2026届湖北省直辖县级行政单位教学质量监测高三下学期一模英语试卷

2026届湖北省直辖县级行政单位教学质量监测高三下学期一模英语试卷一、阅读理解NASASTEMActivitiesforStudentsDearstudents,NASAprovidesavarietyofwonderfulSTEMactivitiesforstudentsofdifferentages.Alltheactivitiesarecreatedtoinspiretheyoungergenerationandcultivatetheirinterestinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics.Formiddleandhighschoolstudents,manychancesareofferedtotakepartinspace-relatedprojects.TheNASATechRiseStudentChallengeencouragesyoutodesignexperimentsconnectedwithspaceexploration.TheDreamwithUsDesignChallengeinvitesstudentsinGrades6to12toputforwardcreativeideasforfutureflightsystems.Besides,HUNCHenableshighschoolstudentstodesignpracticalequipmentusedbyNASA.TheInternationalSpaceAppsChallenge,aglobaleventopentoeveryone,callsforcreativesolutionstoseriousspaceproblems.Collegeanduniversitystudentscanjoinmoreprofessionalandchallengingprojects.TheHERCChallengerequiresyoutodesignandtestvehiclesusedforlunarresearch.TheLunaboticsChallengeasksstudentstobuildandoperaterobotsworkingonthemoon.IntheSUITSProject,youneedtodesignadvancedtoolsforspacesuits.RASC-ALchallengesyoutocreatenewplansforfuturespaceexploration.Alltheseactivitiesofferyouvaluableandirreplaceablehands-onexperience.YoucanworkwithNASAexperts,learnusefulskillsandtakepartinrealresearch.Takingpartintheprogramswillsurelyhelpyourfuturestudyandjobsinscienceandspacefields.WelcometojoinNASA’smeaningfulSTEMactivities!1.WhatisthepurposeofNASA’sSTEMactivities?

A．Totrainprofessionalastronautsforfuturespacetasks.B．Tostimulatestudents’passionforSTEMsubjects.C．TodesignspaceequipmentandflightsystemsforNASA.D．Toraisemoneyforspaceexplorationprojectsworldwide.2.WhatcanhighschoolstudentsdointheHUNCHprogram?

A．Buildrobotsforlunartasks.B．Testvehiclesformoonresearch.C．DesignconvenienttoolsforNASA.D．Createtoolsforspacesuituse.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastbutoneparagraph?

A．Theseactivitiesaredesignedforstudents’entertainment.B．AlltheparticipantswillworkforNASAaftergraduation.C．OnlycollegestudentscancooperatewithNASAexperts.D．Studentscangainpracticalskillsfromtheactivities.Bytheageof22,HikariObermanhasalreadybeenalifeguardforfouryears.Recently,Obermantalkedabouthowhesavedlivesduringarescue.OnDecember30,Obermanandhisco-workerwereatAniniBeachwhentwoworkersranuptothemandsaid,“Wethinksomeone’sgettingstuckinthechannel!”Obermanquicklygottheirequipmentandastheyweremakingtheirwaydownthere,hegotintouchwithaJetSki(喷气式划艇)throughradioandaskedittoassistwiththerescue.Whenhegotthere,Obermanfoundasurfer,amaninhislate30sstrugglingagainstthestrongcurrent,withanelderlymaninhis70sholdingontothebackofthesurfboard.Apparently,theyenteredthewateragainsttheadvisoryontheradio.“Myco-workergraspedthesurfer.Meanwhile,Iwashelpingtheolderman,”Obermansaid.Normally,Obermanwouldlaytheguyonthesurfboard,climbupbehind,andpaddlefromthere.Hetriedthattechniqueatfirstandquicklyrealizeditwasnotworking.Waveshitagainsttherockyreefabout27metersbehindthem,andthecurrentwaspullingthemintoit.“IfIstoppaddling,we’redefinitelygoingtobeinthatzone,”Obermanrecalled.Atthatmoment,hejustfocusedonforwardmovementandkeptthinkingthataslongastheywerenotgoingbackward,thatwasgood.Afteraboutfiveminutes—“eventhoughitfeltlonger”—Oberman’spartnerhadgottenthesurfersafelytoshoreandstartedcomingbacktoassisthim.Afterashorttime,theJetSkifinallycametothechanneltohelp.Itwasagoodrescue.Whenaskedwhatitfeelsliketosavesomeone’slife,Obermanresponded,“Iloveit!That’swhywedoit!”Butasexcitingasitmightbetoperformabigrescue,heexplainedthatthemostimportantpartofhisjobwastopreventpeoplefromgettingintotroubleinthefirstplace.“Adrylifeguardisagoodlifeguard.”4.Whywerethesurfersstuckinthechannel?

A．Thewaterwastoodeep.B．Theyweretoooldtosurf.C．Theyfailedtofollowtheradiowarning.D．Somethingwaswrongwiththeirsurfboard.5.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbymentioningthewavesinParagraph5?

A．Thedepthofthechannel.B．Oberman’sprofessionalism.C．Theresultofthebigrescue.D．Theseriousnessofthesituation.6.Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?

A．Obermanwillfocusmoreonpreventiveaction.B．Obermanwon’tperformanybigrescueanymore.C．Goodlifeguardswon’tgetwetafterarescuemission.D．Lifeguardsshouldrequestassistancebeforeenteringthewater.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHikariOberman’scharacterintherescueprocess?

A．Braveandresponsible.B．Decisiveandadaptable.C．Friendlyandcooperative.D．Persistentandcautious.Cultureclashmeansthetensionsandconflictscausedbydifferentworkinghabits,communicationstyles,andwaysofthinkinginsideacompany.Thisoftenhappensbetweenemployeesofdifferentgenerations,separatedepartments,orpeoplefromvariousculturalbackgrounds.WiththerapidgrowthofremoteworkandthewideuseofAItechnology,workplaceshavebecomemorecomplex.Thisleadstomorefrequentmisunderstandingsandfrictionsamongcolleagues.Therearethreemainfactorsthatcausesuchconflicts.First,employeesatdifferentcareerstagesoftenhavedifferentideasaboutcompanydevelopmentandmanagement.Forexample,youngworkersmaywantquickchanges,whileseniorstaffmaypreferstability.Disagreementsaboutcorporatecultureoftenpushmanytalentedemployeestoleavetheirjobs.Second,cross-culturaldifferencescaneasilycausemisunderstandingswhencompaniesdobusinessinternationally.Whatispoliteinoneculturemayberudeinanother.Third,companymergersoftenleadtoclearcultureclashesbecausethetwocompaniesusuallyhaveverydifferentvaluesandrules.Althoughcultureclashishardtoavoidinmoderncompanies,effectivemethodscanbeusedtoreduceitsbadinfluence.Respectingculturaldifferencesandvaluingthestrengthsofeachgroupareverynecessary.Clearandregularcommunicationhelpsbuildtrustandunderstanding.Providingprofessionalcross-culturaltrainingcanalsoimprovecooperationandcutdownonunnecessaryconflicts.Ifmanagedcorrectly,cultureclashwillnothurttheorganization.Instead,itcanhelpcreateamorepositiveandactiveworkingenvironment,strengthenteamspiritandcooperation,andfurtherimprovethecompany’soverallcompetitivenessintheglobalmarket.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Keystomanagingcross-culturalconflictsB．Reasonsforglobalmarketsuccess.C．Waystoreduceemployeestress.D．Causesandsolutionstocultureclash.9.Accordingtothetext,whymighttalentedemployeeschoosetoleavetheirjobs?

A．Theyareunwillingtoacceptdifferentworkingstyles.B．Theypreferworkingincompanieswithdifferentrules.C．Theyfindithardtoagreewiththecompany’sculture.D．Theyaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaryandbenefits.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutcultureclash?

A．Itcanbeadrivingforceforcompanygrowth.B．Ithaslittleimpactonacompany’sdevelopment.C．Itisthemaincauseofemployeeturnover.D．Itshouldbepossiblyavoidedinglobalbusiness.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscultureclash?

A．Doubtful.B．Hopeful.C．Worried.D．Uncaring.Theglobalshifttorenewableenergyisgreatlyincreasingdemandforcriticalmineralsandmetals,includinglithium,copperandrareearthelements.Overthepastfiveyears,themarketfortheseenergytransitionmineralshasdoubled.By2040,demandforsuchmineralsincleanenergytechnologiesisexpectedtogrowtwotofourtimes.Althoughtheenergytransitionrequiresmoremining,thetotalamountofmaterialsneededforafullygreenenergysystemby2040ismuchlowerthanthatforafossil-fuelbasedsystem.Fossilfuelsareburnedcontinuouslyandcannotberecycled.Incontrast,criticalmineralsareusedinlong-lastingequipmentandcanberecycledattheendoftheirservicelife.Itishighlyimportanttominethesemetalsresponsibly.Copperisonemetalwhosedemandwillrisesharply.Underthe1.5°Cclimategoal,annualcopperdemandisprojectedtogrowfrom25milliontonnesnowto55.1milliontonnesin2050.Newsupplysourcesmustbedevelopedtoclosethisgap.Fortunately,knownreservesofmanycriticalmineralsaregeographicallywidespread.Copper,forexample,isdistributedacrossChile,Peru,China,theUnitedStatesandothernations.Inthenearfuture,productionwillstilldependontraditionalminingcountries,becauseopeninganewmineusuallytakesmorethan10years.However,processingcapacitycanbediversifiedmorequickly.TheUSandtheEUarebuildingpartnershipstostrengthensupplychains.Mining,however,bringsseriousenvironmentalandsocialrisks.Itcandamageecosystems,consumelargeamountsofwaterandproduceharmfulwaste.SomeminingactivitiesalsoaffectlocalcommunitiesandIndigenousPeoples’lands.Morethan50percentofthemetalsneededfortheenergytransitioncomefromorneartheseareas.Tosolvetheseproblems,responsibleminingisnecessary.Companiesneedstrongmanagementandclearcommunicationwithlocalcommunities.TheyshouldalsofollowinternationalstandardssuchasTowardsSustainableMining,IRMAandCopperMark.Thesesystemsaimtoimproveenvironmentalprotection,safetyandcommunityrelations.Metaluserscanhelpbymakingsupplychainsmoretransparentandsupportingrecyclingandnewtechnologies.Withjointefforts,theenergytransitioncanbebothsustainableandfairtolocalcommunities.12.Whatistheadvantageofcriticalmineralsoverfossilfuels?

A．Theyareeasiertoexploreandextract.B．Theycanberecycledafteruse.C．Theycostlesstoproduce.D．Theyareusedinlargerquantities.13.Whyisitdifficulttoincreasecoppersupplyquickly?

A．Knownreservesarerunningout.B．Demandisgrowingtooslowly.C．Buildinganewminetakesalongtime.D．Manycountriesrefusetoexportcopper.14.Whatproblemdoesminingbringaccordingtothepassage?

A．Itraisesthepriceofrenewableenergy.B．Itreducestheefficiencyofpowersystems.C．Itslowsdowntechnologicaldevelopment.D．Itharmstheenvironmentandlocalcommunities.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．CriticalMineralsfortheEnergyTransition.B．WaystoRecycleUsedMetalsEffectively.C．GlobalSupplyChainsofRenewableEnergy.D．EnvironmentalRisksofMiningIndustry.Peoplearelivinglongerthaneveraroundtheworld.Longerlivesbringnewopportunities,buttheyalsointroducechallenges,especiallytheriskofage-relateddecline.Researchershavespentyearstryingtounderstandwhysomepeoplestaymentallysharpwhileothersfademorequickly.16Whensomeoneknowstwoormorelanguages,allthoselanguagesremainactiveinthebrain.Eachtimeamultilingualpersonwantstospeak,thebrainmustselecttherightlanguagewhilekeepingothersfrominterfering.17Choosingonelanguage,controllingtheothersandswitchingbetweenthemstrengthensbrainnetworksinvolvedinattentionandmentalcontrol.Studiescomparingbilingualsandmonolingualshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhousemorethanonelanguagemightmaintainbetterbrainfunctionsinlaterlife.18Interestingly,researchersalsofindinanewstudythatpeoplelivingincountrieswheremultilingualismhadalowerchanceofshowingsignsofacceleratedageing.Monolingualspeakers,bycontrast,weremorelikelytoappearbiologicallyolder.19Thisnewresearchstandsoutforitsscale,itslong-termperspectiveanditsbroadapproachtodefiningageing.Bycombiningbiological,behaviouralandenvironmentalinformation,itrevealsaclearandconsistentpattern:20Whileitisnotamagicshield,itmaybeoneoftheeverydayexperiencesthathelpthebrainstayadaptable,resilientandyoungerforlonger.

A．brainactivitiescanpreventphysicalillnesses.B．multilingualismiscloselylinkedtohealthierageing.C．Thismentalexerciseactsabitlike“braintraining”.D．Manyscientistsdoubttheeffectoflearninglanguagesinoldage.E．Therefore,themorelanguagesonespeaks,thegreatertheprotectiveeffect.F．Onemainreasonismultilingualism,theabilitytospeakmorethanonelanguage.G．Indeed,speakingoneextralanguageappearshelpfulinmaintainingbettercognitiveskills.二、完形填空SaulScruggsandKeonRichardsonhavenevermissedadayofworkpickinguprubbishinMiamiBeach.Andtheywereespecially________tobefollowingtheirrouteasawonderfulsurpriseawaitedthem.Whentheirhugetruckrolleddownthestreet,theyfoundscoresof________who’dgottenupearlytolinethestreetwithsignsandballoons,allto________say“weloveyou”.JenniferElegantwantedtoshowherfamily’s________sosheorganizeda“thankyou”celebrationto________theessentialworkerswhomshecalled“extraordinary”.EventheMiamiBeachMayor,DanGelber,________toexpressrespecttothem—becauseSaulandKeondomorethanpickuprubbish.“Theybringanincredible,positive________totheentireneighborhood,”JennifertoldGNN.“Theyspreadjoy.”Whatisparticularly________isthepositiveenergythesetwomenbringwiththem.Theyalwayswearsmilesandnevermissa(n)________tosayhelloand________someone’sday.Theyhelpothersandexpectnothing________.Oneday,Saulspent45minuteshelpinganeighborlookforherlostweddingring.Healsowaitedoveranhourwithanotherneighborwhowashavingheartissuesandneededa(n)________togotothehospital.Jenniferisdeeplyimpressedwiththeseamazingworkers.“Theycontinuetomaintaintheir________attitudeeveninthefaceofthissevereglobalhealthcrisis,________theirownsafetyinordertokeepourcity________andbeautiful,”shesaid.21.A．carefulB．delightedC．confidentD．grateful22.A．officersB．colleaguesC．touristsD．residents23.A．sincerelyB．secretlyC．roughlyD．falsely24.A．expectationB．motivationC．appreciationD．attention25.A．awardB．comfortC．blameD．honor26.A．showedupB．broughtupC．gaveupD．calmeddown27.A．pressureB．spiritC．actionD．effort28.A．hopefulB．interestingC．mysteriousD．special29.A．meetingB．dayC．opportunityD．reason30.A．changeB．brightenC．widenD．sharpen31.A．inturnB．inshortC．inreturnD．insight32.A．operationB．ambulanceC．discussionD．friendship33.A．determinedB．pessimisticC．negativeD．independent34.A．givingB．treasuringC．seekingD．risking35.A．peacefulB．lonelyC．orderlyD．common三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Anover600-year-oldMingDynastybanknote—amongtheearliestprintedcurrency(货币)inChina—wasfound36(hide)insidea14th-centurywoodenBuddhistsculpture.Specialistsbelieveapersonmay37(place)thebanknoteinsidewhilearrangingrepairs,anestimated40or50yearsafterthesculpturewasfirstmade.ThebanknotewasmadeduringChina’sMingDynasty,38spannedfrom1368to1644.TheperiodundertheHongwuEmperor,ZhuYuanzhang—the39(found)oftheMingDynasty—wasaprosperouserafueledbystronginternationaltradeandagrowingpopulation.Duringthistime,Chinareplaceditstraditionalsilverandgoldcurrency40papermoney.The“oneguan”banknotewasthe41(high)denomination(面额)availableatthetime,andwasequalto“oneliang”ofsilver—afacevalueofabout660RMBorroughly$100.Ifsoldalone,itsmarketvaluetodayisestimated42(be)between$2,000and$4,000.Asidefromitsinsidevalue,thebanknotelendsadditionalinsightintotheera.Atthattime,billsinChina43(create)carefullyandskillfullyfromhandmademulberrybarkpaperandprintedwithacarvedwoodblock,atechnologythathasplayed44importantrolethroughoutChinesehistory.45(date)backto868A.D.,thisprintingmethodenabledthespreadofinformation,artandliterature.四、书信写作46.假定你是李华，你校英文报“Future&Career”栏目征文，主题为“MyFutureCareerPlan”。请结合科技发展、社会需求、个人兴趣，写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.未来职业的大致方向；2.选择理由；3.现在该如何准备。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。MyFutureCareerPlan_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onceuponatimetherelivedapoorbutcheerfulshoemaker.Hewassohappythathewentonsingingalldaylong.Upstairslivedaveryrichman.Hewassorichthathecouldnotsleepatnightbecausehewasalwaystryingtocounthismoneyandkeepitsafe.Sothisrichmanlayawakeallnightandalwayswenttobedinthemorning.Butnosoonerhadhefallenasleepthanhewasawakenedagain.Itwasnothismoneythatwokehimthistime;itwastheshoemaker,whowassittingathisdoormakingshoesandbootsandsingingashappilyasabird.Therichmanwenttoafriendandasked,“Ican’tsleep