2025届广东省广东省两校高考临门一脚考试三模英语试题（含答案）

第第页2025届广东省广东省两校高考临门一脚考试三模英语试题一、AMadridisapopularplacetovisit.It'sacitywithlotsofdifferentthings:oldbuildingsandnewtallbuildings.HistoryMadridhasmorethan3millionpeople.Ithasareallybigpalace,thebiggestinWesternEurope.Manypeoplethinkit'sthemostbeautifulbuildinginMadrid.Thepalacehas2,800rooms,andthey'reallfancywithnicefurnitureandart.Touristscanvisit50ofthesebig,prettyrooms.ShoppingMadridhassomeofthebestshoppingmallsinEurope.Peopleliketolookforgooddealsinthestores.There'salsoahugeoutdoorfleamarketcalledtheRastro.It'sbeenaroundfor500years.Youcanfindallkindsofthingsthere,likeoldstuffandCDs.EntertainmentWhenyougotoMadrid,youshouldseeaflamencoshow.FlamencoisafamousSpanishart.Performerssing,dance,andplayguitarsinsmallcafesandbigtheaterseveryday.FoodMadridhaslotsofdifferentrestaurants,butSpanishpeopleusuallyeatdinnerlate,around9or10p.m..So,it'shardtofindgooddinnerfoodearlier.Ifyougethungrybeforethat,youcangotoatapasbar.Theyservesmallsnacks.Makesureyoutryjamon,whichisaspecialkindofham.Spainisfamousforit.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheroyalpalaceinMadrid?A．Itcanhold2,800people.B．Itoffers50roomsforvisit.C．It'sbeenvisitedby3millionpeople.D．ItisthoughttobethelargestpalaceinEurope.2．WhatistheRastrofamousfor?A．Gooddinnerfood. B．Variousgoods.C．Itsartperformances. D．Itsspeciallocation.3．WhatisamustwhentravellinginMadridaccordingtothetext?A．TouringtheRoyalPalace. B．Photographingfineartworks.C．Enjoyingflamenco. D．Tastinglightsnacks.二、BMaybenooneunderstandsthepowerofimaginationbetterthanChinesewriterLiuCixin.Untilfouryearsago,Liuwasafull-timecomputerengineeratapowerplantinShanxi.Heonlywrotesciencefictioninhisfreetime.Butitwasduringthistimethathisimaginationreallytookoff.Hedidthingshemightnevergettodoinreallife—liketravelinginspace,fightingaliens,andvisitingfarawayplanets.Evenwithsuchapowerfulimagination,Liu,whois55yearsold,probablydidn'texpectthathewouldbecomethefirstAsiantowintheHugoAwardin2015.That'sthetopprizeinsciencefiction.HemightalsohaveneverimaginedthatformerUSPresidentBarackObamawouldreadhisbookTheThree-BodyProblem,orthathewouldwinthe2018ArthurC.ClarkeAwardforImaginationinServicetoSocietyonNovember9inWashingtonDC.ThiswasthefirsttimeaChinesewriterhadeverwonthisaward.Inhisspeechwhenheacceptedtheaward,LiusaidthathisimaginationcamefromArthurC.Clarke,afamousUKsci-fiwriter.HesaidthatreadingClarke'sbook2001:ASpaceOdysseyintheearly1980schangedhislife."Mymindopenedupinawayitneverhadbefore.Ifeltlikeasmallriverfinallyseeingtheocean,"Liusaid."Thatnight,thenightskylookedcompletelydifferenttome.Forthefirsttime,Iwasamazedbyhowmysterioustheuniverseis."ButeventhoughLiu'simaginationtakeshimtofarawayplaces,hisbooksalwaysmakesense.InTheThree-BodyProblem,forexample,hetellsastoryaboutalienscomingtoEarth.Butinsteadofjustfocusingonthealiens,hetalksabouthowdifferentcivilizationsinteract,therulesofsurvival,andwhatlifemeans.Inanotherbook,TheWanderingEarth,hethinksaboutwhatwillhappenwhenoursolarsystemendsandhumansneedtofindanewhome.Butallhisideasarebasedonrealscience.Liu'sbooksaren'tjustdreams—they'regroundedinfacts.4．WhatdoweknowaboutLiuCixin?A．Hebecameafull-timewriterwhenhewasyoung.B．HeisthefirstAsiantowintheArthurClarkeAward.C．HeisthefirstChinesewinneroftheHugoAward.D．Hedreamedaboutwanderinginspacefromchildhood.5．LiuCixin'swordsareusedmainlytoshow________.A．hisfeelingafterreadingClarke'sworkB．hisloveofreadingsciencefictionC．hisinterestinmysteriesoftheuniverseD．hisconfusionwhenhestartedwriting6．WhydidtheauthormentionTheThree-BodyProblemandTheWanderingEarth?A．ToprovethatLiuCixinˈsworksrelatesciencetoreality.B．ToexplainhowLiuCixincameupwithhisideas.C．ToshowthatLiuCixinhasapowerfulimagination.D．Tocomparethedifferentwritingstylesinthetwobooks.7．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．LiuCixin'scontributionstosciencefiction.B．LiuCixin'sachievementsandwritingstyle.C．HowLiuCixinbecameasci-fiwriter.D．HowLiuCixinstartedanewsci-fistyle.三、CRolemodelsareimportantforinspiringscientists,butnewresearchshowsthatscientistswhoworkhardaremoreinspiringthanthosewhoseemnaturallysmart.Inafewstudies,researchersfoundthatyoungpeoplearemoremotivatedbyscientistswhosesuccesscomesfromhardworkthanthosewhoseemnaturallybrilliant,evenifthatscientistisAlbertEinstein.DanfeiHu,astudentatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,andJanetN.Ann,aprofessoratWilliamPatersonUniversity,saidtheirfindingscouldhelpexplainwhatittakestosucceedinscience.Theirresearchwasrecentlypublishedinasciencejournal.Manystudentswanttostudyscienceinschool,butsomegiveuponsciencecareersaftercollege.Tohelpwiththisproblem,HuandAnnlookedatrolemodels,whocanshowstudentswhatgoalstoaimforandhowtoachievethem.Theresearchersdidtwostudies,onewith176peopleandtheotherwith162people.Inthefirststudy,everyonereadthesamestoryaboutascientist'sstruggles.HalfweretolditwasaboutEinstein,andtheotherhalfweretolditwasaboutThomasEdison.Eventhoughthestorieswerethesame,peoplethoughtEinstein'ssuccesswasbecausehewasagenius.ButthosewhothoughtthestorywasaboutEdisonweremoremotivatedtosolvemathproblems.Husaid,"PeopleusuallyseeEinsteinasagenius,andtheythinkhissuccessisbecausehewassupertalented."ButEdisonisknownfortryingover1,000timestomakethelightbulb,andhissuccessislinkedtohardwork.Huadded,"Ifstudentsknowthathardworkcanleadtogreatthings,they'llbemoreconfidentinpursuingsciencecareers."8．Whatkindofscientistismoreinspiring?A．Thosewhomadeimportantdiscoveries.B．Thosewhowerebornwithagift.C．Thosewhoareviewedasgreatinventors.D．Thosewhoarefamousfortheirhardwork.9．Whatistheconcerninthesciencecommunity?A．Thestudentswilldropoutofschoolsoon.B．Therearefewerrolemodelsforstudentstofollow.C．Fewerstudentswillcontinuetoworkonscience.D．Somescientistscannotgivestudentsspecificgoals.10．Whyweresomeparticipantsmotivatedtocompleteaseriesofmathsproblems?A．TheyknewtheproblemsweregivenbyEdison.B．Theybelievedtheycouldsolvetheproblemsbyworkinghard.C．TheybelievedtheywereasintelligentasEinstein.D．TheyknewtheyweretoworktogetherwithEinsteinandEdison.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EinsteinIsLessEncouragingthanEdisonB．Einstein'sSuccessStoryC．HowtoBeaGreatScientistD．Edison'sAchievementsAreGreater四、DWhenwe'relittle,welearnthattigersandsharksarescaryanimals.They'rebigandstrong,sowemightbeafraidofthem.Butaswegrowup,wefindoutthatsometimesthesmallestanimalscanbethemostdangerous.Infact,theanimalthathurtsthemostpeopleisoneweallknow:themosquito.Notallmosquitoesbitepeople.Malemosquitoeseatnectarfromplants.Butfemalemosquitoesneedanimalblood.Whenafemalemosquitobitesaperson,itputsitssalivaintotheperson'sblood.Thissalivamighthaveadeadlydiseaseinit.Sometimesthebitejustmakesyouitch,butothertimesitcanbeveryseriousandevencausedeath.Mosquitoesbitealotofpeopleintheirlives.Theycaneasilyspreaddiseasesfromonepersontoanother.Everyyear,over700millionpeoplegetsickfromthesediseases,andatleast2millionpeoplediefromthem.Somepeopleusemosquitonetsovertheirbedstokeepmosquitoesaway.Mosquitoesalsohavenaturalenemieslikebats,birds,dragonflies,andsomefish.Ifwebringmoreoftheseanimalstoplaceswheremosquitoeslive,itmighthelpreducethenumberofmosquitoes.Butthisdoesn'talwaysworkwell.Wecanalsousespraysorpoisonstokillmosquitoes,butthesecanhurtotherplantsoranimalstoo.Eventhoughmosquitoesdon'tlookasscaryasbiganimals,they'reactuallymoredangeroustopeople.Butthingsarechanging.Scientistsareworkinghard,andonedaytheymightfindawaytoprotecteveryonefrommosquitoesandthediseasestheycarry.12．Whydoesthepassagementiondangerousanimalsliketigersandsharks?A．Tocomparedifferentanimals.B．Toleadintothetopicaboutmosquitoes.C．Toshowhowdangeroustigersandsharksare.D．Toshowpeople'smisunderstandingofdangerousanimals.13．Whatcanwelearnaboutmosquitoes?A．Femalemosquitoesmighttransmitdiseasestohumans.B．Thesalivaoffemalemosquitoescontainsdeadlydiseases.C．Malemosquitoesandfemalemosquitoeshavethesameeatinghabits.D．Morethan700millionpeoplediefromthediseasescarriedbythemosquitoes.14．What'sparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Scientistsaremakingeffortstokillmosquitoes.B．Someusefulmeasuresaretakentokillmosquitoes.C．Thereisnoperfectsolutiontothemosquitoproblem.D．Mosquitoes'naturalenemiescouldprotecthumanbeings.15．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofsolvingthemosquitoproblem?A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Negative.五、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。Inahighly-connectedworldwhereyourphoneisalwayswithyou,informationisbeingcollectedandsharedeverysecond."Sowhat?"yousay."Ihavenothingtohide."16．Accordingtosomeexperts,peoplemaynotunderstandthescope(范围)oftheproblem.Theproblemisthatwhilecompaniesanddatabrokersarehoveringupalltheinformationtheycan,therearenolawsgoverningwhattheycandowiththatinformation.17．Someoneknowingthatyouorderedthreeextra-largepizzasfordinnerlastFridaynightmayseemharm-lessenough,butthere'sadeeperprincipleatplay.18．AscyberexpertBruceSchneiersays,"Privacyisabasichumanright,andarequirementformaintainingthehumanconditionwithdignityandrespect."19．Weclick"IAgree"withoutreadingtheuseragreements.Wesaywewilldooneofthoseprivacycheckupsoneday.butweneverquitegetaroundtoit.Andthatmeansyourpersonalinformationcouldbeusedagainstyouinthefutureinwaysyoucan'timaginetoday.Sowhatcanyoudotoprotectyourself?20．Ifyou'reworriedaboutyourpersonalinformationgettinglifted,don'thandoveryourname,address,orphonenumbereasily.Besides,chooseapaperreceiptornoreceiptratherthangettingoneviatextore-mail.Tostopyourphoneactingasatracker,alsoturnoffLocationServicesforallappsexceptmapsandothersthatexpresslyneedtoknowwhereyouare.Youcandothisinsettings,underPrivacyandLocation.A.Don'tbesosure.B.Yetwedolittletoblockthespies.C.Careaboutwhoownsandcontrolsthedata.D.Wedon'twanttopreventallInternetspying.E.Privacyisnotjustaboutfreedomfromembarrassment.F.Youcanminimizesomeunwantedspyingbytakingthesemeasures.G.Thatincludesthingsyouthoughtwereprivate,suchasyourhealthdata,beliefsanddailyhabits.六、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。DuringmyfreshmanyearatBrooklynCollege,creditcardcompanieswereeagertoearnthebusinessofstudents.21．byvariousrewardsprogramsthatonlytoldpartofthestory,manystudentssignedupforoneormorecardswithoutunderstandingthe22．oflatepayment.23．basicfinancialliteracy(金融素养)meantmanycollegestudentsstartedofftheiradultliveswithpoorcredit.24．,theyfacedchallengeslaterinlifewhentheyneededtoborrowmoneybutcouldn't25．alow-interestloan.Poorcredit26．mepastcollegeandyearsintomyteachingcareer.Thathasfueledmysenseof27．toteachthenextgenerationofstudentsaboutpersonalfinance.It'swhyIhelpeddevelopapersonalfinancecourseforteensandyoungadults.Tomaketheclassas28．aspossible,weaskedthestudentswhat29．interestedthem.Theywerecurioustoknowaboutbuyinghomesandcars.Ourcourse,intendedforthoseagedbetween14and21,hasthem30．questions:HowmuchdoIneedtosavetomakethesepurchases?WhichpurchasesdoIprioritize?We,educators,canhelpyoungpeople31．lifeaftergraduation,astherearemanygreat32．anddevelopingourcoursewas33．thanIhadexpected,whichiswhyIhopemoreschoolsandyouthorganizationswillofferfinancialeducation.Financialliteracyshouldn'tbeoptionalbecauseitputsthosewithoutitatasignificant34．.Andifmy35．asastudentandaneducatorhavetaughtmeanything,it'sthatnooneshouldhavetolearnimportantfinanciallessonsthehardway.21．A．Attracted B．Sponsored C．Required D．Dominated22．A．conditions B．benefits C．consequences D．processes23．A．Displaying B．Maintaining C．Abandoning D．Lacking24．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Instead25．A．secure B．guarantee C．request D．settle26．A．turned B．guided C．followed D．tricked27．A．independence B．responsibility C．achievement D．identity28．A．touching B．surprising C．engaging D．inspiring29．A．words B．titles C．courses D．topics30．A．posing B．considering C．examining D．tackling31．A．searchfor B．payfor C．preparefor D．carefor32．A．questions B．paths C．examples D．resources33．A．easier B．cheaper C．safer D．stricter34．A．distance B．disadvantage C．point D．corner35．A．duties B．abilities C．ambitions D．experiences七、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TherewereagreatvarietyoflampsinancientChina.TheChangxinPalaceLampis36．invaluabletreasure,whichisconsideredas"thefirstlampofChina".Thegold-platedbronzelamptakestheshapeofamaidonherknees37．(hold)alamp.Thelampplateisonherlefthand,whiletherighthand,coveredbyhersleeve,38．(carry)thelampshade.Thebrightnessofthelampanddirectionofthelightcanbeadjustedwithahandlewhichcontrolstwomovableshades.39．(amaze),thelampmakesuseofthesiphonprinciple(虹吸原理),withtheashflowingthroughthemaid'srightarmintoherbody40．thewaterisstored.Suchdesigncanreducedustandpreventthelampfrompollutingtheindoorair.Apartfromthat,thesix-componentlampcanallbetakenapart,andiseasy41．(clean).The2022BeijingWinterOlympicFlameLantern42．(inspire)bytheChangxinPalaceLamp.Itusestransparentdoubleglassandahiddenchanneltoreducecarbondeposition(沉积物),whichisaperfect43．(combine)ofgreeninitiativeandtheOlympicspirit.ThedelicateChangxinPalaceLampprovidedaninsight44．China'sgloriouspast,displayingthewisdomofancientChinesecraftsmen,aswellasChina's45．(remark)achievementsinscienceandtechnology2,000yearsago.Thesculpture,vividandelegantbeautywork,stillglittersnow.八、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。46．假定你是李华，你马上就要高考了，心里非常紧张，请你给你写一封电子邮件，安慰自己，内容包括：1.不要紧张；2.建议；3.加油鼓励。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________九、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。MyDad'sBestFlowerIremembermyfirsthomewasasmallapartmentonthesecondfloorwithalovelyandspaciousbalcony.Whenmymomwasbusyinthekitchen,sheletmestayonthebalconywatchingthekidsplayinginthestreet.OnthatbalconyIplayedsometimeswithmyeldersister,Maria.Shewassevenyearsoldandwhenmymomwasabsent,shewaslikeamothertome.Thebalconywasagreathobbyplaceformyfather.Afterhisworkheusedtogrowcarnations(康乃馨)inflowerboxes.Hiscarnationswerered,pinkandwhite,andeveryoneappreciatedthemfortheirbeauty.Hetookcareofthemwithsomuchloveanddevotion.Hedealtcarefullywithhisflowerslikeamothertakingcareofherbaby.ManytimesIsatonthefloorofthebalconyforhoursobservinghimandhislovelyflowerswithpatience.Hewasalwaysdoingsomethingonthatbalcony.Hewaswateringthemeveryday,cleaningthebalconyfloor,changingthepottingsoilandwhenthestemswerethick,strongandhighenough,hestartedhisimprovementoperationattentivelylikeadoctor.Mydadtookatinyknifeandwithhislefthandheheldthestemofthecarnationandmeasuredtheheight.Thenhemadeasmallmarkonthestemwithhisfinger.Afterwardshemadeasharpcutwiththeknife,justenoughtofitinagainofbarley(插穗的芽).Thenhebandagedthestemwithasmallbandage.Hisjobwasthentowatertheplantsandtotakecareofthem."Nooneshouldtouchthem,"hesaidtoMom.Everyday,whenhecamehomefromworkhewentstraighttothebalcony.Momusedtotellus,"DonottouchDaddy'sflowers."Forusitwasafascinatingexperiencetowatchhowthesmallstemsweregrowingandmakingflowers.Whenthecarnationshadgrownbigenough,mydadenjoyedwatchingthemeveryday.Wethekidsdidtoo.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1：Oneday,myeldersister,wholovedDadverymuch,hadagreatidea._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Whenmydadarrived,hewentasusual,straighttothebalconyandsawhisflowerslyingonthefloorlikedeadanimals._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，马德里是一个热门的旅游胜地，它既有古老建筑也有新的高楼大厦。文中从历史、购物、娱乐和美食四个方面介绍了这座城市：马德里人口超300万，拥有西欧最大的宫殿，宫殿内2800个房间装饰精美，游客可参观其中50个；马德里有欧洲顶尖的购物中心，还有一个有500年历史的巨大露天跳蚤市场；游客在马德里应观看弗拉门戈表演，这是西班牙著名的艺术形式；马德里餐馆众多，但西班牙人晚餐较晚，若提前饿了可去tapas酒吧吃小吃，一定要尝尝西班牙著名的特色火腿jamon。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．细节理解题。根据History部分中的"Thepalacehas2,800rooms,andthey'reallfancywithnicefurnitureandart.Touristscanvisit50ofthesebig,prettyrooms."这座宫殿有2800间房间，全都装饰精美，摆放着漂亮的家具和艺术品。游客可以参观其中50间宽敞漂亮的房间。可知，马德里皇宫提供50间房间供游客参观。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据Shopping部分中的"There'salsoahugeoutdoorfleamarketcalledtheRastro.It'sbeenaroundfor500years.Youcanfindallkindsofthingsthere,likeoldstuffandCDs."还有一个巨大的户外跳蚤市场，叫做Rastro，已经存在了500年。你可以在那里找到各种各样的东西，比如旧物和CD。可知，Rastro跳蚤市场以商品种类繁多闻名。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Entertainment部分中的"WhenyougotoMadrid,youshouldseeaflamencoshow.FlamencoisafamousSpanishart."当你去马德里时，应该看一场弗拉门戈表演。弗拉门戈是著名的西班牙艺术。可知，在马德里旅行时，欣赏弗拉门戈表演是必做之事。故选C。【答案】4．C5．A6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，中国作家刘慈欣或许是最能理解想象力力量的人。他本职是山西电厂的计算机工程师，业余写科幻小说，在此期间他借助想象力体验了现实中难以实现之事。尽管想象力丰富，55岁的他或许也未曾料到自己会成为首位获得雨果奖（科幻界最高奖项）的亚洲人，也没想到奥巴马会读他的《三体》，还于2018年11月9日在华盛顿获阿瑟·C·克拉克奖（首位获此奖的中国作家）。刘慈欣称其想象力源于英国科幻作家阿瑟·C·克拉克，20世纪80年代初读其《2001：太空漫游》改变了他的人生。不过，刘慈欣的想象虽天马行空，但作品内容合理，以真实科学为基础，并非单纯的幻想。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及他推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Liu,whois55yearsold,probablydidn'texpectthathewouldbecomethefirstAsiantowintheHugoAwardin2015.That'sthetopprizeinsciencefiction."55岁的刘慈欣可能没想到，自己会在2015年成为首位获得雨果奖的亚洲人。这是科幻领域的最高奖项。可知，刘慈欣是首位获得雨果奖的亚洲人。可推知，他是第一位获得该项的中国人。故选C。5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"HesaidthatreadingClarke'sbook2001:ASpaceOdysseyintheearly1980schangedhislife."他说，20世纪80年代初阅读克拉克的《2001太空漫游》改变了他的人生；以及第四段中的"‘Mymindopenedupinawayitneverhadbefore.Ifeltlikeasmallriverfinallyseeingtheocean,'Liusaid.‘Thatnight,thenightskylookedcompletelydifferenttome.Forthefirsttime,Iwasamazedbyhowmysterioustheuniverseis.'""我的思维以一种前所未有的方式打开了，感觉就像一条小河终于见到了大海。"刘说，"那天晚上，夜空在我眼中完全变了样。我第一次惊叹于宇宙是如此神秘。"可知，引用刘慈欣的话是为了展示他阅读克拉克作品后的感受。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据第五段中的"InTheThree-BodyProblem,forexample,hetellsastoryaboutalienscomingtoEarth.Butinsteadofjustfocusingonthealiens,hetalksabouthowdifferentcivilizationsinteract,therulesofsurvival,andwhatlifemeans.Inanotherbook,TheWanderingEarth,hethinksaboutwhatwillhappenwhenoursolarsystemendsandhumansneedtofindanewhome.Butallhisideasarebasedonrealscience.Liu'sbooksaren'tjustdreams—they'regroundedinfacts."例如，在《三体》中，他讲述了一个外星人来到地球的故事。但他并没有仅仅聚焦于外星人，而是探讨了不同文明如何互动、生存的法则以及生命的意义。在另一部作品《流浪地球》中，他思考了当太阳系终结、人类需要寻找新家园时将会发生什么。但他所有的想法都基于真实的科学。刘的作品并非只是空想——它们是建立在事实基础之上的。可知，作者提及这两部作品是为了证明刘慈欣的作品将科学与现实相结合。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的"Evenwithsuchapowerfulimagination,Liu,whois55yearsold,probablydidn'texpectthathewouldbecomethefirstAsiantowintheHugoAwardin2015.HemightalsohaveneverimaginedthatformerUSPresidentBarackObamawouldreadhisbookTheThree-BodyProblem,orthathewouldwinthe2018ArthurC.ClarkeAwardforImaginationinServicetoSocietyonNovember9inWashingtonDC.ThiswasthefirsttimeaChinesewriterhadeverwonthisaward."即使拥有如此强大的想象力，55岁的刘（慈欣）或许也未曾想到，自己会在2015年成为首位斩获雨果奖的亚洲人。他或许也从未想过，美国前总统巴拉克・奥巴马会阅读他的《三体》，亦或是自己会于11月9日在华盛顿特区斩获2018年亚瑟・C・克拉克奖"社会服务想象力奖"。这是中国作家首次获得该奖项)"等信息介绍刘慈欣的成就，并通过其作品内容及第三段中的"Inhisspeechwhenheacceptedtheaward,LiusaidthathisimaginationcamefromArthurC.Clarke,afamousUKsci-fiwriter."在获奖致辞中，刘表示他的想象力源自英国著名科幻作家阿瑟・C・克拉克；以及第五段中的"InTheThree-BodyProblem,forexample,hetellsastoryaboutalienscomingtoEarth.Butinsteadofjustfocusingonthealiens,hetalksabouthowdifferentcivilizationsinteract,therulesofsurvival,andwhatlifemeans.Inanotherbook,TheWanderingEarth,hethinksaboutwhatwillhappenwhenoursolarsystemendsandhumansneedtofindanewhome.Butallhisideasarebasedonrealscience.Liu'sbooksaren'tjustdreams—they'regroundedinfacts."例如，在《三体》中，他讲述了一个外星人来到地球的故事。但他并没有仅仅聚焦于外星人，而是探讨了不同文明如何互动、生存的法则以及生命的意义。在另一部作品《流浪地球》中，他思考了当太阳系终结、人类需要寻找新家园时将会发生什么。但他所有的想法都基于真实的科学。刘的作品并非只是空想——它们是建立在事实基础之上的。等描述分析其写作风格可知，本文主旨为刘慈欣的成就与写作风格。故选B。【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新研究表明，努力工作的科学家比看似天资聪慧的科学家更具激励性。宾夕法尼亚州立大学学生DanfeiHu和威廉帕特森大学教授JanetN.Ann称其研究结果有助于解释在科学领域取得成功需要什么。许多学生想学科学，但部分人大学毕业后放弃科学职业，为解决这一问题，二人研究了榜样对学生的激励作用。他们做了两项研究，在第一项研究中，尽管故事相同，但认为故事主角是爱迪生的人比认为是爱因斯坦的人更有动力去解决数学问题。Hu表示，若学生知道努力工作能取得伟大成就，他们在追求科学职业时会更有信心。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．细节理解题。根据第二段"Inafewstudies,researchersfoundthatyoungpeoplearemoremotivatedbyscientistswhosesuccesscomesfromhardworkthanthosewhoseemnaturallybrilliant,evenifthatscientistisAlbertEinstein."在几项研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人更容易被那些成功源于努力的科学家所激励，而非那些看似天赋异禀的科学家——即便那位科学家是阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦。可知，以努力工作闻名的科学家更具激励性。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Manystudentswanttostudyscienceinschool,butsomegiveuponsciencecareersaftercollege.Tohelpwiththisproblem,HuandAnnlookedatrolemodels"许多学生在学校想学习科学，但有些人在大学后放弃了科学职业。为了解决这个问题，Hu和Ann研究了榜样的作用。可知，科学界关注的问题是更少学生继续从事科学工作。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第五段中的"HalfweretolditwasaboutEinstein,andtheotherhalfweretolditwasaboutThomasEdison.Eventhoughthestorieswerethesame,peoplethoughtEinstein'ssuccesswasbecausehewasagenius.ButthosewhothoughtthestorywasaboutEdisonweremoremotivatedtosolvemathproblems."一半人被告知故事主角是爱因斯坦，另一半人则被告知是托马斯・爱迪生。尽管故事内容完全相同，但人们认为爱因斯坦的成功源于他是天才。而那些认为故事主角是爱迪生的人，更有动力去解决数学问题；以及第六段中的"Edisonisknownfortryingover1,000timestomakethelightbulb,andhissuccessislinkedtohardwork."爱迪生因尝试1000多次制造灯泡而闻名，他的成功与努力工作息息相关。可知，参与者因相信爱迪生的成功源于努力，从而认为自己通过努力也能解决数学问题，因此更有动力。故选B。11．标题归纳题。根据第一段"Rolemodelsareimportantforinspiringscientists,butnewresearchshowsthatscientistswhoworkhardaremoreinspiringthanthosewhoseemnaturallysmart."榜样对于激励科学家至关重要，但最新研究表明，努力工作的科学家比那些看似天赋异禀的科学家更具激励作用；以及下文介绍的两项研究的对比可知，在激励年轻人方面，代表"努力"的爱迪生比代表"天赋"的爱因斯坦更有效，核心结论为"努力型科学家比天赋型更具鼓舞性"，可推知"爱因斯坦不如爱迪生鼓舞人心"以对比形式概括了文章主题，适合作为标题。故选A。【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们小时候认为老虎和鲨鱼等大型动物很可怕，但长大后发现最小的动物有时最危险，伤害人类最多的动物是蚊子。并非所有蚊子都咬人，雌蚊吸血且唾液可能携带致命疾病，它们能轻易在人与人之间传播疾病，每年导致超7亿人患病、至少200万人死亡。人们采用蚊帐、引入蚊子的天敌、使用喷雾或毒药等方式防蚊，但各有弊端。尽管蚊子看起来不如大型动物可怕，却对人类更危险，不过科学家正在努力寻找保护人类免受蚊子及其携带疾病侵害的方法。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中"Whenwe'relittle,welearnthattigersandsharksarescaryanimals.They'rebigandstrong,sowemightbeafraidofthem.Butaswegrowup,wefindoutthatsometimesthesmallestanimalscanbethemostdangerous.Infact,theanimalthathurtsthemostpeopleisoneweallknow:themosquito."当我们小的时候，我们知道老虎和鲨鱼是可怕的动物。它们又大又壮，所以我们可能会害怕它们。但随着我们长大，我们发现有时最小的动物可能是最危险的。事实上，伤害人类最多的动物是我们都知道的：蚊子。可知，开篇提及老虎、鲨鱼是为了通过"大型动物看似危险"与"蚊子微小却更致命"的反差，自然引出核心话题蚊子。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Whenafemalemosquitobitesaperson,itputsitssalivaintotheperson'sblood.Thissalivamighthaveadeadlydiseaseinit.Sometimesthebitejustmakesyouitch,butothertimesitcanbeveryseriousandevencausedeath."当雌蚊子叮咬一个人时，它会将唾液放入人的血液中。唾液里可能有致命的疾病。有时被咬只会让你发痒，但有时会非常严重，甚至会导致死亡。可知，雌性蚊子可能会把疾病传染给人类。故选A。14．段落大意题。根据第四段"Somepeopleusemosquitonetsovertheirbedstokeepmosquitoesaway.Mosquitoesalsohavenaturalenemieslikebats,birds,dragonflies,andsomefish.Ifwebringmoreoftheseanimalstoplaceswheremosquitoeslive,itmighthelpreducethenumberofmosquitoes.Butthisdoesn'talwaysworkwell.Wecanalsousespraysorpoisonstokillmosquitoes,butthesecanhurtotherplantsoranimalstoo."有些人在床上使用蚊帐来驱赶蚊子。蚊子也有天敌，比如蝙蝠、鸟、蜻蜓和一些鱼。如果我们把更多的这些动物带到蚊子生活的地方，可能有助于减少蚊子的数量。但这并不总是奏效。我们也可以使用喷雾剂或毒药来杀死蚊子，但这些也会伤害其他植物或动物。可知，第四段主要讲的是对于蚊子的问题没有完美的解决办法。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Scientistsareworkinghard,andonedaytheymightfindawaytoprotecteveryonefrommosquitoesandthediseasestheycarry."科学家们正在努力工作，有一天他们可能会找到一种方法来保护每个人免受蚊子和它们携带的疾病的侵害。可推知，作者对未来解决蚊子问题的态度是积极的。故选B。【答案】16．A；17．G；18．E；19．B；20．F【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，在高度互联的世界中，信息每秒都在被收集和共享，尽管有人认为自己无可隐藏，但专家指出人们可能未意识到问题的严重性。目前缺乏法律规范公司及数据经纪人对所收集信息的用途，这可能侵犯个人隐私，而隐私是基本人权，关乎维护人的尊严与尊重。人们常忽视用户协议、拖延隐私检查，这可能导致个人信息在未来被以难以想象的方式利用。为保护自己，人们应谨慎提供个人信息，选择纸质或无收据，并关闭非必要应用的定位服务。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Inahighly-connectedworldwhereyourphoneisalwayswith