2026年高考英语终极冲刺：专题03 阅读理解说明文（大题专练）（全国适用）（原卷版）

PAGE4/20专题03阅读理解专题专题说明文内容导航【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分命题·趋势·定位1.选材特点：文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，如《科学》《新科学家》《实验生物学杂志》等。内容聚焦社会前沿与热点问题，涵盖三大类：1）科技发明类：如人工智能、电动汽车、生物技术等最新成果；2）生态环境类：如气候变化、生物多样性保护、可持续发展等；3）医疗卫生与心理类：如新药研发、身心健康、行为科学等。题材新颖，时代感强。2.语篇结构：说明文结构清晰，通常采用“总分总”的模式。首段引入话题或研究背景，中间段落通过实验、数据、例证等方式展开说明，尾段总结或展望未来。文章逻辑性强，常包含因果、对比、转折等关系。3.命题热点：高频考查角度包括：细节理解题（占比最高，约50%）、推理判断题（约30%）、主旨大意题（约10%）、词义猜测题（约10%）。命题常围绕研究的“目的、过程、结果、意义”以及事物的“特点、功能、影响”等方面展开。4.常见的设问形式：细节理解题：What/Which/Who/When/Where...?推理判断题：Whatcanbeinferred...?/Whatdoestheauthorimply...?主旨大意题：Whatisthebesttitle...?/Whatisthemainidea...?词义猜测题：Theunderlinedword“...”probablymeans...?热点·角度·拆解2023-2025高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文）卷别词数主题话题命题形式2025·全国一卷D篇331人与自然减少自来水中微塑料污染的研究细节理解题、推理判断题2025·全国二卷C篇266人与自然室内植物对心理和工作效率影响细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题2025·全国二卷D篇340人与社会餐厅创意改造被丢弃食材引关注细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题2024·新课标I卷D篇364人与自然引导公民参与生物多样性拍照片细节理解题、推理判断题2024·新课标Ⅱ卷C篇322人与社会推荐AI相关书籍词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题2024·新课标Ⅱ卷D篇351人与自我介绍“动机序列”在演讲中的应用细节理解题、推理判断题2023·新课标I卷C篇315人与社会“群体智慧”效应的研究主旨大意题、推理判断题2023·新课标I卷D篇330人与社会数字极简主义生活方式的倡导细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题热点角度01细节理解题析典例·建模型Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere'stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.【解题建模】第一步，确定定位词“paragraph1”。第二步，找到答题句。定位到第一段，找到关键信息“declinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility”和“packthemintothecarinstead”，说明人们步行减少，开车增多。第三步，比较各选项。C项“Peoplewalklessanddrivemore”与原文信息一致，为正确答案。研考点·通技法第一步确定定位词在题干中确定一两个定位词，如专有名词、数字、年代或核心名词。第二步找到答题句用定位词到原文中去找到含有定位词或其同义词所在的句子。认真研读该句及上下文。第三步比较各选项将四个选项与找到的答题句进行比较，选出与原文表述一致的正确选项。注意排除无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全的选项。破类题·提能力（2026·湖北黄石·二模）ResearchledbyKing’sCollegeLondonoffersconvincingevidencethatviewingoriginalartworkinagallerydoesmorethanupliftthespirit—itmeasurablyimprovesphysicalhealth.Thestudydemonstratesthatthisactivitycansignificantlyreducestressandmayevenstrengthentheimmunesystem.Toinvestigatethephysiologicaleffectsoflookingatart,researchersdesignedanexperimentinvolving50UKvolunteersaged18-40.Participantsweredividedintotwomatchedgroupsbasedonage,gender,andbaselinestresslevels.OnegroupvisitedtheCourtauldGallerytovieworiginalpaintingsbyrenownedartistssuchasVanGoghandGauguin,whiletheotherobservedhigh-qualitydigitalreproductionsofthesameartworksinaneutrallaboratorysetting.Throughoutthe20-minutesession,eachparticipantworeresearch-gradedigitalwatchesthatcontinuouslymonitoredheartratevariabilityandskintemperature—keyindicatorsofautonomicnervoussystemactivity.Saliva(唾液)sampleswerecollectedimmediatelybeforeandaftertheviewingperiodtomeasurebiochemicalchanges.Thesesampleswerelateranalyzedforlevelsofcortisol,ahormonelinkedtostress,whichisassociatedwithinflammation(炎症)andchronicdiseases.Remarkably,researchersfoundthatforthoseviewingoriginalart,levelsofthestresshormonedroppedby22%,whereasthecontrolgrouplevelsfellbyjust8%.Meanwhile,pro-inflammatorycytokines(IL-6andTNF-α),whicharelinkedtostressandanumberofchronicdiseases,droppedby30%and28%respectivelyforgalleryviewers,withnochangeinthecontrolgroup.Thissuggeststhatarthasapotentiallycalmingeffectonthebody’sinflammatoryresponses.“Fromascientificperspective,themostexcitingout-takeisthatarthadapositiveimpactonthreedifferentbodysystems—theimmune,endocrine(内分泌的),andautonomicsystems—simultaneously.Thisisauniquefinding,andsomethingweweregenuinelysurprisedtosee,”explainsDrTonyWoods,whoistheseniorauthorofthestudy.Thougharthaslongbeenassociatedwithimprovedwellbeing,thisstudyprovidesthescientificsupportthatit’shealingforourbodyaswell.1．Whatwasthemaingoaloftheresearch?A．Tocomparedifferentartstyles’effects. B．Topromotevisitstoaspecificartgallery.C．Tomeasureart’sphysicalimpactscientifically. D．Toproveauthenticartboostscreativitygreatly.2．Howwastheexperimentconducted?A．Byusingpsychologicalquestionnaires. B．Bysurveyingartistsandvisitorsseparately.C．Bytestinggroupsunderdifferentconditions. D．Byfocusingonshort-termemotionalchanges.3．Whatkeychangedidoriginalartcause?A．Asharpincreaseinheartrate. B．Ariseinbloodpressurelevels.C．Adropinparticipants’skintemperature. D．Areductioninstressandinflammatorymarkers.4．WhydoesDr.TonyWoodscallthediscovery“unique”?A．Itconfirmsart’slinktomentalpleasure. B．Itusesanewmethodfordatacollection.C．Itfindspressurelevelsdropsignificantly. D．Itshowsartbenefitsmultiplebodysystems.热点角度02推理判断题析典例·建模型（2026·浙江·高考真题·D篇）...“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?A.Thenecessityofsocialskills.B.Themeaningofsustainability.C.Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts.D.Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.【解题建模】第一步，定位信息。找到题干中的“mentioningdoctorsandlawyers”定位到最后一段。第二步，理解深层含义。Detrinidad将照顾植物类比为医生行医和律师执业，强调这两者都是需要不断“practice”（练习、实践）的。她接着说，如果植物死了，就去再买一株。第三步，推断意图。她并非在谈论“可持续性”或“专业意见”，而是通过类比说明，养植物需要像专业人士一样进行反复尝试，不怕失败，强调“重复努力”的重要性。故选C。研考点·通技法第一步定位信息源根据题干关键词定位到原文的相应段落或句子。第二步分析字面含义理解原文的字面意思，把握其基本事实和观点。第三步推断深层意图结合上下文、作者态度、逻辑关系（因果、转折、类比等）进行合理推断，得出言外之意。破类题·提能力（2026·浙江金丽衢十二校高三·二模）Whenyou’relearninganewlanguage,therearealotofthingstoremember:spellingrules,grammarrules,punctuationrules…thelistisendless.Butthere’ssomethingthatcanhelpyou:mnemonics[pronounced“nemonics”].Mnemonicsaretechniquestohelpyourememberthings.Thereareavarietyofthem,includingrhymes,spellingacronymsandsentencemnemonics.Rhymesareagreatwaytorememberthings.Thesounds,unusualwordsandrhythmofthemhelpyourecallideas.DoyouknowwhenColumbussailedtoAmerica?There’sarhymetohelpyouwhichgoeslikethis,“Infourteen-hundredandninety-two,Columbussailedtheoceanblue.”Mostpeoplewho’veheardthatneverforgetit!Spellingacronymsinvolvecreatingasentencebasedonthelettersofatargetword.Forexample,thefollowingsentencecanhelpyouwiththespellingoftheword“because”,“Bigelephantscanalwaysunderstandsmallelephants”.Noticehowthefirstletterofeachwordinthesentencespellsouttheword“because”.Andifyoucan’trememberthespellingoftheword“mnemonics”,usethisone“Mikenevereatsmeatornutsincasehe’ssick”!Sentencemnemonicsarealsouseful.Thefollowingcanhelpyouwiththedifferencebetweenthewords“principal”and“principle”,“Aprincipalisyourpalatschool,andaprincipleisabelieforrule.”Orthisonetohelpyourememberthedifferenceinspellingbetween“deserts”(suchastheSahara)and“desserts”(suchasTiramisu),“Adesserthastwosugarssoit’ssweeter,butadesertonlyhasone.”[Thetwo“sugars”mentionedinthesentencerefertothetwos’sintheword“dessert”.]Youcanlearngrammarruleswithsentencemnemonicstoo.Forexample,thisonecanhelpyouwiththepositionofadjectives,“Adjectivescomebeforenounsjustas‘A’comesbefore‘N’.”Andthisonecanhelpyoulearnabouttheuseofapostrophes(撇号),“Apostrophesshowpossession.”Mnemonicscanhelpalotwithlanguagelearning.Whynottryinventingafewofyourown!1．Whataremnemonicsinthepassage?A．Professionaltoolbooks. B．Specificlanguagemodel.C．Languagelearningstrategies. D．Differentlanguagerules.2．WhyistherhymeaboutColumbusmentionedinparagraph3?A．Tocomparerhymeswithothertechniques.B．Toshowhowrhymesmakefactsmemorable.C．ToprovethatColumbuswasagreatexplorer.D．Toexplaintheimportanceofhistoricalevents.3．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofasentencemnemonic?A．“In1066,theNormansdidfix”rhymestheyearoftheNormanConquest.B．“George’selderlyoldgrandfatherrodeapighomeyesterday”helpsspell“geography”.C．“Myveryeducatedmotherjustservedusnoodles”helpsremembertheorderofplanets.D．“Astationerystoresellspaper,whileastationarycardoesn’tmove”differentiateswords.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewithaboutinventingmnemonics?A．Itrequiresspecialtraining. B．Itdoesnottakemuchtimeoreffort.C．Itissomethingreaderscantrythemselves. D．Languageteachersshoulduseitinclass.热点角度03词义猜测题析典例·建模型（2026·浙江·高考真题）Whenitcametofakingareview,lengthwasimportanttobelievability,aswasdetail.Along,negativereviewofahotel,completewithlotsofinformation,tendedtoconvinceparticipants.Alengthy,positivereview,ontheotherhand,wasregardedassuspicious,andparticipantstendedtotrustwritersthatkepttheirglowingreviewsshort.Emotionwasalsoimportantinconvincingreaders—orthelackofemotion,atleast.Azimisaysstudyparticipantstendednottotrustreviewswherethewritersexpressedtheirfeelingsinabigway.Themoredispassionatethatnegativewrite-up,themorelikelyitwastotakethereaderin.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“glowing”inparagraph4mean?A.Funny.B.Abusive.C.Insightful.D.Praising.【解题建模】第一步，定位划线词“glowing”在句中的位置，它修饰“reviews”。第二步，分析上下文。前文提到“Alengthy,positivereview...wasregardedassuspicious”，这里将“glowingreviews”与“positivereview”进行了同义替换，说明“glowing”与“positive”意思相近。第三步，推测词义。“positivereview”意为“好评”，因此“glowing”应意为“赞美的、表扬的”，与D项“Praising”同义。研考点·通技法第一步定位划线词在原文中找到划线词所在的句子，明确其在句中的位置和词性。第二步利用上下文线索分析划线词前后的内容，寻找定义、解释、同义词、反义词、因果或举例等线索。第三步代入验证将推测出的词义代入原文，看句子是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。破类题·提能力（2024·全国甲卷高考真题）Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,

scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!1．Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A．It'sasurvivalskill. B．It'staughtbymothercats.C．It'shardtointerpret. D．It'sgettinglouderwithage.2．Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A．Bylisteningforsounds. B．Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C．Bycheckingonsmells. D．Bycommunicatingwithothercats.3．Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A．Performappropriately. B．Movefaster. C．Actstrangely. D．Dobetter.热点角度04主旨大意题析典例·建模型（2026·浙江金丽衢十二校二模）Woodpeckers(啄木鸟)operateatanextremelevel,boringthroughsolidwoodwithforcesmorethan30timestheirownweightanddrillingupto13timesasecond.Howdotheynevermissabeatwhileheadbangingsohard?Itturnsoutthatthebirdstenseuptheirentirebodytosmashthroughwood,lettingoutshort,explosivegruntswitheachstrike,reportBrownUniversitybiologistNicholasAntonsonandhiscolleaguesintheJournalofExperimentalBiology.“Woodpeckersreallyarenature’shammerinasense,”Antonsonsays.Tostudyhowthebirdstap,theresearchersfirsthumanelycapturedeightwildDownyWoodpeckersandcarefullyinsertedelectrodesintotheirmusclesinthelaboratory.Theelectrodesfedintoatiny,fittedbackpackthatrecordedelectricalsignalsfromcontractingmusclesasthebirdspecked.Theyalsocheckedwhetherthewoodpeckersheldtheirbreathduringexertion(用力)(likeweightlifterstendtodo)orexhaled(呼气)(liketennisplayers)whilestrikingthewoodbyexaminingairflowthroughthebirds’airsacs—small,balloon-likestructuresthathelpthembreatheinandout.Bymatchingthesemeasurementswithhigh-speedvideos,thescientiststrackedthewoodpeckers’tapsdowntoeveryfourmilliseconds.Insteadofusingasinglemuscletocontroltheaction,woodpeckersactivated“everymusclefromtheheadtothetail,”Antonsonsays.Thebirdsusedtheirpowerfulhipflexorstopushforward,clenchedtheirtailandabs(腹肌)toprepareforthestrike,andstiffenedthebackoftheirheadandneckoncontact—similartothewayyoumightstiffenthebackofyourwristwhenyouhammeranail.Theythenengagedadifferentsetofhipandneckmusclestodrawback.Thebirdsalsoperfectlypairedtheirpeckswithsharpexhalations“asanothermeansofstabilizingtheircoremusclesandpoweringthroughthosestrikes,”Antonsonexplains.“Tobeabletobreatheout13timespersecondandinhaleontheorderof40millisecondsisreallyimpressive.”Songbirds,whicharen’tcloselyrelatedtowoodpeckers,aretheonlyotherbirdsknowntosopreciselytimetheirbreaths,whichtheydoastheysing.“Peckingisafull-bodyexercise,”saysUniversityofAlabamabiologistNicoleAckermans,whostudiesbraindamageinwoodpeckersandhead-buttingsheep.Coordinating“microbreaths”withmuscleclenchingandcreating“thishammerlikestructureintheirwholebodyissuchauniqueapproach,”sheadds.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Woodpeckers:SmartToolUsersB．Woodpeckers:Nature’sHammersC．Woodpeckers:AmazingStrengthD．Woodpeckers:PowerfulMuscleController【解题建模】第一步，概括文章大意。文章开篇提出问题：啄木鸟如何做到高强度啄击而不受伤？随后通过研究，揭示其通过全身肌肉协调运动（从头部到尾部）和精准配合呼吸来实现高效啄击。第二步，寻找主题句。文章多次强调“fullbodyexercise”、“hammerlikestructure”等。第三步，匹配最佳标题。B项“Woodpeckers:Nature'sHammers”既形象地概括了啄木鸟的啄击行为（如锤子一般），又体现了其全身协调的工作原理，比C项（仅强调力量）和D项（仅强调肌肉控制）更全面、更生动。研考点·通技法第一步概括文章大意通读全文，尤其是首尾段落，把握文章的核心话题和主要内容第二步寻找主题句注意寻找段落主题句，通常位于段首或段尾，以及反复出现的关键词。第三步匹配最佳标题标题应能概括全文主旨，避免以偏概全或过于宽泛。通常选择包含关键词、形象生动且高度概括的选项。破类题·提能力（2025·全国2卷高考真题）WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthepastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathomeleadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”Plantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewwaysbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.1．HowwasDetrinidad’sbusinesswhenitstarted?A．Itfacedtoughcompetition. B．Itsufferedagreatloss.C．Itgotlotsoffinancialsupport. D．Itwentsurprisinglywell.2．WhatisoneofKnuth’sfindingsaboutplants?A．Theyappealmoretostudents. B．Theypurifytheenvironment.C．Theyraisethecortisollevel. D．Theyenhanceproductivity.3．WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?A．Thenecessityofsocialskills. B．Themeaningofsustainability.C．Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts. D．Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TimetoReplaceHouseplants B．PlantsBoostYourMoodC．TipsonChoosingHouseplants D．PlantsBrightenYourHome（建议用时：45分钟）刷模拟A（2026·湖北宜昌市·二模）Whenacoustic(声音的)ecologistMarcusMaederfirstplacedalisteningdeviceinthesoil,hewasunpreparedforwhatheheard.Allsortsofstrangesoundsfloodedhisheadphones,revealingadynamicworldhiddenbeneaththeseeminglyquietground.Ecologistshavelongknownthatsoilishometovastbiodiversity.Injustasinglecupofdirt,researchershavecountedupto100millionlifeforms,rangingfromtinybacteriatolargerinsectsandearthworms.TheseundergroundcreaturesplayavitalroleincyclingnutrientsandsupportinglifeonEarth.Now,inarelativelynewscientificfield,knownassoilbioacoustics,agrowingnumberofbiologistsarecollectingundergroundnoisestoopenawindowintothiscomplexandmysteriousworld.They’vefoundthatsomethingassimpleasametalnailpushedintothedirtcanbecomeasortoflisteningpostifequippedwiththerightsensors.Theacousticdatahelpsscientistsanswerfundamentalquestions,likehowcreaturescommunicateorwhenplantsgrowtheirroots.Beyondbasicresearch,undergroundacousticscouldalsohelpustakebettercareoftheenvironmentanddetectpests(害虫)likeroot-feedinginsects,whichcausebillionsofdollarsindamageannually.Byidentifyingthedistinctivesoundsofthesepests,scientistshopetodevelopmoreeco-friendlystrategiesthatreducetheneedforwidespreadchemicaluse.However,scientistsarealsorecordinglesswelcomesounds:human-madenoises,suchasconstructionortraffic,aredetectableunderground.Moreconcerningisthefindingthatinintensivelyfarmedareas,thenaturalsoundsofsoillifearefading,indicatingaworryingdeclineinbiodiversity.Tohelpmorepeoplerealizewhatwe’reindangeroflosing,MaederhasstartedacitizenscienceprojectthatlendspeopleinSwitzerlandacousticsensorstolistenforundergroundactivitiesthemselves.Therecordingsarebeinggatheredintoanationallibraryofsoilsoundswiththehopeofraisingawareness.Demandsofarishigh,Maedersays.“Thesensorsarealwaysbooked.”1．Whatissoilbioacousticsabout?A．Studyingundergroundlife. B．Trackingplantgrowth.C．Monitoringnoisepollution. D．Recordingnaturalsounds.2．Whatisapracticalapplicationofsoilbioacousticsaccordingtothetext?A．Boostingfarmoutput. B．Improvingtraditionalfarming.C．Enablingtargetedpestcontrol. D．Promotingnon-chemicalsolutions.3．WhatdoesthehighdemandforsensorsinMaeder’sprojectsuggest?A．Severedeclineinsoilhealth. B．Publicinterestinsoilecology.C．Easyaccesstomonitoringtools. D．Needtoincreaseprojectfunding.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhySoilIsNoLongerSilent B．ExploringanUndergroundWorldC．ListeningtotheHiddenSoundsofSoil D．HowHumanNoiseAffectsBiodiversityB（2026·四川省内江市·二模）Intoday’srapidlyurbanizingworld,citiesaretransformingintocomplexdigitalecosystems,andthenextbigshiftisalreadyunderway:collaborativesensing(CS).Asurbanpopulationswellsandunderlyingfacilitiescomeunderpressure,theneedforintelligent,responsive,andefficientcitysystemshasneverbeenmoreurgent.Entersmartcities—urbanareaspoweredbyconnectedtechnologies—andattheheartofthistransformationliesapowerfulconceptthatisquietlyreshapingurbanlife:collaborativesensing.CS,sometimesreferredtoasparticipatoryorcrowdsensing,istheprocesswherenumerousdevicesandpeoplecontributedatatocollectivelymonitor,analyze,andimproveacity’soperations.Fromdetectingairpollutiontomaximizingtrafficfloworevenpredictingnaturaldisasters,CSallowscitiestogainareal-time,specificunderstandingofwhat’shappeningontheground.Thisisn’tjustaboutsensorsplantedonstreetlights—it’saboutsmartphones,vehicles,wearables,andpublicfacilitiesworkingintegratedly.Thisinterconnectedapproachholdsmassivepotential.Imagineacitywhereholesareidentifiedbytheshakingofyourcar,wheregarbagepickupisimprovedbasedonbinfilllevels,orwheretheurbanheatislandeffectisreducedthroughcollectivetemperaturemapping.Thesearenotfuturepredictions—they’rerealprojectsalreadyunfoldinginglobaltech-forwardcitieslikeSingapore,Barcelona,andAmsterdam.Butthisshiftisn’twithoutitsquestions.Whoownsthedata?Howdowebalancemonitoringandprivacy?Andcansmallerordevelopingcitiestapintothiswaveofinnovation?Lookingahead,thequestionisnolongerifcitieswilladoptCS—it’showquicklyandhowresponsibly.Whetheryou’reapolicymaker,urbanplanner,developer,orengagedcitizen,nowisthetimetogetinvolvedinshapingtheconnectedcitiesoftomorrowanddivedeepintohowCSisredefiningtheblueprintforsmartcities.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“swells”meaninparagraph1?A．Expands. B．Appears. C．Removes. D．Stabilizes.2．WhatcanbeinferredaboutCSinparagraphs2-3?A．Itreliesmainlyonpublicsensors. B．Dailydevicescanbeusedasitstools.C．Tech-forwardcitiesgainmorefromit. D．Itsprojectsareresistedinadvancedcities.3．Whydoesthewriterraisequestionsinparagraph4?A．TosuggestthatCSbedelayedindefinitely.B．Toprovethatprivacyoutweighsinnovation.C．ToimplythatCSisinaccessibletopoorcities.D．Toshowthatunresolvedissuesneedattention.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AFreshSolutionforSmarterCities. B．SmartCitiesinWealthyUrbanAreas.C．Smartphone-DrivenCityManagement. D．PotentialRisksinUrbanDataCollection.C（2026·安徽安庆市·二模）FromFlorida’sWetlands,theMiccosukeepeoplehavelongsharedislandswitha7-footfemalealligator(短吻鳄),warmlycalledMamaGator.For60years,they’veobservedhershapetheecosystem:diggingpondstoholdwaterindryseasonsandbuildingraisednestsforeggsinrainyseasons,withhumanskeepingarespectfuldistanceduringnesting.Thisclosecoexistencemirrorsabroadertruth—alligatorsarevital“ecosystemengineers,”notjustcold-bloodedkillers.ScientificresearchnowbackstheMiccosukeepeople’swisdom.Alligatorpondsserveassheltersforfish,frogsandplantsduringdryseasons,whiletheirnestscreatedryplatformsforotheranimalsandbirds.Waterbirdsevennestabovealligators,whichactasbodyguardsagainstring-tailedbears,inatwo-waybeneficialarrangement.Astoppredators(捕食者),alligatorsmovenutrientsaroundbymovingbetweenhabitats,eatingincoastalareasandansweringthecallofnatureupstream,boostingthefoodwebfromwaterplantstolargeranimals.Onceontheedgeofextinctionduetohuntingfortheirskinsinthe19thand20thcenturies,Americanalligatorsmadearemarkablecomebackafter1967protectionlaws,withwildpopulationsrecoveringtooverthreemillioninFloridaandLouisiana.Today,researchersuncovermorehiddenbenefits:alligator-richwetlandsstorehighlevelsofcarbon,aidingclimatechangecontrol,andsomealligatorsexhibitsurprisingadaptability—fromresidentindividualsstayingclosetohometohighlymobileonestravelinghundredsofkilometerstocoastalwatersforfood,despitelackingsalt-processingglands(腺体).Conservationefforts,includinglandowners’head-startingprogramsandtheMiccosukeepeople’segg-rescueinitiatives,continuetosafeguardalligators.Biologistsstressthattheseanimalsdeserverecognitionnotasmonsters,butaskindguardiansthatmaintainfreshwaterecosystems,supportbiodiversityandfightclimatechange.AstheMiccosukeeknow,coexistingwithalligatorsmeansrespectingnature’sdelicatebalance.1．HowdoesMamaGatoraffectthelocalenvironment?A．BylivingwiththeMiccosukeepeople. B．Bykeepingadistancefromhumans.C．Bycreatingpondsandhighnests. D．Byboostingtheoriginalfoodweb.2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactofAlligatorponds?A．Wide-ranging. B．Double-edged. C．Short-lived. D．Time-limited.3．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph3?A．Americanalligatorscanprocesssalt. B．The1967lawshaveproveneffective.C．Nearbyhabitatshavebeendestroyed. D．Adaptabilityofspeciesissignificant.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Alligators:ProtectorsoftheEcosystem. B．MamaGator:AStaroftheGrassland.C．TheMiccosukee:GuardiansofNature. D．Wetlands:SitesofConservationEfforts.D（2026·湖北宜昌市·二模）Healing(修复)theEarth:YouCanBeanEcosystemEngineerFacingclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss,apowerfulstrategyistransformingourapproach:Nature-basedSolutions(NbS).Insteadofrelyingonlyonconcreteandsteel,NbSworkswithnaturetorestoreecosystems,benefitingbothpeopleandtheplanet.✿HowNbSComparestoTraditionalEngineeringThecoreofNbSisusingnaturalprocesses.AsshowninTable1,solutionslikerestoringwetlandsorplantingurbanforestsprovidemultipleco-benefitsthattraditional“Grey”infrastructure(基础设施)oftenlacks.Table1:Compari