystosurviveandthrive(茁壮成长).●PhysicalAdaptations17Mammalslikedeerandelkgrowthickercoatstokeepwarm.Thisextrafur(毛)trapsheatclosetotheirbodies,helpingthemsurviveinfreezingtemperatures.Birds,ontheotherhand,fluffup(使蓬松)theirfeathers.Thiscreatespocketsofwarmairthatkeepthemcozy.●FindingFoodwithForaging(觅食)andStorageWintercanbeachallengingtimeforanimalstofindfood.Tocope,manyspecieshavedevelopedstrategiesforforagingandstoringfood.18.Thisbehaviourensurestheyhaveenoughtoeatwhenfreshfoodishardtofind.Pacificwrenbirdsarewell-knownforstoringfood.Thissmallbirdcanbeseenforagingundersnowforinsects.Itsabilitytodigthroughsnowallowsittofindfoodevenwhenitseemsscarce.●SocialAdaptationsManyanimalsrelyonsocialbehaviourtosurviveduringwinter.Grouplivingoffersseveraladvantages,includingbetterhuntingsuccessandincreasedprotectionfromattackers.Beinginagroupcanalsohelpanimalsstaywarm,astheycrowdtogethertosharebodyheat.Wolvesareknownfortheirpackbehaviour.Theyformgroupstohuntandprotecteachother.19●StayingActiveIntheColdInthePacificNorthwest,snowandicecancreatechallengesforanimalsthatliveinwater.However,somespecieshaveadaptedtostayactivedespitethecold.20Theybuildhomesandcreateunderwaterentrancestothesestructures.Thisdesignallowsthemtoaccessfoodstoredinside,evenwhenthesurfaceisfrozen.

A．Winteranimalssleepinholes.B．Manypeoplethinkwinteristoughforwildlife.C．Socialanimalsoftengathertightlyincoldwinter.D．Someanimalsgatherandhidefoodinthefallsotheycanaccessitlater.E．Beavers(河狸)areremarkableanimalsthatmanagetothriveinwinter.F．Huntinginpacksincreasestheirchancesofcapturinglargerprey,suchasdeer.G．Oneofthemostnoticeablechangesinanimalsduringwinterisintheirfurandfeathers.二、完形填空“Ilovedthefeelingofswimmingoutside,inthefreshair,fullyimmersed(沉浸)innature.”MelanieBarratt,anunusualswimmer,______itintotherecordbooksbyswimmingacrosstheEnglishChannelunaided.Thiswasthefirsttimea______womanhadachievedthis.Melanie,whowasbornwithcongenitaltoxoplasmosis(先天性弓形虫病),leavinghersightlessinherlefteyeandwith______visionintheother,lovedswimmingfromanearlyage.Asatalentedteenagershewas______byBritishBlindSportandselectedforthenationalswimmingteam.Shewentontowinseveral______forswimmingattheAtlanta1996andSydney2000Paralympics.______,shehadthoughtitimpossibletoswimacrosstheEnglishChannelasitwasahugechallengetoswimforlonginopenwaterwithoutknowingwhereshewasheading,evenifshecould______thecoldandthedistance.To______this,shepractisedswimmingalongsideherhusband,Richard,inhiskayak(皮船).Communicationwasa______forthem.“Myhusbandcouldn’ttalktomewhileIwasswimmingandwasunabletogivemeany______.”Fortunately,theyfounda______inawirelessradiosystemthatconnectedtoboneconductingheadphones,allowingRichardto______herwhilesheswam.Tomakebetter______,sheevenhadabarrelfullofcoldwaterinthegardentohelpbuildhertolerancetothetemperaturewhenshecouldn’tpractiseinopenwater.Notonlyforherownenjoyment,takingonthechallengewasalsoaboutmakingthesportmore______topeoplewithsightloss.MelaniehasstartedupaFacebookgroup“BlindSwimBuddies”wheremoreandmorepeopleregisterasvolunteersandstatewhatkindof______activitytheydo.21.A．enteredB．placedC．madeD．broke22.A．deafB．sightedC．sillyD．blind23.A．normalB．limitedC．perfectD．outstanding24.A．cheatedB．fascinatedC．criticizedD．spotted25.A．coinsB．medalsC．rewardsD．elections26.A．ThereforeB．HoweverC．OtherwiseD．Meanwhile27.A．dealwithB．sufferfromC．drawonD．standfor28.A．abandonB．transformC．overcomeD．welcome29.A．responsibilityB．pleasureC．struggleD．success30.A．directionB．commandC．comfortD．energy31.A．solutionB．chanceC．planD．sound32.A．teachB．followC．accompanyD．guide33.A．preparationsB．reactionC．sensesD．patience34.A．challengingB．appropriateC．accessibleD．affordable35.A．eyeB．schoolC．spaceD．water三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenpeoplethinkoftemplefairsinChina,theyoftenimagineiconicliondancesandtraditionalperformances.However,for36(local)inSihong,JiangsuProvince,QianganDance(钱杆舞)isthetraditionthatbestrepresentstheirculturalidentity.Aqianganisastickmadeofbambooorwood,usually37(decorate)withcoppercoins(铜钱),bellsandribbons.QianganDanceperformersusetheqiangan38(hit)theirshoulders,waists,legsandotherbodypartslightlywhile39(dance)totherhythmoflocalfolkmusic.Becauseofitsculturalimportance,QianganDance40(recognize)asanintangibleculturalheritageinJiangsuprovincein2023.HuBo,50,presidentoftheQianganDanceAssociationinSihongCounty,wasbornintoafamilyoffolkartists.He41(begin)learningthedanceasachildandhaspractiseditfordecades.WhatinterestshimmostistheHuaiheculturebehindthedance.SihongCountyliesalongtheHuaiheRiver,42dividesnorthernandsouthernChina.Despiteitsculturalvalue,QianganDance,43acertainextent,isattheriskofbeingforgotten.ManyyoungpeopleleaveSihongforwork,andfewarepractisingitnow,Hurecalled.Tofightagainstthiscultural44(ignore),Huformedatrainingteam.Theyregularlyshowcasethedanceattemplefairs,museums,andcompetitions.Hualsosharesperformancesonline,attractingenthusiastswhoinspirehimto“bringQianganDanceto45biggerstage.”四、书信写作46.假定你是李华，学校读书节正在进行中外经典文学作品读书分享征稿活动“MyFavouriteCharacter”，请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：1.简要介绍一部经典文学作品；2.这部作品中你最喜欢的角色及其给你的启发。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MyFavouriteCharacterAspartoftheschoolreadingfestival,Iwouldliketosharewithyoumyfavouritecharacterfrom___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThanksgivingDaywasjustaroundthecorner,andasafirst-gradeteacher,Iwasexcitedtogivemyclassaheartfelthomework:drawapictureofsomethingtheyweregratefulfor.Iexpectedtoseedrawingsofturkeysandpumpkinpictures,symbolsoftheholidaytheymightenjoy.Mostofthechildrendiddrawexactlythat—scenesoffeastsandfamilygatherings.Brightcoloursfilledtheirpages,showingsmilingfamiliesarounddinnertablesladenwithfood.Butamongthisfestiveatmosphere,therewasLucas,aquietandsadboywhooftenstayedbymysidewhileothersplayedatrecess(课间休息).Lucaswasdifferentfromtheotherchildren.Hiseyes,alwaysfilledwithasadnessIcouldonlyguessat,s