2026年中考复习专题十四 主从复合句课件

专题十四主从复合句一、宾语从句1.引导词引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that、if、whether以及连接代词和连接副词。(1)如果宾语从句是陈述句，常用that引导，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。Hesaid(that)hecouldcomeontime.他说他会准时来的。(2)宾语从句如果是由一般疑问句转换而来，引导词用if或whether，表示“是否”。I

don’t

care

whether

you

like

the

story

or

not.

我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。

以下情况一般只用whether不用if：①接带to的动词不定式She

doesn’t

know

whether

to

go

to

the

zoo.她不知道是否去动物园。②与or

not连用时I’m

not

sure

whether

or

not

he

will

come

on

time.他能否准时来，我说不准。③连接词前有介词时It

depends

on

whether

he

is

coming.这取决于他是否会来。④宾语从句位于句首时Whetherhewillcomeback，Idon’tcare.我不在乎他是否会回来。(3)宾语从句如果是由特殊疑问句变化而来，须将其转化为陈述语序。其中连接代词who、whom、whose、which、what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词when、where、why、how在从句中作状语。Itdependsonwhowilldesignouruniforms.

这取决于谁来设计我们的校服。Sheaskswhatmaterialstheyshouldchoose.

她问他们应该选择什么材料。I

don’t

know

when

he

will

come

back.我不知道他何时回来。2.语序宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。I

want

to

know

when

the

train

left.

我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。3.时态(1)主句若是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制，可用任意时态。Please

tell

me

where

he

was

last

night.请告诉我他昨天晚上在哪。(2)主句若是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。Herfathersaidthathewouldbuyanewcomputerthenextweek.她爸爸说他下周将买台新电脑。(3)当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或者客观事实时，不管主句时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。The

teacher

told

us

the

earth

goes

round

the

sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

主现从任意，主过从必过，客观真理必用现。4.否定转移当宾语从句表示否定意义，主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think/believe/expect/imagine/guess/suppose等时，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中。Idon’tthinkTomwillcome.我认为Tom不会来。二、状语从句1.时间状语从句连词(短语)含义及用法when“当……的时候”，可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和非延续性动词连用while“在……期间；与……同时”，后跟延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行as“当……时；随着”，多用于口语，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”连词(短语)含义及用法until/till用于肯定句，意为“直到……为止”，谓语动词用延续性动词用于否定句，构成not...until...，意为“直到……才”，谓语动词用非延续性动词since“从……以来”，后常跟一个过去的时间点；主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时连词(短语)含义及用法as

soon

as“一……就……”，位置比较灵活，可用于各种时态before“在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前after“在……之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后Weweretalkingintheclassroomwhentheteachercamein.老师进来时，我们正在教室里说话。Whileweweretalkingintheclassroom，theteachercamein.当我们在教室里说话时，老师进来了。Wealwayssingaswewalk.

我们总是边走边唱。Iwillwaituntil/tillyoucomeback.

我会等到你回来。Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.直到你告诉我，我才知道关于此事的情况。WehavelivedheresinceIwaseightyearsold.自从我八岁以来，我们就住在这。IwillcallyouassoonasIgetbackhome.

我一回到家就给你打电话。Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheroom.

离开房间前记得关灯。IwenttosleepafterIfinishedthecleaning.

我打扫完后就去睡觉了。

大部分时间状语从句遵循“主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，或是祈使句，或含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时。2.条件状语从句连词(短语)含义用法if如果主从句的时态遵循“主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现”的原则unless如果不，除非as

long

as只要Youcanborrowmybookifyoupromisetoreturnit.

如果你答应归还，你可以借我的书。Youwon’tpassthismid-termexamunlessyoustudyhardeveryday.除非你每天努力学习，否则你不会通过这次期中考试的。Youcancomebackhereatanytimeaslongasyou’dlike.只要你愿意，你随时都可以回来这里。unless

相当于if...not，但unless的语气较强。3.让步状语从句连词(短语)含义及用法though/although“虽然，尽管”，一般可互换，都不与but连用even

if/though“即使”，表示一种假设情况，都不与but连用Although/Thoughit’shardtofinish，hestilltriesagainandagain.虽然很难完成，但他还是一次又一次地尝试。Evenif/thoughIfinishmyhomeworkontime，Iwon’tgotothecinematoday.即使我按时完成作业，今天我也不去看电影。4.结果状语从句连词短语含义用法such...that如此……以至于such后常跟名词，名词前面可以有形容词修饰so...thatso后常跟形容词或副词

当名词前面有many、much、few、little等限定词时，应该用so，而不能用such。There

are

so

many

books

in

the

library

that

I

don’t

know

which

one

to

choose.图书馆里有这么多书，我都不知道该选哪一本了。so...that...常与not...enoughto..或too...to...结构互换The

girl

is

so

young

that

she

can’t

go

to

school.＝The

girl

isn’t

old

enough

to

go

to

school.＝The

girl

is

too

young

to

go

to

school.

这个女孩太小了，以至于她还不能去上学。5.目的状语从句连词短语含义及用法so

that“为了；以便”，从句中常含情态动词can、could、may、might、would、should等，只能用于句中in

order

that“为了”，可与so

that互换，可用于句首或句中Heisgoingtothelectureearlysothathemaygetagoodseat.他打算早点去听讲座，以便找个好座位。Youmuststudyhardinorderthatyoucangetgoodgrades.

为了取得好成绩，你必须努力学习。当主句和从句的主语一致时，目的状语从句可用“in

order

to

do/so

as

to

do/to

do”替换，从而将复合句转换成简单句。Hegetsupearlysothathecancatchtheearlybus.＝Hegetsupearlyinorderthathecancatchtheearlybus.＝Hegetsupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegetsupearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegetsupearlytocatchtheearlybus.为了赶上早班公共汽车，他很早就起床了。6.原因状语从句连词含义及用法because“因为”，表直接原因，可回答why

提出的问题since“既然”，语气比because弱，表示众所周知的原因as“因为，由于”，语气比since弱for“因为”，位于主句之后，对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明，表示推断的理由Sinceweknoweachother，Idon’thavetomakeanintroduction.既然我们彼此认识，我就不必自我介绍了。Asyouknowhowtodealwiththeproblem，Idon’tneedtoworry.因为你知道如何处理这个问题，所以我无须担心。It

rained

last

night，for

the

ground

is

wet

this

morning.昨晚下雨了，因为今天早上地都湿了。7.方式状语从句连词(短语)含义及用法as

if/though“似乎，好像”，与事实相反时，须用虚拟语气as“正如……”，常用于句首Aswateristofish，soisairtoman.人类离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常由where、wherever引导，可位于主句之前或之后。Makemarkswhereveryouhavequestions.

在任何有问题的地方做出标记。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。9.比较状语从句比较状语从句常用as...as、than、notas/so...as...等引导。Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishaswellasyoudo.

他英语说得不如你好。

1.关系代词关系代词指代对象句中所作成分that人或物主语、宾语或表语which物主语或宾语who人主语、宾语或表语whom人宾语whose人或物定语Theboythat/who/whomyousawyesterdaycamehereagainthismorning.你昨天看见的那个男孩今天早上又来了。(1)关系词只能用that的情况①先行词为all、little、much、none、few、something、everything、anything、nothing等不定代词时；Finally，the

thief

handed

everything

that

he

had

stolen.

最终，小偷将所偷之物都上交了。②先行词前面被the

only、the

very、the

last等修饰时；This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.这正是我想买的那本字典。③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；This

is

the

most

wonderful

film

that

I

have

seen.这是我看过的最精彩的电影。④先行词既有人又有物时；They

talk

about

the

people

and

things

that

they

like

on

TV.他们谈论他们在电视上喜欢的人和事。⑤先行词前面被all、every、much、little、any、no等修饰时；All

the

people

that

are

present

burst

into

tears.所有在场的人都哭了。⑥主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most？哪件T恤衫是最适合我的？(2)关系词只能用which的情况①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。This

is

the

place

in

which

I

grew

up.

这是我长大的地方。②如果先行词本身是that或those时，只能用which。Those

which

are

on

the

desk

are

English

books.在桌子上的那些是英语书。2.关系副词关系副词指代对象句中所作成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool？你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？一、选择填空(

)1.(2025福建)—Couldyoutellme

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