2026年高考英语终极冲刺：压轴题06 阅读理解CD篇（环境与保护类）（解析版）

3/17压轴题06阅读理解C、D篇命题预测分析近年高考英语阅读理解C、D篇命题规律，环境与保护类是必考核心压轴题材，选材多来自Nature、Science、国家地理、环保组织报告、高校生态研究，聚焦生态保护、气候变化、污染治理、物种恢复、可持续发展、城市生态、新能源、循环经济。文章科学性强、数据密集、逻辑严谨，长难句与专业术语较多，侧重考查细节定位、逻辑推理、观点态度、主旨概括。2026年高考仍会重点考查，命题更贴近碳中和、生物多样性、城市绿色、人与自然共生、环保科技，强调责任意识与科学思维。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题主旨大意题观点态度/写作意图题环境与保护类基本规律及解题要领高考环境类阅读多无标题，结构清晰、论证严谨，一般分为四部分：首段：引出环境问题、生态现象、保护行动、科研发现。背景/现状：介绍问题成因、破坏程度、危机现状、人类影响。主干：阐述研究数据、保护措施、治理方案、正反效果、专家观点。结尾：总结保护意义、未来展望、行动呼吁、生态启示。二、环境与保护类解题技巧1.抓语篇结构，快速把握大意用略读法速读首尾段+各段首尾句，圈出核心词：environment/conservation/habitat/ecosystem/climate/pollution。环境类常见行文逻辑：问题对策型：环境危机→原因分析→解决方案→效果评价研究发现型：新观察→实验数据→结论意义→保护建议生态介绍型：物种/栖息地→生存现状→适应机制→保护价值2.定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理优先定位：地名、物种名、数据年份、研究机构、环保项目名称。长难句处理：先抓主句主干，剥离定语、状语、插入语，理清因果与条件。答案原则：原文同义替换、客观概括，不加入主观环保立场臆断。3.重点关注因果、措施与影响环境类必考三大方向：原因：humanactivity/urbanization/deforestation/pollution/climatechange措施：restore/protect/recycle/regulate/passiverestoration/ecotourism影响：threaten/survive/recover/decline/collapse/benefit4.紧盯转折与对比，锁定命题重点高频逻辑词：however/but/yet/while/incontrast/instead/despite转折后常是真实危机、有效方案、作者真正态度，为必考点。5.熟悉选项设置规律，快速排除干扰正确选项：符合科学事实、概括全面、原文信息同义改写。干扰项：夸大危机（用worst/destroy/extinct绝对化）张冠李戴（把A措施的效果安到B措施）无中生有（原文未提的解决方案）以偏概全（用局部数据代替整体主旨）6.标题归纳技巧（环境类专用）必须包含核心对象：forest/ocean/animal/habitat/planet/ecosystem突出保护、恢复、危机、可持续常见格式：保护对象+危机/措施/希望/未来06环境与保护类1.（2026·广东省大湾区·一模）IftheAmazonforestistodisappear,AltamirainBrazilisthetownwherethatendcouldbeforeseen.Duringtheregion’sdevelopment,aroadwascutthroughtheheartoftheforest,markinganeraofwidespreaddestructionthatremadetheAmazon.Altamirathusbecameknowninlocalmediaasthe“championofdeforestation.”NowBrazilianofficialsthinkthisexpansivetowncanalsobethesiteoftheforest’srebirth.Thisyear,thegovernmentsetouttotestaquestionthatuntilnowhaslargelybeenlefttoresearchers:Ifleftalone,cantheAmazonforestrestoreitself?Totestthisassumption,officialsclosedoffadegradedparceloflandandleased(租赁)ittoaprivatecarboncreditcompanytosafeguardandrestore.“Someofthetaskswillbedonebyplantingtrees.ButmostoftherestorationjobwillbelefttoMotherNature.It’scalledpassiverestoration.Thisisopeninganewmodelthatmaybeappliedacrossthestate,”saidGovernorBarbalho.ThesearchforsolutionsintheAmazoncouldn’tbemoreurgent.Ratesofdeforestationhavebeendroppingsincethegovernmentmadefightingenvironmentalcrimeapriority,butthedestructionhasn’tstopped.Nearly6,300squarekilometerswerelostlastyear,bringingtheecosystemclosertowhatscientistswarnisatippingpoint,whentheAmazonisnolongerabletomaintainitsownrainyecosystem.Evidenceofitsarrivalisspringingup:driedriverbeds,forestfires,punishingdroughts,andincreasedtreedeath.Scientistshavepredictedtheforestcouldexperienceabroadecologicalcollapseby2050,when10—47%ofitwillbeexposedtovariousdisturbancesthatcouldactivateunexpectedecosystemchanges.Butotherresearchhasalsoprovidedcauseforhope.DespitethedelicatenatureoftheAmazon’secosystem,theforesthasalsodemonstratedaremarkablecapacityforrecovery.Arecentstudyshowedthatroughly72,000squarekilometersofdestroyedforestarealreadyinanadvancedstageofnaturalrecovery.1.WhatdoweknowaboutAltamirafromparagraph1?A.ItreshapedtheAmazonarea. B.Itsawtherebirthoftheforest.C.Itbenefitedfromthenewroad. D.Itheadedtheforestdestruction.2.Whatisthecorebeliefbehindpassiverestoration?A.Natureknowstherightway. B.Companiesmakebetterguardians.C.Tree-plantingisaquickerfix. D.Ahands-offgovernmentisthekey.3.WhatmakesitcriticaltorestoretheAmazonrainforest?A.Deforestationratesareever-rising. B.Therainyecosystemhascollapsed.C.Apointofnoreturnisapproaching. D.Springhasbroughtlotsofdisasters.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CanPrivateCompaniesHelp? B.CanPassiveRestorationLast?C.CanAltamiraStopDeforestation? D.CanAmazonAvoidDisappearing?【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了巴西小镇阿尔塔米拉曾是森林破坏的“冠军”，如今政府尝试通过被动修复让亚马逊森林重生，以避免其消失。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Altamirathusbecameknowninlocalmediaasthe“championofdeforestation.”(因此，阿尔塔米拉被当地媒体称为“森林砍伐冠军”)”可知，阿尔塔米拉曾引领森林破坏。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ButmostoftherestorationjobwillbelefttoMotherNature.It’scalledpassiverestoration.(但大部分修复工作将留给大自然。这被称为被动修复)”可知，被动修复的核心信念是相信自然知道正确的修复方式。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Nearly6,300squarekilometerswerelostlastyear,bringingtheecosystemclosertowhatscientistswarnisatippingpoint,whentheAmazonisnolongerabletomaintainitsownrainyecosystem.(去年损失了近6300平方公里，使生态系统更接近科学家警告的临界点，届时亚马逊将无法维持自己的雨林生态系统)”可知，亚马逊雨林恢复的关键在于避免接近无法挽回的临界点。故选C。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“DespitethedelicatenatureoftheAmazon’secosystem,theforesthasalsodemonstratedaremarkablecapacityforrecovery.(尽管亚马逊生态系统很脆弱，但森林也表现出了惊人的恢复能力)”可知，文章主要探讨了亚马逊森林能否通过修复避免消失的问题，D选项“CanAmazonAvoidDisappearing?(亚马逊能否避免消失？)”适合作为标题。故选D。2.（2026·河北·一模）DeepinaprotectednaturereserveinNorthernGuatemala’sSierradelLacandónNationalPark,shadefromthetreesandalightwindfromtheUsumacintaRiverofferpeoplerelieffromtheheat.HereintheMayaBiosphereReserve,therearenotonlythousandsofspecies,includingtheRamónandCopaltreesprovidingshade,butalsoRomarioRamírez,oneofthemanyhumanswholiveinthepark.Ramírezisatourguide;heknowsthisforestanditscreatureslikethebackofhishand.Butguidingtouriststhroughtheparkisjustpartofhiswork.Nearly20thousandpeoplelivewithinthispark,almostallofwhomplayaroleincaringfortheforest.Forestfiresarethelargestthreattothereserve.Setmostlybyoutsiders,thefiresareusuallyintendedtocleartheforesttoexpandcattleandsoyfarms.Whilethefiresarestartedbyhumans,theirintensityandabilitytospreadaremadeworsebyclimatechange.Inresponse,everyoneinthiscommunityistrainedtouseanumberoftoolstodiscouragethefires,includingcamerasandothersimilarequipment,whicharealsousedtomonitorbiodiversity.Accordingtoareport,collectivelytheyhavereduced369,000tonsofCO₂emissionsandprotected870speciesofwildlifebetween2012and2014.Tokeepvisitorsengaged,guidesleadhikeswithinthejungleandexcursions(远足)toancientsites.Sustainabletouristprograms,orecotourism,havebecomeincreasinglypopularasawaytohelptheremotecommunitybecomeself-sufficient.Inthismodel,everyvisitfromatravelerdirectlytranslatesintogreatercapacitytopreservetheforest.ThelocaltourismcommissioninthissmallNorthernGuatemalancommunityhopestoguardtheareabyinvitingtouriststothinkaboutthereserveasmorethanasitetovisitandtoseehowtheyliveanddevelopasacommunity.5.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinparagraph1?A.Manandnaturecoexistclosely.B.Biodiversityisvitaltotheforest.C.Thelocalsrelyonnaturetolive.D.Thereserveispopularwithtourists.6.Whydoestheauthorciteareportinparagraph3?A.Toshowrisksofwidespreadforestfires.B.Toproveeffectivenessoffireprevention.C.Topraisetheuseofdevicestotacklefires.D.Torevealthereasonfordiscouragingfires.7.Whatcantourists’engagementwiththesitebring?A.Morepotentialforecotourism.B.Moreinsightintoancientlife.C.Morecollaborationontheeconomy.D.Moresupportforlocalprotection.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GuidedTours,GuardedForestB.FireThreats,LocalResponsesC.LocalGuides,GlobalVisitorsD.AncientForest,ModernGuardians【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了危地马拉北部玛雅生物圈保护区中人类与自然共存，通过防火和生态旅游保护森林的情况。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“HereintheMayaBiosphereReserve,therearenotonlythousandsofspecies,includingtheRamónandCopaltreesprovidingshade,butalsoRomarioRamírez,oneofthemanyhumanswholiveinthepark.(在玛雅生物圈保护区，不仅有成千上万的物种，包括提供树荫的拉蒙树和科帕尔树，还有罗马里奥·拉米雷斯，他是众多居住在公园里的人之一。)”可知，本段描述了人类和自然紧密共存的现象。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inresponse,everyoneinthiscommunityistrainedtouseanumberoftoolstodiscouragethefires,includingcamerasandothersimilarequipment,whicharealsousedtomonitorbiodiversity.Accordingtoareport,collectivelytheyhavereduced369,000tonsofCO₂emissionsandprotected870speciesofwildlifebetween2012and2014.(作为回应，社区里的每个人都接受了使用多种工具来阻止火灾的培训，包括使用照相机和其他类似设备，这些设备也被用来监测生物多样性。根据一份报告，在2012年至2014年期间，他们共同减少了36.9万吨二氧化碳排放，保护了870种野生动物。)”可知，作者引用报告是为了证明防火措施的有效性。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tokeepvisitorsengaged,guidesleadhikeswithinthejungleandexcursions(远足)toancientsites.Sustainabletouristprograms,orecotourism,havebecomeincreasinglypopularasawaytohelptheremotecommunitybecomeself-sufficient.Inthismodel,everyvisitfromatravelerdirectlytranslatesintogreatercapacitytopreservetheforest.(为了让游客保持兴趣，导游会带领游客在丛林中徒步旅行，并前往古遗址远足。可持续旅游项目，即生态旅游，作为一种帮助偏远社区实现自给自足的方式，正变得越来越受欢迎。在这种模式下，每一位游客的到来都直接转化为更强的保护森林的能力。)”可知，游客的参与能够带来更多的对当地保护的支持。故选D。【8题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“Tokeepvisitorsengaged,guidesleadhikeswithinthejungleandexcursions(远足)toancientsites.Sustainabletouristprograms,orecotourism,havebecomeincreasinglypopularasawaytohelptheremotecommunitybecomeself-sufficient.Inthismodel,everyvisitfromatravelerdirectlytranslatesintogreatercapacitytopreservetheforest.(为了让游客保持兴趣，导游会带领游客在丛林中徒步旅行，并前往古遗址远足。可持续旅游项目，即生态旅游，作为一种帮助偏远社区实现自给自足的方式，正变得越来越受欢迎。在这种模式下，每一位游客的到来都直接转化为更强的保护森林的能力。)”可知，文章主要介绍了玛雅生物圈保护区中人类与自然共存的情况，以及当地人如何通过防火和生态旅游来保护森林，其中导游罗米里奥·拉米雷斯是这一努力的代表。A项“GuidedTours,GuardedForest(导游引领，守护森林)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。3.（2026·湖北·一模）Theglobalshifttorenewableenergyisgreatlyincreasingdemandforcriticalmineralsandmetals,includinglithium,copperandrareearthelements.Overthepastfiveyears,themarketfortheseenergytransitionmineralshasdoubled.By2040,demandforsuchmineralsincleanenergytechnologiesisexpectedtogrowtwotofourtimes.Althoughtheenergytransitionrequiresmoremining,thetotalamountofmaterialsneededforafullygreenenergysystemby2040ismuchlowerthanthatforafossil-fuelbasedsystem.Fossilfuelsareburnedcontinuouslyandcannotberecycled.Incontrast,criticalmineralsareusedinlong-lastingequipmentandcanberecycledattheendoftheirservicelife.Itishighlyimportanttominethesemetalsresponsibly.Copperisonemetalwhosedemandwillrisesharply.Underthe1.5°Cclimategoal,annualcopperdemandisprojectedtogrowfrom25milliontonnesnowto55.1milliontonnesin2050.Newsupplysourcesmustbedevelopedtoclosethisgap.Fortunately,knownreservesofmanycriticalmineralsaregeographicallywidespread.Copper,forexample,isdistributedacrossChile,Peru,China,theUnitedStatesandothernations.Inthenearfuture,productionwillstilldependontraditionalminingcountries,becauseopeninganewmineusuallytakesmorethan10years.However,processingcapacitycanbediversifiedmorequickly.TheUSandtheEUarebuildingpartnershipstostrengthensupplychains.Mining,however,bringsseriousenvironmentalandsocialrisks.Itcandamageecosystems,consumelargeamountsofwaterandproduceharmfulwaste.SomeminingactivitiesalsoaffectlocalcommunitiesandIndigenousPeoples’lands.Morethan50percentofthemetalsneededfortheenergytransitioncomefromorneartheseareas.Tosolvetheseproblems,responsibleminingisnecessary.Companiesneedstrongmanagementandclearcommunicationwithlocalcommunities.TheyshouldalsofollowinternationalstandardssuchasTowardsSustainableMining,IRMAandCopperMark.Thesesystemsaimtoimproveenvironmentalprotection,safetyandcommunityrelations.Metaluserscanhelpbymakingsupplychainsmoretransparentandsupportingrecyclingandnewtechnologies.Withjointefforts,theenergytransitioncanbebothsustainableandfairtolocalcommunities.9.Whatistheadvantageofcriticalmineralsoverfossilfuels?A.Theyareeasiertoexploreandextract. B.Theycanberecycledafteruse.C.Theycostlesstoproduce. D.Theyareusedinlargerquantities.10.Whyisitdifficulttoincreasecoppersupplyquickly?A.Knownreservesarerunningout. B.Demandisgrowingtooslowly.C.Buildinganewminetakesalongtime. D.Manycountriesrefusetoexportcopper.11.Whatproblemdoesminingbringaccordingtothepassage?A.Itraisesthepriceofrenewableenergy. B.Itreducestheefficiencyofpowersystems.C.Itslowsdowntechnologicaldevelopment. D.Itharmstheenvironmentandlocalcommunities.12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?ACriticalMineralsfortheEnergyTransition. B.WaystoRecycleUsedMetalsEffectively.C.GlobalSupplyChainsofRenewableEnergy. D.EnvironmentalRisksofMiningIndustry.【答案】9.B10.C11.D12.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了随着全球向可再生能源转型，对关键矿物和金属的需求大幅增长。关键矿物相比化石燃料具有可回收的优势，但开采面临一些挑战。以铜为例，其需求将急剧上升，虽已知储量分布广泛，但新矿开采耗时较长。同时，采矿会带来环境和社会风险，因此需要负责任地开采，多方共同努力以实现能源转型的可持续性和公平性。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Fossilfuelsareburnedcontinuouslyandcannotberecycled.Incontrast,criticalmineralsareusedinlong-lastingequipmentandcanberecycledattheendoftheirservicelife.(化石燃料持续燃烧且无法回收。相比之下，关键矿物用于耐用设备，在其使用寿命结束时可以回收)”可知，关键矿物相对于化石燃料的优势是使用后可以回收。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Fortunately,knownreservesofmanycriticalmineralsaregeographicallywidespread.Copper,forexample,isdistributedacrossChile,Peru,China,theUnitedStatesandothernations.Inthenearfuture,productionwillstilldependontraditionalminingcountries,becauseopeninganewmineusuallytakesmorethan10years.(幸运的是，许多关键矿产的已知储量在地理上分布广泛。例如，铜分布在智利、秘鲁、中国、美国等国家。在不久的将来，生产仍将依赖传统矿产国，因为新开一座矿山通常需要十多年时间。)”可知，快速增加铜供应困难是因为开设新矿需要很长时间。故选C项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Mining,however,bringsseriousenvironmentalandsocialrisks.Itcandamageecosystems,consumelargeamountsofwaterandproduceharmfulwaste.SomeminingactivitiesalsoaffectlocalcommunitiesandIndigenousPeoples’lands.(然而，采矿带来了严重的环境和社会风险。它会破坏生态系统，消耗大量水资源并产生有害废物。一些采矿活动还会影响当地社区和原住民的土地)”可知，采矿带来的问题是危害环境和当地社区。故选D项。【12题详解】主旨大意题。主要阐述了随着全球向可再生能源转型，对关键矿物和金属的需求大幅增长。关键矿物相比化石燃料具有可回收的优势，但开采面临一些挑战。以铜为例，其需求将急剧上升，虽已知储量分布广泛，但新矿开采耗时较长。同时，采矿会带来环境和社会风险，因此需要负责任地开采，多方共同努力以实现能源转型的可持续性和公平性。A选项“CriticalMineralsfortheEnergyTransition(能源转型中的关键矿物)”为最佳标题，故选A项。4.（2026·广东汕头·一模）Theconceptof“CarbonNeutrality”hasmovedfromboardroomstolivingrooms.In2026,agrassrootsmovementcalled“Project30”challengedhouseholdstoreducetheircarbonfootprintby30%withinayear.Theresults,publishedintheJournalofSustainableLiving,weresurprising.Researchersfoundthatthemosteffectivefactorwasn’taccesstoexpensivesolarpanels,but“behavioralnudging.”Familieswhoreceivedweeklyfeedbackontheirenergyusageviaasmarthomeappreducedconsumptionsignificantlymorethanthosewhosimplyownedenergy-efficientappliances.PsychologistDr.HelenReidexplains:“Peopleoftensufferfrom‘invisibilitybias.’Ifyoucan’tseetheelectricityflowing,youdon’tthinkaboutwastingit.Makingdatavisiblecreatesaccountability.”However,thestudyalsohighlightedthe“ReboundEffect.”Someparticipants,proudoftheirreducedelectricitybills,offsettheirsavingsbytakinglong-haulflights,negatingtheirpreviousefforts.“Sustainabilityisholistic,”warnsDr.Reid.“Youcan’tgreenwashyourwaytocarbonneutralitybyfocusingonjustoneaspectofyourlife.”13.Whatwasthekeyfindingof“Project30”?A.Expensivetechnologyisnecessaryforcarbonreduction.BBehavioralfeedbackismoreeffectivethanhardwarealone.C.Mosthouseholdscannotreducetheircarbonfootprint.D.Carbonneutralityisanimpossiblegoal.14.WhatdoesDr.Reidmeanby“invisibilitybias”?A.Peopleareblindtotheeffectsofclimatechange.B.Peopletendtoignoreresourcestheycannotphysicallysee.C.Energy-efficientappliancesareoftenhiddeninhomes.D.Smartappsarenotvisibleenoughtousers.15.Whatisthe“ReboundEffect”asdescribedinthetext?A.Whenpeopleincreasetheirenergyuseafterbuyingnewappliances.B.Wheneffortsinoneareaarecanceledoutbynegativeactionselsewhere.C.Whencarbonreductionprojectsfailduetolackoffunding.D.Whenpeoplebecometooreliantontechnology.16.Whatisthemainmessageofthepassage?A.Onlythewealthycanachievecarbonneutrality.B.Technologyalonecansolvetheclimatecrisis.C.Sustainablelivingrequiresawarenessandholisticlifestylechanges.D.Governmentpoliciesaretheonlysolutiontocarbonemissions.【答案】13.B14.B15.B16.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2026年“Project30”草根运动关于家庭碳减排的研究发现及其启示。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Researchersfoundthatthemosteffectivefactorwasn’taccesstoexpensivesolarpanels,but“behavioralnudging.”Familieswhoreceivedweeklyfeedbackontheirenergyusageviaasmarthomeappreducedconsumptionsignificantlymorethanthosewhosimplyownedenergy-efficientappliances(研究人员发现，最有效的因素并不是使用昂贵的太阳能电池板，而是“行为引导”。通过智能家居应用程序每周收到能源使用反馈的家庭，比那些仅仅拥有节能电器的家庭减少的能耗要多得多)”可知，“Project30”的关键发现是行为反馈比单纯的硬件设备更有效。故选B项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段Dr.Reid的解释“Ifyoucan’tseetheelectricityflowing,youdon’tthinkaboutwastingit(如果你看不到电流流动，你就不会想到浪费它)”可知，“invisibilitybias”指的是人们往往忽视那些肉眼无法看到的资源消耗。故选B项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Someparticipants,proudoftheirreducedelectricitybills,offsettheirsavingsbytakinglong-haulflights,negatingtheirpreviousefforts(一些参与者为自己的电费减少而自豪，却通过长途旅行抵消了节省下来的能耗，使之前的努力付诸东流)”可知，“ReboundEffect”指的是一个领域的努力被其他地方的负面行为所抵消。故选B项。【16题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段的句子““Sustainabilityisholistic,”warnsDr.Reid.“Youcan'tgreenwashyourwaytocarbonneutralitybyfocusingonjustoneaspectofyourlife.”(里德博士警告说：“可持续发展是整体性的。你不能只关注生活的一个方面，就用漂绿的方式实现碳中和。”)”可知，文章的主要观点是可持续生活需要意识的提升和整体生活方式的改变。故选C项。5.（2026·山西晋城·一模）ThestreetsofSouthProvidencearelinedwithapartmentbuildingsandconcretesidewalks.ButalongPearlStreet,onelotstandsout.It’sgreen,withnearly270treespackedintoa1,000-square-footlot.OfficiallycalledthePearlStreetGarden,itcontainsatinyforestinthemiddleoftheurbanarea,offeringasharpcontrasttothesurroundinghardsurfacesandtraffic.Thepocketforestsadheretothe“Miyawakimethod”developedinthe1970s,whichcallsforplantingawidevarietyoflocaltreesinlargenumbersandinverytightquarters.Withplantspackedclosetogether,theybothcollaborateandcompeteforresources,racingtoreachthesunfirst.ResearchshowsforestsgrownusingtheMiyawakimethodgrowtentimesfasterthanatraditionallandscapeplanting,allowingenvironmentalbenefitstoappearinarelativelyshorttime.“Thisisn’thabitatrestorationonthescalethatisneededintermsoftheworld,”saidJaeqHall,directorofspecialprojectsatGroundworkRhodeIsland,“butitisareallygreatway,especiallyinacity,forpeopletobecomeinclosetouchwithbiodiversity.”A2022studyfoundRhodeIslandcontains139squaremilesofasphalt(柏油),concrete,andotherhardsurfaces,amountingto13percentofitslandarea.Suchconditionslimitaccesstogreenspaceandreducethenaturalcoolingandair-cleaningeffectsthattreescanprovide.“We’retryingreallyhardtogobackintothoseplacesthathavebeenaggressivelypavedoverandworkinlittlebitsofnaturetobringthosebenefitstomorepeople,”Hallsaid.“Projectslikethisreceivedabigboostinfundingfromthegovernment.Itwasahistoricmoment,”shesaid,addingthatcontinuedsupportisneededifmicroforestsaretoplayalastingroleinmakingcitieshealthierandmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.17.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“adhereto”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Followclosely, B.Resultin. C.Differfrom. D.Improvegradually.18.Whyaremicroforestsvaluableincities?A.Theyconservebiodiversity. B.Theyaddressairpollution.C.Theybeautifytheenvironment. D.Theyconnectpeoplewithnature.19.WhatdoesHallintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Deliveracomplaint. B.Soundawarning. C.Makeanappeal. D.Giveanexplanation.20.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.StreetGardens:FamousTourSpotsB.MiyawakiMethod:ANewPlantingWayC.Microforests:GreenGiftstoUrbanAreasD.JacqHall:AProtectorofUrbanForests【答案】17.A18.D19.C20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国罗得岛州南普罗维登斯市利用“宫胁法”在城市狭小地块打造微型森林的案例，阐述了微型森林的建造方法、生长优势及其对城市居民接触自然、改善环境的重要意义。【17题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Thepocketforestsadheretothe‘Miyawakimethod’developedinthe1970s,whichcallsforplantingawidevarietyoflocaltreesinlargenumbersandinverytightquarters.(这些袖珍森林紧密adhereto20世纪70年代发明的‘宫胁法’，该方法要求在非常狭小的空间里大量种植各种各样的本地树木)”可知，后文解释了该方法的具体要求，说明袖珍森林是严格遵循这一方法建造的。故选A。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“…butitisareallygreatway,especiallyinacity,forpeopletobecomeinclosetouchwithbiodiversity.(但这是一种非常好的方式，尤其是在城市里，让人们与生物多样性密切接触)”可知，城市微型森林的价值在于让人们亲近自然。故选D。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“...addingthatcontinuedsupportisneededifmicroforestsaretoplayalastingroleinmakingcitieshealthierandmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.(她补充说，如果微型森林要在使城市更健康、更环保方面发挥持久作用，就需要持续的支持)”可知，Hall在呼吁政府和社会持续提供支持。故选C。【20题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“OfficiallycalledthePearlStreetGarden,itcontainsatinyforestinthemiddleoftheurbanarea,offeringasharpcontrasttothesurroundinghardsurfacesandtraffic.(它被正式命名为珍珠街花园，在城市中心打造了一片微型森林，与周边硬质路面和车流形成鲜明对比)”、第二段“ResearchshowsforestsgrownusingtheMiyawakimethodgrowtentimesfasterthanatraditionallandscapeplanting,allowingenvironmentalbenefitstoappearinarelativelyshorttime(研究表明采用宫胁法种植的森林生长速度是传统绿化的10倍，能在短时间内发挥环境效益)”、第三段“…forpeopletobecomeinclosetouchwithbiodiversity(让人们亲近生物多样性)”、第四段“bringthosebenefitstomorepeople(为更多人带来自然益处)”可推知，文章首段引出城市中心的微型森林，第二段介绍建造方法，第三、四段强调其对城市和居民的好处。全文围绕城市微型森林展开。C项“微型森林：为城市地区带来的绿色礼物”为最佳标题，故选C。6.（2026·北京延庆·一模）Fewpeoplecanbetterrepresentpeople’swonderatthenaturalworldthanSirDavidAttenborough,atelevisionpresenterinhisnineties.Inrecentyears,SirDavidhasbeencampaigningpassionatelyforanendtotheplasticthathisfilmcrewsfindscatteredacrosstheplanet.“Theplasticinouroceansoughtnevertohavegotthereinthefirstplace,”hesaid.“Muchofitperhapsoughtnottohaveevenbeenmanufacturedatall.”Thefirststatementisreasonable,butthesecondisnot—foritdisregardstheextraordinarybenefitsthatplastics,andtheindustrywhichproducesthem,haveprovidedbothtohumansandtotheenvironment.Althoughthedrawbacksoftheworld’srelianceonplasticsarealltooapparent,thebenefitstheyprovide,intheformofreducingwasteandcost,arealltooeasilyoverlooked.Whilebeinglighter,moredurable,andcheaperandeasiertomanufacture,plasticshavemadepossiblearangeofnewmaterials.Thesematerialshavebecomevitalineverythingfrombuildingtocarmakingtoconsumerelectronics.Plasticshavealsoeasedtheworld’srelianceonoldermaterials,andonthelivingbeingsfromwhichmanyofthemcame.Thereareperhaps10mpianosintheworld.Ifalltheirwhitekeysweremadeofivory,howmanyelephantswouldremain?Justasthebenefitsofplasticsareoftenunseen,however,soaresomepotentialharms.Thesightofplasticwasteruiningbeautifulnaturalareasandharmingwildlifeusedtobeoneofthebiggestcomplaintsagainstplastics.Nowconcernsgrowoverwhathappenswhentheybreakupintomicroscopicfragmentsinvisibletothenakedeye.Inthepastdecadesuch“microplastics”havebeenfoundinfoodchains,inhumanbrainsandevenintheapparentlyuntouchedsnowofAntarctica.Beingdetectabledoesnotmakesomethingdangerous.Itmightonlyshowhowgoodourinstrumentsinuseare.Totacklethepollution,thebestapproachisnottobanplastics,buttomanagethemmorecarefully.Betterrecyclingtechnologies,nowunderdevelopment,areonepartoftheanswer.Theproportionofplasticswhichendupbeingrecycledhasdoubledinthepasttwodecades,butitisstillonly9%.Thisisnotbecausepeopledonotcareabouttheplanet,butbecauserecyclingisharderandmorecostlythanmostpeoplerealise.Greateruseshouldthereforebemadeoflandfill.Whenproperlymanagedandwellmonitored,thisisfarlessenvironmentallyruinousthanoftenbelieved,andcanbesimplerandmoreeffectivethanineffectiverecycling.Incinerators(焚烧),whichgenerateenergyandcapturecarbon,thoughunpopular,areausefuloptiontoo.Regardingplastics,thebenefitsareverymuchgreaterthanmostpeoplewillallow—andsoisthepotentialformanagingthecosts.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disregards”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Ignores. B.Emphasizes. C.Minimizes. D.Uncovers.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutplasticsfromthepassage?A.Theirmainuseisforpackaging.B.Theycontributetowildlifeprotection.C.Theirpotentialharmsarestillunnoticed.D.Theyarenotdangerousforbeingdetectable.23.Aboutplasticpollutionmanagement,theauthoris________.A.infavorofimprovedmanagementB.supportiveofacompletebanonplasticsC.contentthatlandfillistheeffectivesolutionD.optimisticthatrecyclingwillsolvetheproblem24.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Microplasticsposehiddenthreatstoecosystemsandhumans.B.Plasticsneedurgentsolutionsforsevereenvironmentalharm.C.ThebenefitsofPlasticfaroutweighdrawbacksdespitechallenges.D.Effectivewastemanagementiscentraltoreducingplasticpollution.【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了塑料的益处远大于弊端，并强调应更有效地管理塑料污染。【21题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中““Theplasticinouroceansoughtnevertohavegotthereinthefirstplace,”hesaid.“Muchofitperhapsoughtnottohaveevenbeenmanufacturedatall.”Thefirststatementisreasonable,butthesecondisnot—foritdisregardstheextraordinarybenefitsthatplastics,andtheindustrywhichproducesthem,haveprovidedbothtohumansandtotheenvironment.(他说：“海洋里的塑料本就不该出现在那里。”“其中很多塑料或许根本就不该被生产出来。”第一个说法是合理的，但第二个不是，因为它disregards了塑料及其生产行业给人类和环境带来的巨大好处。)”可知，第二个说法忽视了塑料及其生产行业给人类和环境带来的巨大好处，所以disregards意思是“忽视”。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Plasticshavealsoeasedtheworld’srelianceonoldermaterials,andonthelivingbeingsfromwhichmanyofthemcame.Thereareperhaps10mpianosintheworld.Ifalltheirwhitekeysweremadeofivory,howmanyelephantswouldremain?(塑料也减轻了世界对旧材料以及许多材料来源的生物的依赖。世界上大约有1000万架钢琴。如果所有的白键都是用象牙做的，那还会剩下多少头大象呢？)”可知，塑料有助于保护野生动物。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Totacklethepollution,thebestapproachisnottobanplastics,buttomanagethemmorecarefully.(为了解决污染问题，最好的方法不是禁止使用塑料，而是更仔细地管理它们)”可知，作者支持改善管理来解决塑料污染问题。故选A。【24题详解】主旨大意题。通