11 专题十一　被动语态 学案 2025年中考英语语法精讲（人教版）

专题十一被动语态(现在完成时与含情态动词的被动语态不作为主要考查点)在英语中,动词主要有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语态。知识点1被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者或者动作的执行者是泛指(如people,one等)或者委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作的执行者Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这类书是为儿童写的。Thesongissaidtobeverypopularabroad.据说这首歌在国外很流行。Youarewishedtofinishyourhomeworkontime.希望你能按时完成家庭作业。动作的承受者是谈话的中心Theproblemwasworkedoutbyourteacher.这道题是我们老师解出来的。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在这个城市。【学以致用】 1.(2023·江苏连云港)Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees_______nextyear.

A.plant B.willplantC.areplanted D.willbeplanted2.(2023·河北)Breakfast_______everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.

A.provides B.providedC.isprovided D.wasprovided3.(2023·江苏扬州)Sandturnstoglasswhenit_______bylightning.

A.hits B.ishitC.ishitting D.willbehit4.(2022·辽宁抚顺)It’ssaidthatthekite_______inChinaover2,000yearsago.

A.invents B.inventedC.wasinvented D.isinvented5.Theworkrequiresmucheffort.Itcan’t_______inaday.

A.do B.doesC.bedone D.wasdone知识点2常见时态(含情态动词)的被动语态被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态(含情态动词)的被动语态的构成如下:时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.这间教室每天都打扫。一般过去时was/were+过去分词Ourschoolwasbuiltin1998.我们的学校是1998年建造的。一般将来时willbe+过去分词Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldtomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。现在完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词Thebankhasbeenbuilt.银行已经建成了。含情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词Thebikecan’tbeputhere.这辆自行车不能放在这里。【学以致用】 1.Lotsoftreesandflowers_______inChinaeveryyear,soourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulnow.

A.isplanted B.areplantedC.planted D.areplanting2.It’salongtime!Ican’trememberwhenthispicture_______inJinshanPark.

A.wastaken B.takesC.istaken D.took3.—Sir,Ihavetroubledoingthevoluntaryworkforthe20thGamesofJiangsuProvinceinTaizhou.—Don’tworry.Alotofsupport_______soon.

A.isoffered B.willbeofferedC.wasoffered D.wereoffered4.(2022·新疆乌鲁木齐一模)Sofar,newenergyautomobiles(汽车)_______bymoreandmorepeopleinourcity.

A.willuse B.willbeusedC.haveused D.havebeenused5.You_______throwitaway.Itcan_______.

A.needn’t;recycle B.needn’t;berecycledC.don’tneed;berecycled D.needn’t;recycling知识点3被动语态的特殊结构用法例句含有双宾语的句子的被动语态①直接宾语(物)作被动语态主语,即sth.+be+p.p.+to/forsb.②间接宾语(人)作被动语态主语,即sb.+be+p.p.+sth.Someforeignfriendsgavemethesestamps.被动:Thesestampsweregiventomebysomeforeignfriends.被动:Iwasgiventhesestampsbysomeforeignfriends.(续表)用法例句含有复合宾语(宾语补足语)的被动语态①make,have等使役动词在主动语态中后跟省to的不定式,变被动时要加to②hear,see,watch,notice等感官动词在主动语态中后跟省to的不定式,变被动时要加to或doingTheteachermadehimcopythewordsfortentimes.被动:Hewasmadetocopythewordsfortentimes.及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。如:belongto,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,comeout,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive等GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastfewyears.在过去的这些年中国发生了巨大的变化。主动形式表被动有些动词与副词well,smoothly等连用,表示事物属性和特征,用主动形式表被动含义(write,sell,wear,wash,ride,read,open,lock,shut,eat,dry,clean等)Thisshirtwasheswell.这件衬衣好洗。need,require,want,deserve,beworth后接动词-ing形式的主动结构表被动含义Yourhairneedscutting.你要理头发了。某些系动词feel,prove,smell,look,taste,sound后接形容词作表语,也用主动语态表被动含义Theseflowerssmellgood.这些花闻起来很香。 【学以致用】1.Sheismadetoclean(clea