英语国家概况1

AGuidetoEnglish-speakingCountriesMainTopicsThenecessityoflearningthiscourseHowtolearnthecoursemoreefficiently?BooksforReferenceandFurtherStudyMainTopics1.ThenecessityofleaningthiscourseTherequirementofyourmajorTEM-82.Howtolearnthecoursemoreefficiently?Pre-readingworkIn-classworkAfter-classworkMassReadingExercise丁国声.致用英语-英语国家概况[M].外语教学与研究出版社,2008.来安方.

英美文化与国家概况[M].

复旦大学出版社,2008.王恩铭.

英语国家概况[M].

上海外语教育出版社,2008.谢福之.

英语国家概况[M].

外语教学与研究出版社,2007.3.BooksforReferencesChapterOneGeography,PeopleandLanguageWhenwementiontheUK,Whatimpressesyoumost?ContentsGeography

IPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIIIIGeography

1.GeographicalFeature2.Climate3.MajorCitiesGeographicallocationTheUKisan_______country.TheUKislocatedinthe___________Europe.TheUKMapoftheUKReadthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannel(TheChannelTunnel)TheRepublicofIrelandTheofficialtitleoftheUK

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland全称的缩略：TheUnitedKingdomorTheUK简称：Britain代称：EnglandTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(theformerlyseparateEnglandandScotland,andWales.)NorthernIrelandNumeroussmallerislands

TitleandPartsoftheUK

Locationandterritory

LocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°ETotalterritory:242,910squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.

英格兰苏格兰北爱尔兰威尔士爱尔兰岛东北部

RiversandLakes

Thelongestriver:SevernRiver(354kilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(332kilometerslong)ThelargestLake:LoughNeaghThamesLakeDistrictSamuelTaylorColeridge

WilliamWordsworth

RobertSoutheyLakePoetsLakepoets

"IWanderedLonelyasaCloud"

---WilliamWordsworth

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

Lakepoets

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed---andgazed---butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.2.Climate

Maincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coldwintersandplentyrainfallThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/changeability3.MajorCities—LondonTheRiverThamesthecapitalofEnglandandofGreatBritainthepoliticalcenteroftheCommonwealthamajorportoneoftheworld'sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters.

Landmarks&SymbolsofLondon

ThepalaceofWestminsterLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonWestminsterAbbeyBigBenLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonSt.Paul'sCathedral

Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonHydeParkTowerofLondonLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonTowerBridge

BuckinghamPalaceLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonLondonEyeMajorCities—EdinburghCapitalofScotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitectureLandmarks&SymbolsofEdinburghEdinburghCastlePalaceofHolyroodMajorCities—Cardiff

Europe'syoungestcapitalcityhasbeenthecapitalcityofWalesforaround50yearshometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationhasrecentlybecomeoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom.Landmarks&SymbolsofCardiffCardiffCityHallLandmarks&SymbolsofCardiffMillenniumStadium

Cardiff

Castle

MajorCities—BelfastCityHall

thesecondlargestcitycapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccityLandmarks&SymbolsofBelfastBelfastCastle

IIPeopleOverallpopulation:over60millionsDistribution:England:about50millionScotland:over5millionWales:around3millionNorthernIreland:about1.7millionEthnicityThemajorityofthispopulationaredescendentsoftheAnglo-SaxonsMostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeopleTheIrishpeoplewerealsoCelticinoriginimmigrantsPercentageoftotalUKPopulation

EthincGroupsoftotalWhiteBritish85.7%WhiteIrish1.2%White(other)5.3%Mixedrace1.2%Indian1.8%Pakistani1.3%Bengali0.5%OtherAsian(non-Chinese)0.4%BlackCaribbean1.0%BlackAfrican0.8%Black(others)0.2%Chinese0.4%Other0.4%IIITheEnglishLanguage1.OldEnglish2.MiddleEnglish3.ModernEnglish4.StandardEnglish1.OldEnglish(5th~11th)LanguageofAngle-SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwordsBeowulfThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoem”Beowulf”(approximatelyAD900)Hwæt!WeGar-Denaingeardagum,þeodcyninga,þrymgefrunon,huðaæþelingas

ellenfremedon.OftScyldScefing

sceaþenaþreatum2.MiddleEnglish(11th~15th)StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage,andEnglishbecametheLanguageoflowerclass

pig—porksheep—muttoncattle—beefDevelopment

EnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath

TheCanterburyTales

writtenbyGeoferyChaucer,14thecenturyWhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;GeoffreyChaucer3.ModernEnglish(15th~)Theprintingpress—broughtstandardizationofEnglishSamuelJohnson’sdictionary—establishedastandardformofspellingRenaissance—assimilatedforeignwordsthroughouttheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolution—necessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfornewthingsandideasTheriseoftheBritishEmpireortheCommonwealthofNations—ledtotheassimilationofwordsfrommanyotherlanguagesOthellobyWilliamShakespeare1603La:Thointhetradeofwarre,Ihaueflainemen,YetdoeIholditveryftuftof