数字图书馆新技术展望

数字图书馆新技术展望

林夏2006年8月新技术还是新观念？从1.0到2.0技术更新了观念的变化更大。从DSPACE到。。。我们刚开始使用DSPACE，但DSPACE的下一代产品已经出来了。它给我们的启示是什么？SeekingaParadigmShift…OndigitalcollectionsFromdocumentstodocumentswithdataFromrepositoriestolearningcommunitiesFromdigitallibrariestocyber-infrastructureOndigitalorganizationsFromastandard-drivenmetadatatoacommunity-based,user-drivensocialclassification.Fromastructured,regulatedinformationspacetoadynamic,self-organizingspaceFromtaggingtosemanticdigitallibrariesTrend1:Fromdocumentcollectionstodocument“datacollections”

Trend2:FromrepositoriestolearningcommunitiesTrend3:FromDigitalLibrariestoCyber-infrastructureCreationsofatechnologicalfoundationforsignificantdiscovery,synthesis,anddisseminationbroughtaboutbytheInformationRevolution.Establishmentacultureofmodernresearchinalltheareas:sciences,engineering,andsocialsciences,andhumanities.Integrationoftechnology,content,andpractice.新一代的数字图书馆必须建立在新的观念上UnderstandthenatureandcharacteristicsofdigitalinformationDigitallibrariesareestablishedonthenetworkedinformationenvironmentStudyemergentbehaviorsoflinksorrelationshipsamonginformationentitiesOrganizeinformationnotonlybyconceptsbutalsobylinksorconnections.PutpeopleandcommunityfirstUsersaredigitallibrariescontributors.Userscollaboratethroughdigitallibraries一门新的学科DigitalInformationOrganization(DIO)

建立在三个学科的基础上TheScienceofNetworksHoweverythingisconnectedtoeverythingelseandwecanstillmakesenseofit.Whatarethecharacteristicsoftheinformationspace?LibraryandInformationScienceHowinformationisdefinedandrepresentedHowinformationseekingactivitiescanbedefinedinacognitiveframeworkCognitiveScienceWhatisknowaboutthemindandhowitprocessesinformationWhatdopeopledowithinformation?SelectedReadingsNetworkScienceBarabasi,A.(2003).Linked:TheNewScienceofNetworks.Watts,D.(2003).Sixdegrees:Thescienceofaconnectedage.LISIngwersen,P.;&Jäevelin,K.(2005).TheTurn:IntegrationofinformationseekingandretrievalincontextSvenonius,E.(2000).Theintellectualfoundationofinformationorganization.CognitiveScienceLakoff,G.,&,.(1990).Woman,fire,anddangerousthings:whatcategoriesrevealaboutthemind.Lamberts,K.,&Shanks,D.(Eds.).(1997).Knowledge,concepts,andcategoriesNetworkedinformationenvironment?TheNewScienceofNetworksThestudyofcomplexityofconnectivity.Thestudyofemergentbehaviorsofphysical,biological,andsocialnetworks.SomeessentialfindingsPowerlawdistributionSmallWorldsSixDegreeofSeparationHubsandConnectorsScale-freenetworksThe80/20ruleRichGetricherHierarchiesandcommunitiesTheFundamentalQuestionTheinformationproblemtodayismovingfromthelackofinformationtoinformationoverload.Whatarethecharacteristicsofsuchashift?Whatchangeswilltheshiftbringtotheinformationenvironment?Howdoweadapttosuchashift?Weneednewknowledgerepresentationmethodsintoday’snetworkedinformationenvironment.Myexploration:

DynamicKnowledgeRepresentationDigitalInformationOrganizationneedstobe:DynamicsNetworkedUser-initiatedCommunity-basedSelf-organizedComparisonofDIOwithThesaurusDIOThesaurusNetwork-basedConcept-basedDynamicstructuresStaticstructures

(suchashierarchy,cross-references)BasedonLargescaledataanalysisBasedonconstructionsofhumanexpertsIntegrationoftheconceptspaceandthedocumentspaceTheindexingspaceisindependentofthedocumentspaceCommunity-basedOrganization-basedTaggingTaggingisverypopularthisyearIt’sakindofsocialbookmarkingIt’sakindofsocialclassification

It’sanewinformationorganizingmethodUser-initiatedConnection-basedCommunity-basedIthasalotoffeaturesof(future)DIOIt’snotthereyet.What’smissing?Whatcanbeimproved?ProblemsofTaggingUsersarefreetouseanywordsortermsastags.Usersarefreetoassigndifferentmeaningstothetagstheyuse.Tagsarenotsemanticallyconnected.Nosemanticstructure?Weneedtobringsemanticsbacktothetags!SemanticDigitalLibrariesEnhancecurrentdigitallibrariesthroughintegrateinformationbasedondifferentmetadatainterfaceontologylanguagesontology-basedsearch/facetsearchcommunity-enabledbrowsingEnforcethetransitionfromastaticinformationspacetoadynamic(collaborative)knowledgespace.SimileSemanticInteroperabilityofmetadataandinformationinunLike

Environments“LeverageandextendDSpace,enhancingitssupportforarbitraryschemasandmetadata,primarilythoughtheapplicationofRDFandSemanticWebtechnology.“W3C,HP,MIT正在合作开发一系列新系统加强DSPACE的原数据的功能将SemanticWebTechnologies应用于数字图书馆SIMILEToolsforMetadataManagersGadget-XMLinspectorRDFizers-BatchtoolstotransformexistingXMLdataintoRDFSolvent-FirefoxextensionforJavascriptscreenscrapingWelkin-Graphicaltooltoinspect/editRDFgraphToolsforEnd-UsersLongwell-Web-basedRDFfacetedmetadatabrowserPiggyBank-FirefoxextensionforpersonalinformationmanagementofmetadatainRDFSemanticBank-Web-basedserverthatallowsdatapublishingandsharingbyindividuals,groups,orcommunitiesBRICKSBuildingResourcesforIntegratedCulturalKnowledgeServicesAdvancedopensourcesoftwaresolutionsforthesharingandtheexploitationofdigitalculturalresources.AccesstodistributedavailableinformationresourcesBRICKSContentManagementstorecontentinternallyorreferencecontentstoredanywhereelseimplementationbasedonJavaContentRepository(JCR)/JackrabbitMetadataMa