2026年高考英语终极冲刺：压轴题03 阅读理解CD篇（社会文化研究报告类）（解析版）

3/17压轴题03阅读理解C、D篇命题预测分析近年高考英语阅读理解C、D篇命题规律，社会文化研究报告类说明文是必考压轴题材，选材多来自英美权威报刊、社会研究、高校调研、心理学报告，聚焦社会现象、心理效应、文化观念、生活方式、群体行为、教育研究等。文章逻辑性强、数据与观点交织、长难句密集，侧重考查信息定位、逻辑推理、观点态度、主旨概括等高阶思维。2026年高考仍会高频考查，命题更贴近青年生活、社会热点、心理认知、文化冲突，强调辩证思考与现实关联。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题主旨大意题观点态度/写作意图题社会文化研究报告类基本规律及解题要领高考社会文化类阅读多无标题，结构严谨、论证清晰，一般分为四部分：首段：用生活案例/社会现象引出研究主题、心理现象、文化问题或社会趋势。背景/研究介绍：交代现象成因、研究目的、调查对象、数据来源。主干：呈现研究结果、数据支撑、专家观点、原因分析、正反观点。结尾：总结结论、给出建议、展望影响、反思社会/个人启示。二、社会文化研究报告类解题技巧1.抓语篇结构，快速锁定主旨用略读法速读首尾段+各段首句，圈出study/research/phenomenon/survey等标志词。社会文化类文章常见行文逻辑：现象解释型：引出现象→分析原因→阐述影响→给出对策研究说明型：研究目的→实验/调查过程→数据结果→结论/启示观点辩证型：大众看法→专家观点→作者态度→总结反思2.定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理优先定位：人名、机构、年份、数据、研究名称、转折词。长难句处理：先抓主句主干，剥离定语、状语、插入语，不被细节干扰。答案原则：原文同义替换/合理归纳，不加入个人常识判断。3.重点关注研究结论与专家引语文中researchers/experts/psychologists/scientists的表述，是观点题、推理题题眼。态度词常见：concerned/supportive/critical/optimistic/objective/doubtful。4.紧盯转折逻辑，抓住作者真正意图社会文化类高频转折词：however/but/yet/while/although/onthecontrary转折后往往是研究核心、真实问题、作者立场，是命题高频区。5.熟悉选项陷阱，快速排除干扰正确选项：原文信息同义改写、概括全面、符合研究结论。干扰项：张冠李戴（把A的观点安到B）偷梁换柱（改变程度、范围、对象）无中生有（原文未提及）以偏概全（用局部细节代替全文主旨）6.标题归纳技巧（社会文化类专用）必须包含核心现象/研究主题（如DiderotEffect、loneliness、JohariWindow）。范围适中，不夸大、不片面。常见格式：现象/研究+影响/启示/原因。01社会文化研究报告类1.（2026·广西·一模）Elainerecentlyboughtagorgeousstained-glassstatementmirroronanonlinemarketplace,andthenshefoundshewasrearrangingherentirebedroomtomatchitsluxuriousaesthetic(美感)andcolorscheme.Shedidn’thaveabedroomredesigninherbudget,butthatwasn’tstoppingher.Haveyoueverupdatedonethinginyourhomeandsuddenlyfoundyourselfwithalaundrylistofchangesyouwanttomake?ThisphenomenoniscalledtheDiderotEffect.ThephenomenongotitsnamefromFrenchphilosopherDenisDiderot.In1769,Diderotpennedanessaydescribingthereceiptofanewdressinggown,whichsparkedaseriesofimpulsive(易冲动的)purchasesthatsankhimintodebt—andthuslendinghisnametothispsychologicalphenomenon.Thisisn’tjustaconsequenceof18th-centurybehavior,though.TheDideroteffectisaliveandwelltoday.Don’tbetoohardonyourselfifyoufallvictimtotheDideroteffect.PsychotherapistDr.DarylAppletonsaysit’saveryhumanresponse,similartothefeelingwhenyouputonbrand-newclothes,butthenwearyourworn-outshoes—themismatchisuncomfortable.What’shappeningbeneaththesurfaceispartlyneurological(神经学的).Whenweseeksomethingnew,ourbrainreleasesmoredopamine,oftencalledour“pleasurechemical”thatdrivesdesire.So,thatrushyoufeelwhenyoustartfixingthethingsaroundtheshinynewobjectisnotjustaesthetics;it’sbrainchemistry.We’reborntolongfornovelthings.TheDiderotEffectcanshowupanywherefromyourclosettoyourcareer.TherapistDr.AlfonsoFergusonsays,“Often,what’sreallyhappeningunderneathisadesiretofeelinharmonywithone’sspace—tofinallyfeelasenseofpride,peace,orevensafetythatmayhavebeenmissinginotherpartsoflife.”It’snotalwaysabadthingtowantyourspacetoprogresswithyou.Butifitstartstofeelcompulsive,itcanbeprettydifficulttoescapethecycle.You’llkeepchasingthenextupgrade.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toanalysereasons.B.Tomakeacomparison.C.Toleadinthetopic.D.Topresentviewpoints.2.WhatisthemotivationbehindtheDiderotEffectaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Anattempttoescapestressfromone’swork.B.Adesiretoachieveharmonyinone’slife.C.Arushtoshowoffone’swealth.D.Abiologicalurgetoseeknovelty.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compulsive”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Unrealistic.B.Uncontrollable.C.Adaptable.D.Casual.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhenOneNewThingChangesEverythingB.ThePsychologyBehindChasingHarmonyC.HowOurDailyNeedsHelpFuelEndlessPurchaseD.TheScienceofHoldingBackEndlessConsumption【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以生活化案例切入，结合历史典故、神经科学与心理学分析，系统解析“狄德罗效应”这一普遍心理现象。【1题详解】推理判断题。第一段通过Elaine购买镜子后重新布置卧室的具体事例，引出“ThisphenomenoniscalledtheDiderotEffect.(这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”，从而自然过渡到文章主题——狄德罗效应。这种以具体故事开头的写法是为了引入话题。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Whenweseeksomethingnew,ourbrainreleasesmoredopamine,oftencalledour‘pleasurechemical’thatdrivesdesire.So,thatrushyoufeelwhenyoustartfixingthethingsaroundtheshinynewobjectisnotjustaesthetics;it’sbrainchemistry.We’reborntolongfornovelthings.(当我们寻求新事物时，大脑会释放更多多巴胺，这种物质常被称为“快乐化学物质”，它会驱动欲望。所以，当你开始为闪亮的新物品搭配周边事物时感受到的冲动，不仅仅是审美需求，更是大脑化学反应的结果。我们生来就渴望新奇事物)”可知，狄德罗效应的动机是寻求新奇事物的生理冲动。故选D项。【3题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Butifitstartstofeelcompulsive,itcanbeprettydifficulttoescapethecycle.You’llkeepchasingthenextupgrade.(但如果这种感觉开始变得compulsive，就很难摆脱这个循环。你会不断地追求下一次升级)”可知，如果这种感觉变得“compulsive”，就会难以逃脱循环，不断追求下一次升级，暗示失去控制的状态。因此“compulsive”意为“无法控制的”，与Uncontrollable意义一致。故选B项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“Haveyoueverupdatedonethinginyourhomeandsuddenlyfoundyourselfwithalaundrylistofchangesyouwanttomake?ThisphenomenoniscalledtheDiderotEffect.(你有没有过这样的经历：家里更新了一件东西，突然发现自己有一长串想要做的改变？这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”可知，文章主要讲一件新事物如何引发连锁变化，即狄德罗效应。A项“WhenOneNewThingChangesEverything(当一件新事物改变一切)”准确概括了这一核心内容，既形象又全面。故选A项。2.（2026·山西·联考）Downtimeisanessentialpartoflife.Ithelpsustobehealthier,moreproductiveandmorecreative.Yet,somehow,weoftenlosesightofthis.Manyofusfeelwe’rewastingtimeifwearen’tgettingthingsdone,butresearchpointstothecostsofalwaysbeing“on”.Ourbrainsaren’tbuilttohandleconstantactivities.“Downtimeisimportantnotonlyforourbody,butforourmind,”saysElisaEpel,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia.Shortpauses—whetheryoutakeafewbreathsbeforeenteringaroomorwalkthroughthewoodsfor10minutes—canleadtonecessaryself-reflection.Ifwe’realwaysgettingonwiththingsorkeepingbusy,wewon’thavetimetoexaminewhetherwhatwe’redoingismeaningful.“Well-establishedresearchhasshownthatlow-leveldailystresscancreatesuchintensewearandtearonourbody’sphysiologicalsystemsthatweseefasteraginginourcells,”saysEpel.“Mindfulness-basedinterventionscanslowbiologicalagingbyinterruptinglong-lastingstress,givingourbodiesabreak.”In2021,whenmanyAmericanswereworkingremotely,Microsoftconductedastudythatfollowedtwogroupsofpeople:Thefirsthadback-to-backvideo-conferencing,andtheothergrouptook10-minutebreaksbetweenmeetings.Microsoftmonitoredbrainactivityof14participantsinthestudy.“Inthefirstgroup,whatyouseeisabrainthat’sfilledwithcortisolandadrenaline,chemicalsthatareusuallyproducedwhenpeopleareunderstressoranxious,”saysCelesteHeadlee,ajournalistandauthorofDoNothing:HowtoBreakAwayFromOverworking,Overdoing,andUnderliving.“It’stired,it’sstressed,andit’sprobablylesssympathetic.Theothergroup?Youcanseeinbrilliantcolorwhatadifferencethebreaksmake,”shesays.“Thosearebrainsthatarerelaxed.”“MostAmericansthinkofdowntimeassomethingthathastobeearnedonlyafterwe’vedoneallofourproductivetasks,”saysAmberChilds,apsychologistandassociateprofessoratYaleSchoolofMedicine’sDepartmentofPsychiatry.Butresearchwouldsuggesttheopposite:Downtimeisabasichumanneed.5.Whatattitudedopeopleusuallyholdtowardsdowntime?A.Dismissive. B.Favorable. C.Neutral. D.Unclear.6.Whatdoesparagraph2emphasize?A.Therichvarietyofdowntime. B.Thefunctionofbriefpauses.C.Theeffectofself-reflection. D.Thepotentialriskofbusyness.7.WhatcanwelearnaboutMicrosoft’sstudy?A.Itfocusedonthestructureofthebrain.B.Itwasdesignedforpeopleworkingremotely.C.Itrevealedbreakscontributetoapeacefulmind.D.ItshowedthatAmericansfacehighlevelsofstress.8.WhatdoesAmberChildsadvisepeopletodo?A.Giveprioritytopersonalneeds. B.Valuedowntimeasnecessary.C.Earndowntimethroughhardwork. D.Rewardthemselveswithatreat.【答案】5.A6.B7.C8.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述休息时间是生活的重要组成部分，对身心健康、自我反思、大脑状态至关重要，而人们常轻视休息，多位专家通过研究和观点强调休息是人类基本需求。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Manyofusfeelwe’rewastingtimeifwearen’tgettingthingsdone,butresearchpointstothecostsofalwaysbeing“on”.(我们很多人会认为，如果自己没有把事情做完，那就是在浪费时间。但研究却表明，永远保持“忙碌”状态是有其代价的。)”以及最后一段“MostAmericansthinkofdowntimeassomethingthathastobeearnedonlyafterwe’vedoneallofourproductivetasks(大多数美国人认为只有完成所有高效任务后，才配拥有休息时间)”可推知，人们对休息时间持否定、轻视的态度。故选A。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“Shortpauses—whetheryoutakeafewbreathsbeforeenteringaroomorwalkthroughthewoodsfor10minutes—canleadtonecessaryself-reflection.Ifwe’realwaysgettingonwiththingsorkeepingbusy,wewon’thavetimetoexaminewhetherwhatwe’redoingismeaningful.(短暂的停顿，无论是进房间前深呼吸，还是在林间散步10分钟，都能带来必要的自我反思。如果我们总是忙忙碌碌、不停地做事，就根本不会有时间去思考我们所做的事情是否有意义。)”可推知，本段重点强调短暂停顿的作用。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Inthefirstgroup,whatyouseeisabrainthat’sfilledwithcortisolandadrenaline,chemicalsthatareusuallyproducedwhenpeopleareunderstressoranxious,”saysCelesteHeadlee,ajournalistandauthorofDoNothing:HowtoBreakAwayFromOverworking,Overdoing,andUnderliving.“It’stired,it’sstressed,andit’sprobablylesssympathetic.Theothergroup?Youcanseeinbrilliantcolorwhatadifferencethebreaksmake,”shesays.“Thosearebrainsthatarerelaxed.”(“第一组实验对象的大脑中充满了皮质醇和肾上腺素这两种化学物质，它们通常是在人们处于压力或焦虑状态时产生的。”记者兼作家塞莱斯特·赫德利这样说道，她著有《无所作为：如何摆脱过度工作、过度投入和不充分生活》一书。“这些大脑疲惫不堪、压力重重，而且可能缺乏同理心。而另一组实验对象的大脑呢？通过鲜艳的色彩，你可以清晰地看到休息对大脑产生的巨大影响。”她接着说，“那些是放松的大脑。”)”可推知，微软的研究表明休息有助于大脑保持平静。故选C。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““MostAmericansthinkofdowntimeassomethingthathastobeearnedonlyafterwe’vedoneallofourproductivetasks,”saysAmberChilds,apsychologistandassociateprofessoratYaleSchoolofMedicine’sDepartmentofPsychiatry.Butresearchwouldsuggesttheopposite:Downtimeisabasichumanneed.(耶鲁大学医学院精神病学系的心理学家兼副教授阿曼·蔡尔兹表示：“大多数美国人认为，休息时间必须是在完成了所有生产性任务之后才能获得。”但研究结果却表明情况恰恰相反：休息时间是人类的一种基本需求。)”可推知，AmberChilds建议人们重视休息，将其视为必需品。故选B。3.（2026·湖南·一模）Asisknowntousall,readingbooksisgoodforchildren.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatjustbeingaroundbookshasitsbenefits(益处).AteamofresearchersinAustraliafindsthatgrowingupwithalargelibraryathomeimprovesliteracy(读写能力),number-sense,andeventechnologicalskillsinlaterlife.ItappearedinSocialScienceResearch.Theresearcherswereexploringtheadvantagesofscholarlyculture.Theywereinterestedinanextrafindingthatsomecallthe“radiationeffect”.“Theradiationeffectisasituationwherechildrengrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon’treadbooks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,eventhoughtheydon’treadthemasmuchastheirparentswishthemto,”saidJoannaSikora,ascientistinAustralia.Joannaandherworkmatesstudiedinformationcollectedbetween2015and2019bytheOrganizationforEconomicDevelopment.Thesurveytestedtheliteracy,numeracy(计算能力)andtechnologicalabilitiesofmorethan160,000adultsfrom31countries.Anditincludedaquestionabouthowmanybooksparticipants(参加者)hadintheirhomesduringadolescence(青春期).“Whatwewereabletomakeclearwasthatpeoplegrowinguparoundbookshadbetterliteracy,numeracyandtechnologicalproblem-solvingskillsthanpeoplewhohadfewerbooksgrowingupbuthadsimilareducationlevels,similarjobs,andevensimilaradulthabitsinconnectionwithreadingorworkingatnumeracy-improvingactivities,”shesaid.Infact,teenswhoonlymadeitthroughhighschoolbutwereraisedinabookishenvironmentdidaswellinadulthoodascollegegraduateswhogrewupinahousewithoutbooks.Now,howmightasimpledisplayleadtointellectual(智力的)improvement?“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks,wherebooksaregivenasbirthdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesawealthofknowledgeandgivesusthislifelongdrivingforce(驱动力)toalwayscomeclosetobooksandreadmorethanwewould.”Sokeepshelvesfilledwithbooks.Yourkidswillnotonlybethankful,they’llbemorelikelytobeabletospell“thankful”correctlyaswell.9.What’s“theradiationeffect”accordingtothetext?A.Theterribleinfluenceofradiationonmenandthings.B.Thenegativeinfluenceofgivingteensbirthdaypresentswhicharenotvalued.C.Thebeneficialinfluenceofreadingbooksonadolescents.D.Thegoodinfluenceofthebookishenvironmentonadolescents.10.WhatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsfromParagraph2?A.Theyallgraduatedfromcollege.B.Theyhadonlyoneanswertothesurvey.C.Theyhadallbeentoasizablelibraryatleastonce.D.Theywerebroughtupindifferentgrowthenvironments.11.Howdoesthedisplayofbooksimproveintellect?A.Bookshelptoprovideachancetocomeclosetosociety.B.Booksarealwaysgiventoadolescentsasvaluablepresents.C.Bookswillofferteensadrivetomakegreatachievements.D.Booksbringasenseofbeingrichinknowledgeandlongingtoreadmore.12.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ReadingMoreHelpsImproveChildren’sAbilitiesB.ReadingatHomeBringsChildrenManyAdvantagesC.GrowingUpAroundBooksBenefitsChildrenaLotD.CreatingaBookishEnvironmentforChildrenTsofMuchImportance【答案】9.D10.D11.D12.C【解析】【导语】本文为议论文。文章介绍一项研究发现：孩子从小生活在有书的环境中，即使不读书也对孩子有好的影响。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Theradiationeffectisasituationwherechildrengrowuparoundbooks,buttheydon’treadbooks.Butsomehowbooksbenefitthem,eventhoughtheydon’treadthemasmuchastheirparentswishthemto,”saidJoannaSikora,ascientistinAustralia.(“辐射效应是一种情况，孩子们在书中长大，但他们不读书。但不知怎的，书对他们有好处，即使他们没有像父母希望的那样多读书，”澳大利亚科学家乔安娜·西科拉说)”可知，“辐射效应”指的是有书的环境对青少年好的影响。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whatwewereabletomakeclearwasthatpeoplegrowinguparoundbookshadbetterliteracy,numeracyandtechnologicalproblem-solvingskillsthanpeoplewhohadfewerbooksgrowingupbuthadsimilareducationlevels,similarjobs,andevensimilaradulthabitsinconnectionwithreadingorworkingatnumeracy-improvingactivities(我们能够明确的是，与那些在成长过程中拥有较少书籍，但在阅读或从事提高计算能力活动方面有着相似教育水平、相似工作，甚至相似成人习惯的人相比，在书籍周围成长的人具有更好的读写能力、计算能力和解决技术问题的能力)”可推知，参与者在不同的成长环境中长大。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ifwegrowupinahouse,inahomewhereparentsenjoybooks,wherebooksaregivenasbirthdaypresentsandvalued,thisissomethingthatbecomesawealthofknowledgeandgivesusthislifelongdrivingforce(驱动力)toalwayscomeclosetobooksandreadmorethanwewould.(如果我们在一个父母喜欢读书的家庭中长大，在一个书被当作生日礼物并受到重视的家庭中长大，这就会成为知识的财富，并给予我们终生的动力，让我们总是接近书籍，比我们平时读得更多)”可知，书籍带来了一种丰富知识和渴望阅读的感觉。故选D。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文大意，尤其是第一段中的“Asisknowntousall,readingbooksisgoodforchildren.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatjustbeingaroundbookshasitsbenefits(益处).(众所周知，读书对孩子有好处。现在，一项新的研究表明，仅仅是在书的周围就有好处)”可知，文章主要讲述了书香环境对孩子成长的好处。由此可知，C.GrowingUpAroundBooksBenefitsChildrenaLot(围绕书籍成长对孩子们有很大好处)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。4.（2026·安徽巢湖·一模）Ifyou’veeverfeltlonely,you’renottheonlyone.InasurveyconductedlatelastyearintheU.S.,20percentofadultsreportedfeelinglonely,andthisfeelingisnotlimitedtotheU.S.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,theworldisexperiencingaglobalhealthcrisis—loneliness.Today,manyliveisolated(隔离的)lives.Peopleusedtobelongtoavarietyofsocialclubswheretheymetface-to-face,whereasnow,lifeseemstohaveshiftedonline,wherepeopleshop,holdworkmeetings,date,playgames,etc.Infact,Americanadultsspendsignificantlylesstimesocializingface-to-facethantheydid20yearsago.Adultsinothercountriesarenobetter.TheissueoflonelinessinSouthKoreahasattractednationalattentionasyoungpeoplearespendingmoretimeathomebythemselves.InSingapore,thetrendisforpeopletobelievethattheyneedtobeself-sufficientandmanagetheiremotionsbythemselves.Psychologistsagreethiscanbehealthy;however,Mr.Jamilwarnsthattoomuchself-relianceisdangerousifpeopledon’tconnectwithothersbecausetheyviewitasbeingweak.Mentalhealthexpertssaythateventhoughthereisdigitalconnectedness,lonelinessamongyoungadultsishighbecausetheircommunicationisusuallyshallow.ClinicalpsychologistHaikalJamilsays,“Onlineconnectionstendtofocusonbrief,surface-levelexchangessuchaslikes,commentsandshortmessages,ratherthansupportiveconversations.”Howcanwefightthiscrisis?AU.S.studyfoundthatwhenpeoplelikewhattheydoeveryday,whetherworkorahobby,theirchancesofexperiencinglonelinessdiminish.Additionally,exercising,takingaclassorplayingsportshelpspeoplefeelactiveandproductive,givingthemthementalenergyneededtointeractwithothers,thusimprovingtheirmentalhealth.Thebattleagainstlonelinessisn’teasy,butthemethodsabovecanbeastart.13.Howdoestheauthorillustratetheissueinparagraph2?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byofferingadefinition.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bylistingnumbers.14.Whydoesonlinecommunicationfailtoreplaceface-to-facesocialization?A.Itlacksdeepinteraction. B.Itrefusestofollowthetrend.C.Itshowssignsofweakness. D.Itpreventslongconversations.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Disappear. B.Return. C.Expose. D.Decrease.16.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Expressingandcontrollingemotions. B.Developinganddisplayingsocialskills.CAcknowledgingandhandlingloneliness. D.Analyzingandimprovingmentalcondition.【答案】13.A14.A15.D16.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球正经历的孤独危机，探讨了孤独产生的原因，包括社交方式的转变、过度自我依赖以及线上交流缺乏深度等，并提出了应对孤独的方法，如做自己喜欢的事、锻炼、上课或参加体育活动等。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Peopleusedtobelongtoavarietyofsocialclubswheretheymetface-to-face,whereasnow,lifeseemstohaveshiftedonline,wherepeopleshop,holdworkmeetings,date,playgames,etc.Infact,Americanadultsspendsignificantlylesstimesocializingface-to-facethantheydid20yearsago.Adultsinothercountriesarenobetter.(过去，人们常常属于各种各样的社交俱乐部，在那里他们进行面对面的交流，而现在，生活似乎已经转移到了线上，人们在线上购物、开工作会议、约会、玩游戏等等。事实上，与20年前相比，美国成年人花在面对面社交上的时间大幅减少。其他国家的成年人情况也并不乐观。)”可知，作者通过对比过去和现在人们的社交方式来阐述第二段中提到的孤独问题。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Mentalhealthexpertssaythateventhoughthereisdigitalconnectedness,lonelinessamongyoungadultsishighbecausetheircommunicationisusuallyshallow.ClinicalpsychologistHaikalJamilsays,“Onlineconnectionstendtofocusonbrief,surface-levelexchangessuchaslikes,commentsandshortmessages,ratherthansupportiveconversations.”(心理健康专家表示，尽管存在数字连接，但年轻人中的孤独感却很高，因为他们的交流通常很肤浅。临床心理学家HaikalJamil说：“线上联系往往侧重于简短、表面层次的交流，比如点赞、评论和短消息，而非能提供支持的对话。”)”可知，在线交流不能取代面对面社交是因为它缺乏深度的互动。故选A项。【15题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“AU.S.studyfoundthatwhenpeoplelikewhattheydoeveryday,whetherworkorahobby,theirchancesofexperiencinglonelinessdiminish.(一项美国研究发现，当人们喜欢自己每天所做的事情时，无论是工作还是爱好，他们感到孤独的可能性都会diminish。)”可知，当人们喜欢他们每天做的事情时，他们体验孤独的机会应该会“减少，降低”，因此diminish应与Decrease意思相近，表示“减少，降低”。故选D项。【16题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Ifyou’veeverfeltlonely,you’renottheonlyone.InasurveyconductedlatelastyearintheU.S.,20percentofadultsreportedfeelinglonely,andthisfeelingisnotlimitedtotheU.S.(如果你曾经感到孤独，你并不是唯一一个有这种感受的人。去年年底在美国进行的一项调查显示，20%的成年人表示感到孤独，而且这种感受并非仅限于美国。)”可知，文章主要介绍了全球正经历的孤独危机，探讨了孤独产生的原因，并提出了应对孤独的方法。所以“Acknowledgingandhandlingloneliness(承认并处理孤独)”为文章的核心主旨。故选C项。5.（2026·广东大湾区·一模）Whatifyoucouldstaymentallysharpinoldage?Wemaybeclosertounderstanding“superagers”—peopleover80withthecognitive(认知)skillsofsomeonedecadesyounger.NorthwesternUniversity’sSuperAgingResearchProgramhasidentifiedsomecommonbrainfeaturesthathelppreservethisfunction.Theresearchdefinesa“distinctbrain-relatedsignature”foridentifyingsuperagers:Youmightbeoneifyou’re80orolderandcanrecallatleastninewords30minutesafterhearinga15-wordlist.Superagers’brainsalsoshowslowerthinning,withonlya1.06%reductionover18monthscomparedtothe2.24%seenintheirpeers(同龄人),andastrongercholinergicsystem,whichiscrucialformemory,learningandmotorfunction.Critically,there’sonequalityallsuperagersshare:sociability.Thisobservedsociabilityhasbiologicalroots.SuperagerspossessmorevonEconomoneurons,atypeofbraincellassociatedwithsociability,thantheirpeers,andevenmorethanyoungerpeople.Theseneuronsarefoundinhighlysocialspecieslikewhales.“Animalswithstrongconnectionstendtooutliveandoutsmarttheirpeers.It’slikethepackculture,”saysstudyauthorGefen.Additionally,superagers’thickeranteriorcingulategyrus—abrainregionlinkedtomotivationratherthanmemory—suggeststhattheymaybemorewillingtoengageinchallengingtasks.However,thisisn’talong-termstudytrackingparticipantsfromyouth,so“wecan’tcompletelyknowwhetherthishighlevelofsociabilityishelpingornot,”Gefennotes.Whileotherresearchsuggestslifestylefactorslikeexercisemaypreventupto45%ofseriousmemoryloss,theirroleinsuperagersremainsunclear.“Whenitcomestosuperagers,wehavemorequestionsthananswers,”sheadds.Stillthisresearchcouldhelpfindfuturetreatmentsforsomebraindiseases.Northwestern’songoingworkaimstoadvancethisgoal,includinginvestigatingwhatmakesvonEconomoneuronsspecialandtheirroleindiseaseresistance.17.Whatisthekeycharacteristicthatsetssuperagersapartfromtheirpeers?A.Rapidbrainthinning. B.Strongcriticalthinking.C.Superbvisualmemory. D.Highsocialengagement.18.Whydoestheauthormentionwhalesinparagraph3?A.Toanalyzehuman-animalties. B.Toillustratethebasisofsociability.C.Toshowtheobservationresult. D.Tocontrastbrainsofvariousspecies.19.WhatdoesGefenmeanbysaying“It’slikethepackculture”?A.Socialbondsbenefitindividuals. B.Packanimalsarefacedwithmorerisks.C.Eachspecieshasitsownculture. D.Sociabilityisrootedinanimalbehavior.20.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Suggestionsforfurtherstudies. B.Studylimitations.C.Comparisonswithotherfindings. D.Experts’comments.【答案】17.D18.B19.A20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“超级老人”（认知能力远超同龄人的80岁以上老人）的特征、相关研究及意义。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Critically,there’sonequalityallsuperagersshare:sociability.(关键在于，所有超级老人都有一个共同点：善于社交)”可知，超级老人区别于同龄人的关键特征是高度社交参与。故选D。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thisobservedsociabilityhasbiologicalroots.SuperagerspossessmorevonEconomoneurons,atypeofbraincellassociatedwithsociability,thantheirpeers,andevenmorethanyoungerpeople.Theseneuronsarefoundinhighlysocialspecieslikewhales.(这种观察到的社交能力有其生物学根源。与同龄人相比，超级老人拥有更多与社交能力相关的冯·伊科诺莫神经元，甚至比年轻人还多。这些神经元存在于鲸鱼等高度社会化的物种中)”可知，作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明超级老人善于社交的生物学基础。故选B。【19题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Animalswithstrongconnectionstendtooutliveandoutsmarttheirpeers.It’slikethepackculture(联系紧密的动物往往比同类寿命更长、更聪明。这就像群体文化)”可知，联系紧密的动物往往比同类寿命更长、更聪明，所以“这就像群体文化”是指社交联系对个体有益。故选A。【20题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“However,thisisn’talong-termstudytrackingparticipantsfromyouth,so“wecan’tcompletelyknowwhetherthishighlevelofsociabilityishelpingornot,”Gefennotes.Whileotherresearchsuggestslifestylefactorslikeexercisemaypreventupto45%ofseriousmemoryloss,theirroleinsuperagersremainsunclear.“Whenitcomestosuperagers,wehavemorequestionsthananswers,”sheadds.(然而，这并不是一项从青年时期就开始跟踪参与者的长期研究，所以“我们无法完全知道这种高度的社交能力是否有帮助，”Gefen指出。虽然其他研究表明，锻炼等生活方式因素可能预防多达45%的严重记忆丧失，但它们在超级老人中的作用尚不清楚。“说到超级老人，我们的问题多于答案，”她补充道)”可知，本段主要讲了研究的局限性。故选B。6.（2026·湖北·一模）Cultureclashmeansthetensionsandconflictscausedbydifferentworkinghabits,communicationstyles,andwaysofthinkinginsideacompany.Thisoftenhappensbetweenemployeesofdifferentgenerations,separatedepartments,orpeoplefromvariousculturalbackgrounds.WiththerapidgrowthofremoteworkandthewideuseofAItechnology,workplaceshavebecomemorecomplex.Thisleadstomorefrequentmisunderstandingsandfrictionsamongcolleagues.Therearethreemainfactorsthatcausesuchconflicts.First,employeesatdifferentcareerstagesoftenhavedifferentideasaboutcompanydevelopmentandmanagement.Forexample,youngworkersmaywantquickchanges,whileseniorstaffmaypreferstability.Disagreementsaboutcorporatecultureoftenpushmanytalentedemployeestoleavetheirjobs.Second,cross-culturaldifferencescaneasilycausemisunderstandingswhencompaniesdobusinessinternationally.Whatispoliteinoneculturemayberudeinanother.Third,companymergersoftenleadtoclearcultureclashesbecausethetwocompaniesusuallyhaveverydifferentvaluesandrules.Althoughcultureclashishardtoavoidinmoderncompanies,effectivemethodscanbeusedtoreduceitsbadinfluence.Respectingculturaldifferencesandvaluingthestrengthsofeachgroupareverynecessary.Clearandregularcommunicationhelpsbuildtrustandunderstanding.Providingprofessionalcross-culturaltrainingcanalsoimprovecooperationandcutdownonunnecessaryconflicts.Ifmanagedcorrectly,cultureclashwillnothurttheorganization.Instead,itcanhelpcreateamorepositiveandactiveworkingenvironment,strengthenteamspiritandcooperation,andfurtherimprovethecompany’soverallcompetitivenessintheglobalmarket.21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Keystomanagingcross-culturalconflictsB.Reasonsforglobalmarketsuccess.C.Waystoreduceemployeestress.D.Causesandsolutionstocultureclash.22.Accordingtothetext,whymighttalentedemployeeschoosetoleavetheirjobs?A.Theyareunwillingtoacceptdifferentworkingstyles.B.Theypreferworkingincompanieswithdifferentrules.C.Theyfindithardtoagreewiththecompany’sculture.D.Theyaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaryandbenefits.23.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutcultureclash?A.Itcanbeadrivingforceforcompanygrowth.B.Ithaslittleimpactonacompany’sdevelopment.C.Itisthemaincauseofemployeeturnover.D.Itshouldbepossiblyavoidedinglobalbusiness.24.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscultureclash?A.Doubtful. B.Hopeful. C.Worried. D.Uncaring.【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了职场中文化冲突的成因、影响以及如何将其转化为积极因素，促进公司发展。【21题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段“Cultureclashmeansthetensionsandconflictscausedbydifferentworkinghabits,communicationstyles,andwaysofthinkinginsideacompany.Thisoftenhappensbetweenemployeesofdifferentgenerations,separatedepartments,orpeoplefromvariousculturalbackgrounds.(文化冲突是指公司内部由于不同的工作习惯、