高中动词时态基础讲解

动词时态语法专题(一)英语中的十六种时态：1.一般现在时

2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.一般过去将来时5.现在进行时6.过去进行时7.将来进行时8.过去将来进行时

9.现在完成时10.过去完成时11.将来完成时12.过去将来完成时

13.现在完成进行时14.过去完成进行时15.将来完成进行时16.过去将来完成进行时

HumourousMomentsTheFatherandHisSon

Father:Youknow,Tom,whenLincoln___(be)yourage,he___(be)averygoodpupil.Infact,he___(be)thebestpupilinhisclass.

Tom:Yes,Father.I____(know)that.Butwhenhe____(be)yourage,he____(be)President

oftheUnitedStates.waswaswaswaswasknow

1.一般现在时:dodoes用法：A)表示现在的状态、特征、情况Theyliveinthesamebuilding.B)经常性、习惯性动作（常与usually,always,everyday,twiceaweek,seldom,sometimes等时间状语连用。）Heworkseighthourseveryday.C)客观事实和普遍真理,格言或警句等）Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。Itsnowsinthewinter.D)表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况.(一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等动词中，常与时间状语连用)Themeetingisat2:00p.m.下午两天开会

Theplanetakesoffatten.E）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时,代替将来时。I’llnotgounlessI’minvited.Tellhimthenewsassoonashecomes.(1)Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovedaroundthesun.[改错](moved→moves)(2)Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.)Theshopwillcloseat11：00p．m.[改错](willclose→closes)1Jenny____inanoffice.Herparents____inahospital.AworkworksBworksworkCworkareworkingDisworkingwork2Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat.AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.Adon'trainBdidn'trainCdoesn'trainDisn'train

4Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets5WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDlikinglisten6Jenny____Englisheveryevening.AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_____(come)tovisit.2_____yoursister_____(know)English?3Herhome_______________(远离)herschool.4Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.5Where_____you____(have)luncheveryday?6Who_____(想要)togoswimming?7______she_____(do)thehouseworkeveryday?8JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon.2.现在进行时结构:be(am,are,is)+doing用法:A．表示说话时正在进行的动作Someone’s

knocking

at

the

door.

B.表示现阶段内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。Heisteachingatanightschool.C.现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动(用现在进行时表示将来)He’s

arriving

tomorrow

morning.D.现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never等频度副词连用，连用，表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。你总是忘记这些重要的事情。（表责怪,不满）Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）Heisalwaysworkinghard.这个男孩上课老说话。

Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.

三、对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间。1)—What’stheterriblenoise？—Theneighbors____foraparty（2004年北京卷）

A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare2)Becausetheshop_____,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.（2004年浙江卷34题）hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown3)—Areyoustillbusy?—Yes,I_____mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A．justfinish B.amjustfinishing

C．havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish4)SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn'tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.phone B.willphone C.werephoningD.arephoning5)Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.ischanging B.haschanged C.willhavechanged D.willchange3..一般过去时1.结构:did/was/were用法：A.表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（yesterday,lastnight)B表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用）Weoftenplayedbadmintontogetherwhenwewerechildren．我们小时候常在一起打羽毛球。(表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/usedtodo句型）.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。

Heusedto/wouldgotoworkbybus.4.过去进行时结构：was/were+doing用法：A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.通常有时间状语例：Marywaslisteningtolightmusic10minutesago.★B.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用过去进行时，而另一个动作用一般过去时。我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。WhenIenteredtheroom,shewassittingatherdesk.你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。Iwaswashingmyhairwhenyouknockedatthefrontdoor.C.瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时）Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.练习1.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny____asleep.(95N)A.read…wasfalling B.wasreading…fellC.wasreading…wasfallingD.read…fellB2.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshe_____!(98N)A.promises B.promised C.willpromiseD.hadpromisedB3.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which___thePacific,andwemetnostorms.（05辽宁卷）A．wascalled

B．iscalled

C．hadbeencalled

D．hasbeencalledB

4._____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.Whenleft B.Leaving C.Ifyouleave D.LeaveD5._____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.TogiveB5.一般将来时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表示将来的时间状语连用基本结构:will/shall+动词原形Ishallgraduatenextyear.Youwon’tsucceedwithouttheirsupport.

其他将来时的表达方式：1）begoingtodo…表示打算、计划、决定要做的事;“有迹象表明或预示着将发生………Lookatthedarkclouds;it’sgoingtorain.看那乌云，快要下雨了。2)beabouttodo…表示眼下马上就要发生的动作HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。3)be+todo…表示计划中约定的必须将发生的行为；按职责义务必须去做的事情/要发生的动作You’retodelivertheseflowersbefore10.你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。4)be+doing主要用于go,come,leave,start等表示去向的短暂性动词。如：I’mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。

①You___________yourpapersby10o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。②Lookatthedarkclouds.It____________看那乌云，快要下雨了。.

③小男孩就要摔倒了。

Thelittleboy__________fallover.④我们马上出发。We_____tostartoff.aretohandinIt’sgoingtorainisgoingtoareabout在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如：Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.努力学习，你就会通过考试。1.___________straightonandyou’llseeachurch．Youwon’tmissit．（2004年湖北卷）

A．GoB．GoingC．IfyougoD．Whengoing2.Standoverthere__________you’llbeabletoseeitbetter．（2004年天津卷）A．orB．whileC．butD．and

3．-Englishhasalargevocabulary，hasn’tit?-Yes．___________morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate．（2004年上海卷）A．KnowB．KnowingC．ToknowD．Known4．Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou__________advertise-mentsshowinghappyfamilies．（2004年湖南卷）A．willoftenseeB．oftenseeC．areoftenseeingD．haveoftenseen5.Followyourdoctor’sadvice,_____yourcoughwillgetworse.（2005辽宁）

A.orB.andC.thenD.so6.过去将来时1)基本结构:would/Should+动词原形表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句和间接引语。Theboypromisedhe________(work)hard.I

toldmyparentsI_________(return)early.wouldworkshould/wouldreturn

2).其他表示过去将来的句型

was(were)goingtowas(were)to+动词原形

was(were)aboutto

7.现在完成时结构:have(has)+过去分词现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与下边这些时间状语连用：如:sofar,uptonow,recently,inthepasttenyears,since+时间点,for+一段时间，just,already,yet,等等.在下列句型中要用现在完成时:①This/Itisthefirst/secondtime+that从句(完成时)这是我第二次来北京了。2.This(that/It)isthe+形容词最高级….that从句这是我看过的最好的电影。

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.3.Ithasbeen+一段时间+since从句（主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既since后要用一般过去时）他参军以来已经有两年了.IthasbeentwoyearssincehejoinedthearmyThisisthesecondtimethatIhavecometoBeijing.典型例题：1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.

A.hadmet

B.havemet

C.met

D.meet答案B

；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeen

B.hadbeen

C.was

D.willbe答案A

；等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。

8.过去完成时结构：had+done表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。既过去的过去。常与时间状语bytheendof+过去时间点，before+过去时间/过去动作,by+过去时间，untilthen等连用

eg.TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了。Untilthen,we______________forsixmonths.hadn'theardfromhim

过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。Eg.Whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.Whatapity!hadsoldgotNow过去的过去Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_________________(runaway).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents______________(begin)reading.hadrunawayhadbegun过去完成时典型用法:①表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。含有惋惜的意思。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday我本来昨天打算要去看你。（但没去）IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）②Hardlyhad+主语＋

done…when+主语＋did

;Nosoonerhad+主语+done…than+主语＋did

scarcelyhad+主语＋

done…when+主语+did

意为“一…..就……”他刚睡下门铃就响了。Hardlyhadshegonetobedwhenthebell

rang.翻译以下句子：1.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。2.这是我第一次当众讲话。(用itis…)3.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。1.Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld.2.ItisthefirsttimeI’vespokeninpublic3.ThemilkhadbeensoldwhenIgottothesupermarketlastnight.4.他总是开着窗子睡觉。5.他一来，她就离开.

（nosooner…than)4.Healwayssleepswiththewindowsopen.

5.NosoonerhadHecomethansheleft

9.现在完成进行时

(has/havebeendoing)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：

Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven'tfoundit.

现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时

Ihavewrittenanarticle.

Ihavebeenwritinganarticle.

2.有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry,getup,come,go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：持续性，未完成性1)Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.（2004年北京卷）hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider2)---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.“---Iamtired.I____thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted

典型例题

(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?

---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came

D.amcoming(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?

---No,it’sthefirsttimeI___here.

A.even,come

B.even,havecome

C.ever,come

D.ever,havecome

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.

（对）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.BDHaveatry1.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.havefound B.willbefoundC.willhavefound D.arefinding2.Theconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelasted

B.willhavelastedC.wouldlast

D.haslastedPractice______perfect.(make)2.Weoften_____togetherwhenwewerechildren.(play)3.I_______ataneveningschoolthesedays.(study)4.Ididtellmyfriendswhat__________tothemiftheydidn’tfollowmyadvice.(happen)5.IcalledJimmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Hismother________(talk)onthephoneallthetime.wouldhappen

wastalkingFillintheblankswiththecorrectformofgivenwords.

exercisesmakesplayedamstudying6.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves___________away(run).7.Lookattheclouds;it___________________(rain).8.TheChinese_____________________paperfortwothousandyears.(make)9.Hurryup,theplane_________(take)offat6o’clock.10.ThisisthefirsttimethatI______________hersong.(hear)havebeenmakingisgoingtorainhadrunhave

heardtakesExercisesIusually____upat6:00,butyesterdayI______upat7:00andtomorrowI_________upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone____________(knock)atthedoor.I___________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_____Andy_______(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe___________(read)abook.groupcompetitiongetwillgetgotisknocking

havebeen

doessurfwasreading6.I________never_______(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_________(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_______(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9.______thestory________(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What______hismother______(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldDidhappenwasdoing11.Ifit______________(notrain)tomorrow,they___________(go)fishing.12.______yourmother________thepianoeverySunday?13.They_______(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_____________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_________(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher___________(start)teaching.doesn’trainwillgoDoeshasworkedwon’t

walkedhadstartedplayJennyJenny_____(be)aforeigngirl.She_______(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_____________(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_________(move)toChina.Jenny____________(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_______(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_______(have)manyChinesefriendsand_______(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny___________(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidn’thavefelthasstudieswillvisit1Idon'tknowifshe_____,butifshe____Iwillletyouknow.A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,willcomeD.willcome,comesD

B2.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout3Myfatherretiredfromthesteelfactorylastmonth,andhe_______thereformorethan

twentyyears.Aworked

BhasworkedChadbeenworkingDwasworkingA4.Wehadhopedtocatchthe10：20train,but_____itwasgone.A.found

B.hadfoundC.wouldfind

D.wouldhavefoundA5.Thisisthefirsttimewe________afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.(2009陕西)A．seeB．hadseenC．sawD．haveseenD6—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.—Oh,I____forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.（2004年福建卷）

A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited

7You______television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive？A.alwayswatch

B.arealwayswatchingC.havealwayswatched

D.havealwaysbeenwatchingBB8.MrSmith______tonight.”“Buthepromised.”

doesn’tcome

B.isn’tcomingC.didn’tcome

D.hadn’t

come9—Annisinhospital.—Oh，really？I________know.I________goandvisither.(2009江苏)A．didn't；amgoingto B．don't；wouldC．don't；will D．didn't；willkeypoints10Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing！”“Oh,I’mterriblysorry._____.”

A.I’mnotnoticing

B.Iwasn’tnoticing

C.Ihaven’tnoticed

D.Idon’tnoticeDB11—HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?—Ihavenoidea.He____itthismorning.（2004年全国卷）

A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone12.Shirley____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.(98）

A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting高考题点击：13.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which___thePacific,andwemetnostorms.（05辽宁卷）A．wascalled

B．iscalled

C．hadbeencalled

D．hasbeencalled14I_____ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.(2001N)A.willplay B.haveplayed C.played D.playBD说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。3.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn'tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.

（05湖南卷）

A.phone

B.willphone

C.werephoningD.arephoning4.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.(2001N)A.ischanging B.haschanged C.willhavechanged D.willchange说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的arephoning表示“不停的打电话”。说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。DA5._____mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.（05北京春季）

A.I’dphoned B.I’vebeenphoning

C.I’vephoned D.Iwasphoning6.---Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?---_____.HowIwishtogothere!(98N)A.Yes,Ihave B.Yes,Ihaven’t C.No,Ihave D.No,Ihaven’t说明：此题的干扰源是后面的wasbusy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。说明：从补充的句子“HowIwishtogothere!”可知“我”没到过北京。CD7.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I_____thelivingroomallday.(98N)A.painted B.hadpainted C.havebeenpainting D.havepainted8.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.（04北京）

Ahadconsidered Bhasbeenconsidering Cconsidered Disgoingtoconsider说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。CB说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。高考题点击：1.Ifaman_____succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.(95上海)A.will B.isto C.isgoingto D.should2.---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.(2000N)A.I’llgo B.I’vegone C.Igo D.I’mgoing说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而beto结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA3.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_______forLondontoattendameeting.(05天津卷)A.willleave B.leaves C.willhaveleftD.left4.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.(93N)A.leaves B.wouldleave C.left D.hadleft说明：that引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“weresurprised”之后，故需用过去将来时。CB说明：bythetime表示“到……为止”“在……之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。（9）注意几组时态的区别：1.一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、lastyear、justnow、theotherday等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。

1.---Where__you__(put)thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I___(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.did;put;putB.have;put;put