2026年高考英语终极冲刺：大题预测02 阅读理解说明文+语法填空（全国适用）（解析版）

PAGE4/20大题预测02阅读理解说明文+语法填空（时间：40分钟满分：60分）一、阅读理解（30分）A（2026·浙江宁波市·二模）Theoceanmayappearboundless.It’seasytoimaginethatfishandotheroceancreaturesswimfreelywithoutrestriction.Thatassumption,however,ismistaken.AccordingtoecologistKarissaLear,manyoceanspeciessticktospecifichabitatsandseldomgobeyondthem.Thishabitcancauseunexpectedlybigproblems,especiallywhenhuman-builtstructuresgetintheway.Take,forexample,thegreensawfishlivingnearthemouthoftheAshburtonRiverinWesternAustralia.In2017,alargestructurewasbuiltbytheshore,stretchingabout550yardsintothesea.AsLearhadfeared,theconstructiondidharmthecriticallyendangeredgreensawfish—theywereunabletopassaroundthebarrier.ToLear,thisdiscoverysupportedasurprisingnewideathatoceananimals,muchlikelandspecies,needahelpinghandgettingaroundhuman-builtstructures.Onland,wildlifecrossingsarebecomingmorecommon.Greenbridges,forinstance,helpbearsandelkavoidaroadinCanada’sBanffNationalPark.In2022,awildlifecrossinginWashingtonStatewasusedmorethan5,000timesbyanimalssuchasdeerandcoyotes.Althoughthebridgesarealreadypopularonland,Learsayslittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheideaofwildlifecrossingsdesignedtohelpoceananimalsgetaroundsafely.Foroceananimals,toomanybarrierscancutthemofffromimportantfeedingsites.Overlylimitedmovementcanleadtothedevelopmentofisolatedgroupsthataremorelikelytogoextinct.WithmorelargestructuresplannedfortheAshburtonRiverarea,Learsaysthecumulative(累积的)effectofmultiplebarriersisarealconcernforthegreensawfish’sfuture.Astheclimatecontinuestochange,payingattentiontotheneedsofoceananimalsisimportant.Manyaremovingfarthernorth,andtheyneedsuitablehabitatstomovethrough.Toaddressthis,wecancreatecrossingsthroughhuman-builtstructuresorprotecthabitatsalongtheirmigrationroutes.Aswecontinuetoengineertheocean,sucheffortscouldgoalongwaytowardprotectingoceanlife.1．Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A．Bydetailingresearchfindings. B．Bydescribinganaturalscene.C．Byaddressingpublicconcerns. D．Bychallengingacommonbelief.2．WhateffectdidthestructureneartheAshburtonRiverhave?A．Itprovidedanewhabitatforoceanlife.B．Itblockedthepathofthegreensawfish.C．Itattractedmorenewspeciestothearea.D．Itdrovethegreensawfishintodeepwaters.3．WhatdoesLearimplyaboutwildlifecrossings?A．Theyhavereducedroadaccidentsonland.B．Theywillreplaceoceanbarrierseventually.C．Theyhavedestroyedlandanimals’habitats.D．Theyareurgentlyneededforoceananimals.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WildlifeCrossings:FromLandtoSea B．WhenOceanLifeIsinDangerC．TheSawfishThatLostTheirWayHome D．OceanStructures:NoHarmDone【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋动物因人类建造的结构面临生存障碍，呼吁建立海洋动物通道以保护其生存。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theoceanmayappearboundless.It’seasytoimaginethatfishandotheroceancreaturesswimfreelywithoutrestriction.Thatassumption,however,ismistaken.(海洋似乎无边无际。人们很容易想象鱼类和其他海洋生物可以不受限制地自由游动。然而，这种假设是错误的)”可知，作者通过挑战一个普遍的观念来引出问题。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“AsLearhadfeared,theconstructiondidharmthecriticallyendangeredgreensawfish—theywereunabletopassaroundthebarrier.(正如Lear所担心的那样，这项工程确实对极度濒危的绿锯鳐造成了伤害——它们无法绕过障碍物)”可知，阿什伯顿河附近的结构阻挡了绿锯鳐的路径。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Althoughthebridgesarealreadypopularonland,Learsayslittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheideaofwildlifecrossingsdesignedtohelpoceananimalsgetaroundsafely.(尽管这种桥梁在陆地上已经很受欢迎，但Lear表示，专门为帮助海洋动物安全通行而设计的野生动物通道却很少受到关注)”以及第四段中“WithmorelargestructuresplannedfortheAshburtonRiverarea,Learsaysthecumulative(累积的)effectofmultiplebarriersisarealconcernforthegreensawfish’sfuture.(随着阿什伯顿河地区计划建造更多的大型建筑，Lear表示，多重障碍的累积效应确实令人担忧绿锯鳐的未来)”可推知，Lear暗示海洋动物迫切需要野生动物通道。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Onland,wildlifecrossingsarebecomingmorecommon.(在陆地上，野生动物通道越来越普遍)”、最后一段中“Toaddressthis,wecancreatecrossingsthroughhuman-builtstructuresorprotecthabitatsalongtheirmigrationroutes.(为了解决这个问题，我们可以在人类建造的结构中建立通道，或者保护它们迁徙路线上的栖息地)”以及结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了海洋动物因人类建造的结构面临生存障碍，呼吁建立海洋动物通道以保护其生存。由此可知，A选项“野生动物通道：从陆地到海洋”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。B（2026·浙江绍兴·二模）Whenspringarrives,keepingwarmbecomeslessofanissue.However,scientistsremindusitisnotjustaseasonalnecessity—heatisalsoavaluableenergyresourcethatcanbestored.ResearchersatKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU)havediscoveredaninnovativesolutionbeneathourfeet:usingsoilasanefficientthermalenergy(热能)storagesystem.KTUprofessorDrTadasŽdankusandhisteamhavebeeninvestigatinghowthegroundcanserveasamediumforheatstorage.Atthecoreoftheirresearchisaground-basedheataccumulatorthatwouldstoreleftenergyundergroundandmakeitavailablewhendemandpeaks.Initially,theteamexploredhowtousewindenergytoproduceheatviaahydraulicsystem(液压系统).Theyfoundthatso-calledhydrauliclosses,typicallyseenasinefficiencies,wereactuallygeneratingusableheat.However,partofheatwaslostbeforereachingbuildings.Thequestionbecamehowtonotonlydecreaseheatlossbutalsostoreit.Totestthisidea,theresearchersconductedexperimentsusinganartificialheatsourceplacedinsurfacesoillayers.Theymeasuredhowheatspreadsandpersistsintheground.Inonetest,whenthesoilwasheatedtotheboilingpoint,itcausedaphasechange(相变),inwhichliquidwaterbecomesvapor.“Phasechangecanbeanefficientway.Wenoticedasharptemperaturerisewhereverthevapourflowreached.Thismeanstheenergyismovingandcanbecontrolled.”saysProf.Ždankus.Oncethepossibilityofundergroundheatstoragewasconfirmed,researchersbeganexploringitspracticalapplications.Theydevelopedapilotmodelgroundenergycelltostudyhowheatspreadthroughsoil.Theyear-longmeasurementsrevealedthesoilbeneathbuildingscouldpassivelystoreheat,makinguseofthenaturaldownwardflowofheatfrombuildingsintotheground.Toputtheseground-basedstoragesystemsintowidespreaduse,researchersarenowdevelopingscaled-downpilotmodelsandrefiningheatdistributioncontrolmethods.“Ourimmediategoalistointegrateexistingsolutionsintoasystemthatcanbenefitbothindustryandresidentialsectors.”Ždankusconcludes.5．WhatisthemaingoaloftheKTUresearchproject?A．Toreducewinterheatingcosts. B．Tocapturethermalenergyfromsoil.C．Tostoreundergroundheatforlateruse. D．Topromotehydraulicsystemefficiency.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3-4?A．Phasechangemakesheatcontrolpossible. B．Hydrauliclossescanbeavoidedbyheattransfer.C．Vapourflowcontributestobigtemperaturedrops. D．Heatproductionposesagreatchallengetoexperts.7．Whatareresearchersdoingforthepracticaluseofthesystems?A．Buildinglarge-scaleindustrialheatingsystems. B．Developingtestmodelswithimprovedcontrol.C．Applyingthetechnologytoresidentialsectors. D．Reducingtheenergyconsumptionofbuildings.8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．FromWindtoWarmth:anUnexpectedPathB．FutureSystem:UnitingIndustryandHomeHeatingC．ANewDiscovery:TurningHydraulicLossintoGainD．TheGroundBeneath:ANewFrontierinHeatStorage【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了考纳斯理工大学(KTU)的研究人员发现可以利用土壤作为高效的热能储存系统，介绍了该研究的背景、过程、实际应用以及未来的发展方向。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Atthecoreoftheirresearchisaground-basedheataccumulatorthatwouldstoreleftenergyundergroundandmakeitavailablewhendemandpeaks.(他们研究的核心是一个基于地面的热蓄能器，它可以将剩余的能量储存在地下，并在需求高峰时提供能量。)”可知，KTU研究项目的主要目标是将地下的热量储存起来以备后用。故选C项。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Inonetest,whenthesoilwasheatedtotheboilingpoint,itcausedaphasechange(相变),inwhichliquidwaterbecomesvapor.“Phasechangecanbeanefficientway.Wenoticedasharptemperaturerisewhereverthevapourflowreached.Thismeanstheenergyismovingandcanbecontrolled.”saysProf.Ždankus.(在一次测试中，当土壤被加热到沸点时，会引起相变，即液态水变成蒸汽。“相变可以是一种有效的方式。我们注意到，蒸汽流到达的任何地方，温度都会急剧上升。这意味着能量在移动，是可以控制的。”Ždankus教授说。)”可知，相变使热量控制成为可能。故选A项。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Toputtheseground-basedstoragesystemsintowidespreaduse,researchersarenowdevelopingscaled-downpilotmodelsandrefiningheatdistributioncontrolmethods.(为了使这些基于地面的存储系统得到广泛应用，研究人员目前正在开发缩小的试点模型，并改进热量分配控制方法。)”可知，研究人员正在开发具有改进控制的测试模型，以实现该系统的实际应用。故选B项。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“ResearchersatKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU)havediscoveredaninnovativesolutionbeneathourfeet:usingsoilasanefficientthermalenergy(热能)storagesystem.(考纳斯理工大学(KTU)的研究人员在我们脚下发现了一个创新的解决方案：利用土壤作为高效的热能储存系统。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现可以利用土壤作为高效的热能储存系统，所以“脚下的土地：热能储存的新前沿”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。C（2026·江苏省苏北七市（徐、连、淮、宿、通、扬、泰）·二模）AuroraNikula,5,ishavinganormaldayathernursery.Sheismakingacakeoutofsandandmud,addinginmake-believecarrots,potatoesandmeat.AkiSinkkonen,ascientist,iswatching.He’salsoveryinterestedinAurora’scake,butfordifferentreasons.“Perfect,”hesays,admiringthewaysheismixingsoil,sandandleavesandthenputtingitonherface.“She’sreallygettingherhandsinit.”Toahygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten,thiscouldbeaproblem,butatHumpuladaycarecentreinHelsinki,childrenareencouragedtoincreasetheircontactwiththemicroscopic(显微的)biodiversity.Thiskindergartenwasincludedinatwo-yearstudylookingathowbiodiversityenhancementsaffectthemicrobialcompositionofchildren’sskinandsaliva.Thestaffdugupandinstalledagiantlivecarpetofforestfloor.Theplants,deadwoodandsoilinthedaycarecentrewerespeciallyselectedfortheirrichmicro-biodiversity.Childrengrowcarrots,potatoesandcucumbers,harvestingandcookingwhattheyplant.Whenwinterapproaches,thecropsfade—buttheoutdooradventuresdonot.Ayearlater,itfoundthatchildrenwhowereincontactwithnaturehadalowerprobabilityofcatchinganillnessresultingfromdisordersintheimmunesystem.Theresultssupportthe“oldfriends”hypothesis(假设)thathumansevolvedalongsidemicrobesinair,plantsandsoil.Thebodycanexchangeusefulmicrobeswiththenaturalworldtostayhealthy.Withoutcontactwiththeseorganisms—throughsoil,plants,andair—immunefunctioncanbecomeoveractive,leadingtodisease.Thekindergartensprovideevidenceofjusthowcrucialhealthyecosystemsaretohumanhealth.Asbiodiversity,habitatsandwildspeciesarelostaroundtheplanet,thereishugepotentialharmforhumanwellbeing.Increasingonsitebiodiversitycanbeawin-winforchildren’shealthandtheenvironment.Basedonthat,theUniversityofSheffieldhasdoneresearchoninstallinggreenbarriersaroundschoolplaygroundstopreventairpollutionfromharmingchildren’shealth.Hunter’sBarinfantschoolinSheffieldcreateda70-metre-longfenceofplantsthatwrapsaroundtheplayground.Nitrogendioxide(NO2)concentrationsintheplaygroundwerereducedby13%sixmonthsafterplanting,andfurtherdecreasesareexpectedasthefencematures.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．Guidedhands-onpractice. B．Kids’exposuretodirtandmud.C．Delicioushomemadefoodforkids. D．Thediversityofspeciesinnurseries.10．WhatdidthestaffatHumpuladaycarecentredo?A．Rewildtheirkindergarten. B．Growaforestinthebackyard.C．Expandforesteducationamongkids. D．Introducekidstosustainablefarming.11．Whydoesnaturecontactreducepeople’schanceofgettingsick?A．Itupliftstheirmood. B．Itenhancesco-evolution.C．Itremovesharmfulmicrobes. D．Itbalancestheirimmunesystem.12．WhydoestheauthormentiontheSheffieldstudy?A．Toadvocateforgreenschools.B．Togivedirectionforfurtherresearch.C．Topromotehealthygrowthinschoolchildren.D．Toshowanapplicationoftheresearchfinding.【答案】9．B10．A11．D12．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了赫尔辛基一所幼儿园让孩子接触泥土与自然生物多样性的实践，研究表明这能平衡免疫系统、保护健康，并延伸应用到校园绿色防护设施。9．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Sheismakingacakeoutofsandandmud,addinginmake-believecarrots,potatoesandmeat.(她正在用沙子和泥做蛋糕，里面加上假装的胡萝卜、土豆和肉。)”和第二段“Toahygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten,thiscouldbeaproblem,butatHumpuladaycarecentreinHelsinki,childrenareencouragedtoincreasetheircontactwiththemicroscopic(显微的)biodiversity.(在注重卫生的幼儿园里，这可能是个问题，但在赫尔辛基的洪普拉日托中心，却鼓励孩子们增加与微生物多样性的接触。)”可知，this指代孩子们接触泥土、泥沙的行为。故选B项。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thestaffdugupandinstalledagiantlivecarpetofforestfloor.Theplants,deadwoodandsoilinthedaycarecentrewerespeciallyselectedfortheirrichmicro-biodiversity.(工作人员铺设了一大片鲜活的森林地表层。日托中心里的植物、枯木和土壤都因丰富的微生物多样性而被精心挑选。)”可知，工作人员对幼儿园进行了自然野化改造。故选A项。11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Withoutcontactwiththeseorganisms—throughsoil,plants,andair—immunefunctioncanbecomeoveractive,leadingtodisease.(如果不通过土壤、植物和空气接触这些微生物，免疫功能就会变得过于活跃，从而引发疾病。)”可知，接触自然可以平衡免疫系统，降低患病几率。故选D项。12．推理判断题。根据第五段“Thekindergartensprovideevidenceofjusthowcrucialhealthyecosystemsaretohumanhealth.Asbiodiversity,habitatsandwildspeciesarelostaroundtheplanet,thereishugepotentialharmforhumanwellbeing.Increasingonsitebiodiversitycanbeawin-winforchildren’shealthandtheenvironment.(这些幼儿园恰恰证明了健康的生态系统对人类健康至关重要。随着全球生物多样性、栖息地和野生物种不断消失，人类福祉面临巨大潜在威胁。提升校园内的生物多样性，对儿童健康和环境而言是双赢之举。)”和第六段“Basedonthat,theUniversityofSheffieldhasdoneresearchoninstallinggreenbarriersaroundschoolplaygroundstopreventairpollutionfromharmingchildren’shealth.(基于这一研究结果，谢菲尔德大学开展了在学校操场周围安装绿色屏障以防止空气污染危害儿童健康的研究。)”可知，作者提及谢菲尔德的研究是为了展示前文研究成果的实际应用。故选D项。二、语法填空（30分）A（2026·陕西西安中学·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AtthenortherntipoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,13ChinameetsRussia,MongoliaandKazakhstan,liesAltayprefecture(阿勒泰地区),aregion14(bless)withdramaticlandscapesandrichculture.15(rough)thesizeofCuba,itstretchesfromsnowymountaintopsover4,000metershightolowlandsjust246metersabovesealevel.Ashortcoachtripcantakeyoufromglacierstodesert,evenpastherdsofwildanimals.Duringmyrecenttrip,Icouldn’ttakemyeyesofftheview.Asthecoach16(wind)throughvalleys,silverpeaksshoneinthedistancewhilethegreenofbirchforestsfilledtheforeground.ItlookedliketheAlps,17thiswasn’tEurope.Ablueriverrushedbesideus,matchingourspeed,itspowerremindingmehowrarelyIfeelnature’sstrengthinthecity.Acrossthehillsstandyurts(圆顶帐篷)ofKazakhherders,theiranimals18

(wander)freely.Thenightbefore,Iexperiencedthroatsingingforthefirsttime—asoundthatseemedvery19(fascinate).Aswedescended,thegreengrasslandsslowlygavewaytobrightyellowdesert.The20(vast)feltlikesteppingintoafantasygame,exceptthatthiswasreal.Whentheotherpassengersawoke,unawareofwhattheyhadmissed,Isatamazed,lost21wordstodescribethesceneIhadjustwitnessed.IfonlyI22(bring)mycamerawithme!【答案】13．where14．blessed15．Roughly16．wound17．but18．wandering19．fascinating20．vastness21．for22．hadbrought【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在新疆阿勒泰地区旅行时，被当地壮丽的自然风光和丰富的文化所吸引，描述了沿途的所见所感。13．考查定语从句。句意：在新疆维吾尔自治区的最北端，中国与俄罗斯、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦接壤的地方，是阿勒泰地区，一个拥有壮丽风景和丰富文化的地区。“____ChinameetsRussia,MongoliaandKazakhstan”是定语从句，修饰先行词thenortherntipoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion，关系词将其代入定语从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。14．考查非谓语动词。句意：在新疆维吾尔自治区的最北端，中国与俄罗斯、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦接壤的地方，是阿勒泰地区，一个拥有壮丽风景和丰富文化的地区。“(bless)withdramaticlandscapesandrichculture”作后置定语，bless(将……赐予，使有幸得到)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语aregion之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填blessed。15．考查副词。句意：它大致相当于古巴的大小，从4000多米高的雪山山顶延伸到海拔仅246米的低地。提示词修饰整个句子，应用副词roughly作状语，意为“大致，大约”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Roughly。16．考查时态。句意：当长途汽车蜿蜒穿过山谷时，远处的银色山峰闪闪发光，而桦树林的绿色则填满了前景。wind(蜿蜒而行)是谓语动词，与主语thecoach之间是主动关系，描述旅行途中发生的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填wound。17．考查连词。句意：它看起来像阿尔卑斯山，但这里不是欧洲。结合句意可知，前后文之间是转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。18．考查非谓语动词。句意：山丘上矗立着哈萨克牧民的圆顶帐篷，他们的动物自由自在地漫步。“theiranimals____(wander)freely”是独立主格结构，作伴随状语，wander(漫步)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语theiranimals之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填wandering。19．考查形容词。句意：前一天晚上，我第一次体验了呼麦——一种听起来非常迷人的声音。提示词作表语，用形容词fascinating，意为“迷人的”。故填fascinating。20．考查名词。句意：这种辽阔感就像踏入了一个奇幻游戏，只不过这是真实的。提示词作主语，用名词vastness，意为“辽阔，广阔”，不可数名词。故填vastness。21．考查介词。句意：当其他乘客醒来，不知道他们错过了什么时，我坐在那里，惊讶得无法用语言来形容我刚刚目睹的场景。(be)lostforwords为固定短语，意为“如此震惊、惊讶、充满钦佩等，以至于无法说话”。故填for。22．考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我带了相机就好了!“Ifonly...!”是固定句型，意为“要是……就好了!”，句子是对过去情况的虚拟，应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”形式。故填hadbrought。B（2026·四川成都市·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aheadofthismonth’sspringtimefestivalofBasant,peoplecrammedshouldertoshoulderintothestreetsinLahore’sOldCity,lookingforkitesandthestring23(need)toflythem.ThisisnotthescenethatshoppershererememberfromBasantinthepast.ThekitefestivalwaslegallyheldthismonthinLahoreforthefirsttimesince2007,24aprovincialbanonBasanttookeffect.Basant’sreturnforthreedaysinearlyFebruarysawamoreregulatedversionofthetraditionalspringfestival—withstrictrulesforkitesellers,banneditemsforbuyers25asetwindowforwhenkiteswereallowedinthesky.Therewasareasonfortheserestrictions:Kiteflyingintheprovince26(become)dangerousbeforeearlierkiteflyingregulationswereputinplacein2005.FormanyinLahore,kiteflyingisn’taformof27(relax).It’sacompetitivesport.Overtime,thiscompetitiongaverisetotheuseofstronger,synthetickitestring.Saleem-ud-Din,28kitemakerinLahore,saystheincreaseduseofthisstringchangedthings.“Itbecameunsafe,”hesays,29(add)thatheandothercraftsmendidn’tapprove.“Wesaywhateverbadthingpeopleareusing,getridofit.”The