2026年高考英语终极冲刺：专题03 阅读理解说明文（大题专练）（全国适用）（解析版）

PAGE4/20专题03阅读理解专题专题说明文内容导航【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分命题·趋势·定位1.选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，如《科学》《新科学家》《实验生物学杂志》等。内容聚焦社会前沿与热点问题，涵盖三大类：1）科技发明类：如人工智能、电动汽车、生物技术等最新成果；2）生态环境类：如气候变化、生物多样性保护、可持续发展等；3）医疗卫生与心理类：如新药研发、身心健康、行为科学等。题材新颖，时代感强。2.语篇结构：说明文结构清晰，通常采用“总分总”的模式。首段引入话题或研究背景，中间段落通过实验、数据、例证等方式展开说明，尾段总结或展望未来。文章逻辑性强，常包含因果、对比、转折等关系。3.命题热点：高频考查角度包括：细节理解题（占比最高，约50%）、推理判断题（约30%）、主旨大意题（约10%）、词义猜测题（约10%）。命题常围绕研究的“目的、过程、结果、意义”以及事物的“特点、功能、影响”等方面展开。4.常见的设问形式：细节理解题：What/Which/Who/When/Where...?推理判断题：Whatcanbeinferred...?/Whatdoestheauthorimply...?主旨大意题：Whatisthebesttitle...?/Whatisthemainidea...?词义猜测题：Theunderlinedword“...”probablymeans...?热点·角度·拆解2023-2025高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文）卷别词数主题话题命题形式2025·全国一卷D篇331人与自然减少自来水中微塑料污染的研究细节理解题、推理判断题2025·全国二卷C篇266人与自然室内植物对心理和工作效率影响细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题2025·全国二卷D篇340人与社会餐厅创意改造被丢弃食材引关注细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题2024·新课标I卷D篇364人与自然引导公民参与生物多样性拍照片细节理解题、推理判断题2024·新课标Ⅱ卷C篇322人与社会推荐AI相关书籍词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题2024·新课标Ⅱ卷D篇351人与自我介绍“动机序列”在演讲中的应用细节理解题、推理判断题2023·新课标I卷C篇315人与社会“群体智慧”效应的研究主旨大意题、推理判断题2023·新课标I卷D篇330人与社会数字极简主义生活方式的倡导细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题热点角度01细节理解题析典例·建模型Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere'stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.【解题建模】第一步，确定定位词“paragraph1”。第二步，找到答题句。定位到第一段，找到关键信息“declinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility”和“packthemintothecarinstead”，说明人们步行减少，开车增多。第三步，比较各选项。C项“Peoplewalklessanddrivemore”与原文信息一致，为正确答案。研考点·通技法第一步确定定位词在题干中确定一两个定位词，如专有名词、数字、年代或核心名词。第二步找到答题句用定位词到原文中去找到含有定位词或其同义词所在的句子。认真研读该句及上下文。第三步比较各选项将四个选项与找到的答题句进行比较，选出与原文表述一致的正确选项。注意排除无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全的选项。破类题·提能力（2026·湖北黄石·二模）ResearchledbyKing’sCollegeLondonoffersconvincingevidencethatviewingoriginalartworkinagallerydoesmorethanupliftthespirit—itmeasurablyimprovesphysicalhealth.Thestudydemonstratesthatthisactivitycansignificantlyreducestressandmayevenstrengthentheimmunesystem.Toinvestigatethephysiologicaleffectsoflookingatart,researchersdesignedanexperimentinvolving50UKvolunteersaged18-40.Participantsweredividedintotwomatchedgroupsbasedonage,gender,andbaselinestresslevels.OnegroupvisitedtheCourtauldGallerytovieworiginalpaintingsbyrenownedartistssuchasVanGoghandGauguin,whiletheotherobservedhigh-qualitydigitalreproductionsofthesameartworksinaneutrallaboratorysetting.Throughoutthe20-minutesession,eachparticipantworeresearch-gradedigitalwatchesthatcontinuouslymonitoredheartratevariabilityandskintemperature—keyindicatorsofautonomicnervoussystemactivity.Saliva(唾液)sampleswerecollectedimmediatelybeforeandaftertheviewingperiodtomeasurebiochemicalchanges.Thesesampleswerelateranalyzedforlevelsofcortisol,ahormonelinkedtostress,whichisassociatedwithinflammation(炎症)andchronicdiseases.Remarkably,researchersfoundthatforthoseviewingoriginalart,levelsofthestresshormonedroppedby22%,whereasthecontrolgrouplevelsfellbyjust8%.Meanwhile,pro-inflammatorycytokines(IL-6andTNF-α),whicharelinkedtostressandanumberofchronicdiseases,droppedby30%and28%respectivelyforgalleryviewers,withnochangeinthecontrolgroup.Thissuggeststhatarthasapotentiallycalmingeffectonthebody’sinflammatoryresponses.“Fromascientificperspective,themostexcitingout-takeisthatarthadapositiveimpactonthreedifferentbodysystems—theimmune,endocrine(内分泌的),andautonomicsystems—simultaneously.Thisisauniquefinding,andsomethingweweregenuinelysurprisedtosee,”explainsDrTonyWoods,whoistheseniorauthorofthestudy.Thougharthaslongbeenassociatedwithimprovedwellbeing,thisstudyprovidesthescientificsupportthatit’shealingforourbodyaswell.1．Whatwasthemaingoaloftheresearch?A．Tocomparedifferentartstyles’effects. B．Topromotevisitstoaspecificartgallery.C．Tomeasureart’sphysicalimpactscientifically. D．Toproveauthenticartboostscreativitygreatly.2．Howwastheexperimentconducted?A．Byusingpsychologicalquestionnaires. B．Bysurveyingartistsandvisitorsseparately.C．Bytestinggroupsunderdifferentconditions. D．Byfocusingonshort-termemotionalchanges.3．Whatkeychangedidoriginalartcause?A．Asharpincreaseinheartrate. B．Ariseinbloodpressurelevels.C．Adropinparticipants’skintemperature. D．Areductioninstressandinflammatorymarkers.4．WhydoesDr.TonyWoodscallthediscovery“unique”?A．Itconfirmsart’slinktomentalpleasure. B．Itusesanewmethodfordatacollection.C．Itfindspressurelevelsdropsignificantly. D．Itshowsartbenefitsmultiplebodysystems.【答案】1．C2．C3．D4．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了伦敦大学研究证实，观赏原作艺术品能显著降低压力激素与炎症指标，同时改善免疫、内分泌等多个身体系统，为艺术有益健康提供科学依据。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“ResearchledbyKing’sCollegeLondonoffersconvincingevidencethatviewingoriginalartworkinagallerydoesmorethanupliftthespirit—itmeasurablyimprovesphysicalhealth.Thestudydemonstratesthatthisactivitycansignificantlyreducestressandmayevenstrengthentheimmunesystem.(由伦敦国王学院开展的一项研究提供了令人信服的证据，表明在画廊欣赏原作不仅能振奋精神，还能切实改善身体健康。该研究表明，这种活动能够显著减轻压力，甚至可能增强免疫系统)”以及第二段“Toinvestigatethephysiologicaleffectsoflookingatart,researchersdesignedanexperimentinvolving50UKvolunteersaged18-40.(为了探究观赏艺术作品对人的生理产生的影响，研究人员设计了一个实验，参与实验的志愿者来自英国，年龄在18至40岁之间，共50人)”可知，这项研究的主要目标是以科学的方式测量艺术的身体影响。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Participantsweredividedintotwomatchedgroupsbasedonage,gender,andbaselinestresslevels.OnegroupvisitedtheCourtauldGallerytovieworiginalpaintingsbyrenownedartistssuchasVanGoghandGauguin,whiletheotherobservedhigh-qualitydigitalreproductionsofthesameartworksinaneutrallaboratorysetting.(参与者根据年龄、性别以及基线压力水平被分为两个匹配组。其中一组参观了考陶德画廊，观看了梵高和高更等著名艺术家的原作画作，而另一组则在一间中立的实验室环境中观看了这些相同画作的高质量数字复制品)”可知，实验是通过在不同条件下对不同组进行测试而进行的。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Meanwhile,pro-inflammatorycytokines(IL-6andTNF-α),whicharelinkedtostressandanumberofchronicdiseases,droppedby30%and28%respectivelyforgalleryviewers,withnochangeinthecontrolgroup.(与此同时，与压力及多种慢性疾病相关的促炎性细胞因子（IL-6和TNF-α）在观展者的体内水平分别下降了30%和28%，而对照组的这些指标则没有变化)”可知，原始艺术降低了压力水平和炎症指标。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Fromascientificperspective,themostexcitingout-takeisthatarthadapositiveimpactonthreedifferentbodysystems—theimmune,endocrine(内分泌的),andautonomicsystems—simultaneously.(从科学的角度来看，最令人兴奋的发现是：艺术对人体的三个不同的生理系统——免疫系统、内分泌系统和自主神经系统——产生了积极的影响，且这种影响是同时作用于这三个系统的)”可知，托尼·伍兹博士称这一发现为“独一无二”是因为它表明艺术能够促进人体多个系统的健康。故选D。热点角度02推理判断题析典例·建模型（2026·浙江·高考真题·D篇）...“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?A.Thenecessityofsocialskills.B.Themeaningofsustainability.C.Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts.D.Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.【解题建模】第一步，定位信息。找到题干中的“mentioningdoctorsandlawyers”定位到最后一段。第二步，理解深层含义。Detrinidad将照顾植物类比为医生行医和律师执业，强调这两者都是需要不断“practice”（练习、实践）的。她接着说，如果植物死了，就去再买一株。第三步，推断意图。她并非在谈论“可持续性”或“专业意见”，而是通过类比说明，养植物需要像专业人士一样进行反复尝试，不怕失败，强调“重复努力”的重要性。故选C。研考点·通技法第一步定位信息源根据题干关键词定位到原文的相应段落或句子。第二步分析字面含义理解原文的字面意思，把握其基本事实和观点。第三步推断深层意图结合上下文、作者态度、逻辑关系（因果、转折、类比等）进行合理推断，得出言外之意。破类题·提能力（2026·浙江金丽衢十二校高三·二模）Whenyou’relearninganewlanguage,therearealotofthingstoremember:spellingrules,grammarrules,punctuationrules…thelistisendless.Butthere’ssomethingthatcanhelpyou:mnemonics[pronounced“nemonics”].Mnemonicsaretechniquestohelpyourememberthings.Thereareavarietyofthem,includingrhymes,spellingacronymsandsentencemnemonics.Rhymesareagreatwaytorememberthings.Thesounds,unusualwordsandrhythmofthemhelpyourecallideas.DoyouknowwhenColumbussailedtoAmerica?There’sarhymetohelpyouwhichgoeslikethis,“Infourteen-hundredandninety-two,Columbussailedtheoceanblue.”Mostpeoplewho’veheardthatneverforgetit!Spellingacronymsinvolvecreatingasentencebasedonthelettersofatargetword.Forexample,thefollowingsentencecanhelpyouwiththespellingoftheword“because”,“Bigelephantscanalwaysunderstandsmallelephants”.Noticehowthefirstletterofeachwordinthesentencespellsouttheword“because”.Andifyoucan’trememberthespellingoftheword“mnemonics”,usethisone“Mikenevereatsmeatornutsincasehe’ssick”!Sentencemnemonicsarealsouseful.Thefollowingcanhelpyouwiththedifferencebetweenthewords“principal”and“principle”,“Aprincipalisyourpalatschool,andaprincipleisabelieforrule.”Orthisonetohelpyourememberthedifferenceinspellingbetween“deserts”(suchastheSahara)and“desserts”(suchasTiramisu),“Adesserthastwosugarssoit’ssweeter,butadesertonlyhasone.”[Thetwo“sugars”mentionedinthesentencerefertothetwos’sintheword“dessert”.]Youcanlearngrammarruleswithsentencemnemonicstoo.Forexample,thisonecanhelpyouwiththepositionofadjectives,“Adjectivescomebeforenounsjustas‘A’comesbefore‘N’.”Andthisonecanhelpyoulearnabouttheuseofapostrophes(撇号),“Apostrophesshowpossession.”Mnemonicscanhelpalotwithlanguagelearning.Whynottryinventingafewofyourown!1．Whataremnemonicsinthepassage?A．Professionaltoolbooks. B．Specificlanguagemodel.C．Languagelearningstrategies. D．Differentlanguagerules.2．WhyistherhymeaboutColumbusmentionedinparagraph3?A．Tocomparerhymeswithothertechniques.B．Toshowhowrhymesmakefactsmemorable.C．ToprovethatColumbuswasagreatexplorer.D．Toexplaintheimportanceofhistoricalevents.3．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofasentencemnemonic?A．“In1066,theNormansdidfix”rhymestheyearoftheNormanConquest.B．“George’selderlyoldgrandfatherrodeapighomeyesterday”helpsspell“geography”.C．“Myveryeducatedmotherjustservedusnoodles”helpsremembertheorderofplanets.D．“Astationerystoresellspaper,whileastationarycardoesn’tmove”differentiateswords.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewithaboutinventingmnemonics?A．Itrequiresspecialtraining. B．Itdoesnottakemuchtimeoreffort.C．Itissomethingreaderscantrythemselves. D．Languageteachersshoulduseitinclass.【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在学习新语言时，助记法（mnemonics）这种有助于记忆的技巧。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mnemonicsaretechniquestohelpyourememberthings.(助记法是帮助你记忆事物的技巧)”以及全文围绕助记法在语言学习中的应用可知，助记法是语言学习策略。故选C项。2．推理判断题。根据据第三段“Rhymesareagreatwaytorememberthings.Thesounds,unusualwordsandrhythmofthemhelpyourecallideas.DoyouknowwhenColumbussailedtoAmerica?There’sarhymetohelpyouwhichgoeslikethis,“Infourteen-hundredandninety-two,Columbussailedtheoceanblue.”Mostpeoplewho’veheardthatneverforgetit!(押韵法是记住事情的好方法。它们的发音、不寻常的词汇和节奏能帮助你回忆起信息。你知道哥伦布什么时候航行到美洲吗？有一首押韵的口诀可以帮助你，“在1492年，哥伦布扬帆蓝色海洋”大多数听过这个口诀的人都不会忘记！)”可知，提到关于哥伦布的押韵口诀是为了展示押韵法如何使事实易于记忆。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Sentencemnemonicsarealsouseful.Thefollowingcanhelpyouwiththedifferencebetweenthewords“principal”and“principle”,“Aprincipalisyourpalatschool,andaprincipleisabelieforrule.”Orthisonetohelpyourememberthedifferenceinspellingbetween“deserts”(suchastheSahara)and“desserts”(suchasTiramisu),“Adesserthastwosugarssoit’ssweeter,butadesertonlyhasone.”[Thetwo“sugars”mentionedinthesentencerefertothetwos’sintheword“dessert”.](句子助记法也很有用。下面这个句子可以帮助你区分“principal”和“principle”这两个词，“校长（principal）是你在学校的好朋友（pal），而原则（principle）是一种信念或规则”或者这个句子可以帮助你记住“deserts”（如撒哈拉沙漠）和“desserts”（如提拉米苏）在拼写上的区别，“甜点（dessert）有两个‘糖’（sugar，这里指单词里的两个s）所以更甜，而沙漠（desert）只有一个”）”可知，句子助记法用于区分单词。D选项“Astationerystoresellspaper,whileastationarycardoesn’tmove”differentiateswords.（“文具店（stationerystore）卖纸，而静止的（stationary）汽车不动”区分单词。）符合句子助记法特点，是句子助记法的例子。故选D项。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mnemonicscanhelpalotwithlanguagelearning.Whynottryinventingafewofyourown!(助记法对语言学习有很大帮助。为什么不试着自己发明一些呢！)”可知，作者认为读者可以自己尝试发明助记法。故选C项。热点角度03词义猜测题析典例·建模型（2026·浙江·高考真题）Whenitcametofakingareview,lengthwasimportanttobelievability,aswasdetail.Along,negativereviewofahotel,completewithlotsofinformation,tendedtoconvinceparticipants.Alengthy,positivereview,ontheotherhand,wasregardedassuspicious,andparticipantstendedtotrustwritersthatkepttheirglowingreviewsshort.Emotionwasalsoimportantinconvincingreaders—orthelackofemotion,atleast.Azimisaysstudyparticipantstendednottotrustreviewswherethewritersexpressedtheirfeelingsinabigway.Themoredispassionatethatnegativewrite-up,themorelikelyitwastotakethereaderin.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“glowing”inparagraph4mean?A.Funny.B.Abusive.C.Insightful.D.Praising.【解题建模】第一步，定位划线词“glowing”在句中的位置，它修饰“reviews”。第二步，分析上下文。前文提到“Alengthy,positivereview...wasregardedassuspicious”，这里将“glowingreviews”与“positivereview”进行了同义替换，说明“glowing”与“positive”意思相近。第三步，推测词义。“positivereview”意为“好评”，因此“glowing”应意为“赞美的、表扬的”，与D项“Praising”同义。研考点·通技法第一步定位划线词在原文中找到划线词所在的句子，明确其在句中的位置和词性。第二步利用上下文线索分析划线词前后的内容，寻找定义、解释、同义词、反义词、因果或举例等线索。第三步代入验证将推测出的词义代入原文，看句子是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。破类题·提能力（2024·全国甲卷高考真题）Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,

scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!1．Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A．It'sasurvivalskill. B．It'staughtbymothercats.C．It'shardtointerpret. D．It'sgettinglouderwithage.2．Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A．Bylisteningforsounds. B．Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C．Bycheckingonsmells. D．Bycommunicatingwithothercats.3．Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A．Performappropriately. B．Movefaster. C．Actstrangely. D．Dobetter.【答案】1．A2．C3．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.(猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.(猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.(许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take...upanotch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。热点角度04主旨大意题析典例·建模型（2026·浙江金丽衢十二校二模）Woodpeckers(啄木鸟)operateatanextremelevel,boringthroughsolidwoodwithforcesmorethan30timestheirownweightanddrillingupto13timesasecond.Howdotheynevermissabeatwhileheadbangingsohard?Itturnsoutthatthebirdstenseuptheirentirebodytosmashthroughwood,lettingoutshort,explosivegruntswitheachstrike,reportBrownUniversitybiologistNicholasAntonsonandhiscolleaguesintheJournalofExperimentalBiology.“Woodpeckersreallyarenature’shammerinasense,”Antonsonsays.Tostudyhowthebirdstap,theresearchersfirsthumanelycapturedeightwildDownyWoodpeckersandcarefullyinsertedelectrodesintotheirmusclesinthelaboratory.Theelectrodesfedintoatiny,fittedbackpackthatrecordedelectricalsignalsfromcontractingmusclesasthebirdspecked.Theyalsocheckedwhetherthewoodpeckersheldtheirbreathduringexertion(用力)(likeweightlifterstendtodo)orexhaled(呼气)(liketennisplayers)whilestrikingthewoodbyexaminingairflowthroughthebirds’airsacs—small,balloon-likestructuresthathelpthembreatheinandout.Bymatchingthesemeasurementswithhigh-speedvideos,thescientiststrackedthewoodpeckers’tapsdowntoeveryfourmilliseconds.Insteadofusingasinglemuscletocontroltheaction,woodpeckersactivated“everymusclefromtheheadtothetail,”Antonsonsays.Thebirdsusedtheirpowerfulhipflexorstopushforward,clenchedtheirtailandabs(腹肌)toprepareforthestrike,andstiffenedthebackoftheirheadandneckoncontact—similartothewayyoumightstiffenthebackofyourwristwhenyouhammeranail.Theythenengagedadifferentsetofhipandneckmusclestodrawback.Thebirdsalsoperfectlypairedtheirpeckswithsharpexhalations“asanothermeansofstabilizingtheircoremusclesandpoweringthroughthosestrikes,”Antonsonexplains.“Tobeabletobreatheout13timespersecondandinhaleontheorderof40millisecondsisreallyimpressive.”Songbirds,whicharen’tcloselyrelatedtowoodpeckers,aretheonlyotherbirdsknowntosopreciselytimetheirbreaths,whichtheydoastheysing.“Peckingisafull-bodyexercise,”saysUniversityofAlabamabiologistNicoleAckermans,whostudiesbraindamageinwoodpeckersandhead-buttingsheep.Coordinating“microbreaths”withmuscleclenchingandcreating“thishammerlikestructureintheirwholebodyissuchauniqueapproach,”sheadds.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Woodpeckers:SmartToolUsersB．Woodpeckers:Nature’sHammersC．Woodpeckers:AmazingStrengthD．Woodpeckers:PowerfulMuscleController【解题建模】第一步，概括文章大意。文章开篇提出问题：啄木鸟如何做到高强度啄击而不受伤？随后通过研究，揭示其通过全身肌肉协调运动（从头部到尾部）和精准配合呼吸来实现高效啄击。第二步，寻找主题句。文章多次强调“fullbodyexercise”、“hammerlikestructure”等。第三步，匹配最佳标题。B项“Woodpeckers:Nature'sHammers”既形象地概括了啄木鸟的啄击行为（如锤子一般），又体现了其全身协调的工作原理，比C项（仅强调力量）和D项（仅强调肌肉控制）更全面、更生动。研考点·通技法第一步概括文章大意通读全文，尤其是首尾段落，把握文章的核心话题和主要内容第二步寻找主题句注意寻找段落主题句，通常位于段首或段尾，以及反复出现的关键词。第三步匹配最佳标题标题应能概括全文主旨，避免以偏概全或过于宽泛。通常选择包含关键词、形象生动且高度概括的选项。破类题·提能力（2025·全国2卷高考真题）WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthepastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathomeleadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”Plantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewwaysbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.1．HowwasDetrinidad’sbusinesswhenitstarted?A．Itfacedtoughcompetition. B．Itsufferedagreatloss.C．Itgotlotsoffinancialsupport. D．Itwentsurprisinglywell.2．WhatisoneofKnuth’sfindingsaboutplants?A．Theyappealmoretostudents. B．Theypurifytheenvironment.C．Theyraisethecortisollevel. D．Theyenhanceproductivity.3．WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?A．Thenecessityofsocialskills. B．Themeaningofsustainability.C．Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts. D．Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TimetoReplaceHouseplants B．PlantsBoostYourMoodC．TipsonChoosingHouseplants D．PlantsBrightenYourHome【答案】1．D2．D3．C4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.(当SonjaDetrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，SonjaDetrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.(Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。4．主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“PlantsBoostYourMood(植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。（建议用时：45分钟）刷模拟A（2026·湖北宜昌市·二模）Whenacoustic(声音的)ecologistMarcusMaederfirstplacedalisteningdeviceinthesoil,hewasunpreparedforwhatheheard.Allsortsofstrangesoundsfloodedhisheadphones,revealingadynamicworldhiddenbeneaththeseeminglyquietground.Ecologistshavelongknownthatsoilishometovastbiodiversity.Injustasinglecupofdirt,researchershavecountedupto100millionlifeforms,rangingfromtinybacteriatolargerinsectsandearthworms.TheseundergroundcreaturesplayavitalroleincyclingnutrientsandsupportinglifeonEarth.Now,inarelativelynewscientificfield,knownassoilbioacoustics,agrowingnumberofbiologistsarecollectingundergroundnoisestoopenawindowintothiscomplexandmysteriousworld.They’vefoundthatsomethingassimpleasametalnailpushedintothedirtcanbecomeasortoflisteningpostifequippedwiththerightsensors.Theacousticdatahelpsscientistsanswerfundamentalquestions,likehowcreaturescommunicateorwhenplantsgrowtheirroots.Beyondbasicresearch,undergroundacousticscouldalsohelpustakebettercareoftheenvironmentanddetectpests(害虫)likeroot-feedinginsects,whichcausebillionsofdollarsindamageannually.Byidentifyingthedistinctivesoundsofthesepests,scientistshopetodevelopmoreeco-friendlystrategiesthatreducetheneedforwidespreadchemicaluse.However,scientistsarealsorecordinglesswelcomesounds:human-madenoises,suchasconstructionortraffic,aredetectableunderground.Moreconcerningisthefindingthatinintensivelyfarmedareas,thenaturalsoundsofsoillifearefading,indicatingaworryingdeclineinbiodiversity.Tohelpmorepeoplerealizewhatwe’reindangeroflosing,MaederhasstartedacitizenscienceprojectthatlendspeopleinSwitzerlandacousticsensorstolistenforundergroundactivitiesthemselves.Therecordingsarebeinggatheredintoanationallibraryofsoilsoundswiththehopeofraisingawareness.Demandsofarishigh,Maedersays.“Thesensorsarealwaysbooked.”1．Whatissoilbioacousticsabout?A．Studyingundergroundlife. B．Trackingplantgrowth.C．Monitoringnoisepollution. D．Recordingnaturalsounds.2．Whatisapracticalapplicationofsoilbioacousticsaccordingtothetext?A．Boostingfarmoutput. B．Improvingtraditionalfarming.C．Enablingtargetedpestcontrol. D．Promotingnon-chemicalsolutions.3．WhatdoesthehighdemandforsensorsinMaeder’sprojectsuggest?A．Severedeclineinsoilhealth. B．Publicinterestinsoilecology.C．Easyaccesstomonitoringtools. D．Needtoincreaseprojectfunding.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthe