八年级寒假预习-外刊阅读之人与社会（寒假预习讲义）原卷版

专题02外刊阅读之人与社会

内容导航

I?考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢

重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固

E复习提升：综合提升，全面突破

►►►重点速记<<<

Passage01

»外刊精讲

Shouldpeopleditchsmartphones?

Smartphonesaremobilephonesthathavelotsofthesamefeaturesasapersonalcomputer.①No:onlycanyou

usethemtomakecallsandtotextbutalsotoemailandusetheinternet,appsandsocialmedia.Smartphoneshave

becomeanimportantpartofeverydaylifefbrmanypeople.However,theyalsohavenegativeeffects,like

disturbingsleep,andsorisingnumbersofpeoplearegivingthemup.Whatdoyouthink?Shouldpeoplegiveup

theirsmartphones?

YES-theycancausehealthproblems

②SmartphonesoffbrSQmanyways2communicatethatarchavinglessfhcctointeraction.This

canstopfriendshipsdevelopingandleadtoisolation（孤立）andloneliness.What'smore,alltheavailablefunctions

andactivitiesonphonescanleadtofewerreal-lifeexperiences,likedoinghobbies,readingbooks,spendingtime

outdoorsandplayingsports.Beinglessactivemakesyoulessfitandcanaffectyourhealth.Andthebrightscreen

canleadtoeyeproblems,badsleepandtiredness.Finally,somepeoplebecomeanxiousiftheyareseparatedfrom

theirphoneandcan'tchecktheirmessagesorsocialmedia.Havingasmartphonemeansthatyouarealways

connected—there'snoescape.

NO-smartphonesareusefulandfun

Smartphonesallowyoutokeepintouchwithpeople,indifferentways,whereveryouarc.Theyarcreally

gocdfbrvideo-callingfarawayfriendsandfamily.Assmartphoneshavesatnav（卫星导航），youcangetdirections

onthem.Andchildrencanhavemoreindependenceastheirparentscanfindthem（andinanemergency,theyallow

rescueservicestolocatepeople）.Havinginternetaccess（入口）onyourphoneallowsyoutogetnewsand

informationandisreallyhelpfulfbrhomework.Smartphonesaregreatentertainmentonlongjoumeys.Youcan

listentomusic,stream（实时播放）movies,watchsillyvideos,playgamesanduseappsandsocialmedia.Theyare

funtousewithfriends,takingphotosandmakingvideos.

一、核心词汇精讲

1.ditch/diy7v.抛弃；放弃；n.沟渠

词转:ditchern.挖沟者;抛弃者

搭配：ditchsth./sb.抛弃某物/某人；ditchtheplan放弃计划

近义词:abandon放弃;discard丢弃

反义词:keep保留；hold持有

例句：Somepeoplechoosetoditchtheirphonesonweekendstorelax.

翻译练习：

他决定放弃这个不切实际的想法。

2.feature/'fi:tfo(r)/n.特性；功能：特征；v.以……为特色

词转：featuredadj.特色的；主演的；featurelessadj.无特色的

搭配：havethefeatureof具有...的特性；akeyfeature主要功能；featuresb./sth.以某人/某物为特色

近义词:characteristic特征；funclion功能

反义词：flaw缺陷

例句：Thisnewphonehasaspecialfeatureoffacerecognition.

翻译练习：

这部电影以精彩的特效为特色。

3.negative/'negotiv/adj.负面的：消极的；否定的；n.否定；攸数

词转：negativelyadv.消极地;negativityn.消极性

搭配：negativeeffects负面影响；negativeattitude消极态度；anegativeanswer否定的回答

近义词:harmful有害的;passive消极的

反义词:positive积极的;positive正面的

例J句：Stayinguplatehasanegativeefleetonyourhealth.

翻译练习；

我们应该避免对生活抱有消极的态度。

4.disturb/di'st3：b/v.打扰;妨碍；扰乱

词转：disturbancen.打扰；骚乱；disturbedadj.心烦的；不安的

搭配:disturbsb?ssleep打扰某人的睡眠;disturbthepeace扰乱治安：don,tdisturb请勿打扰

近义词:bother打扰；inteoupt打断

反义词：calm使平静；quiet使安静

例J句：Loudmusicmaydisturbtheneighborsatnight.

翻译练习：

请不要打扰他，他正在认真工作。

5.interaction/.intor'sckjn/n.交流；互动

伺转：interactv.交流；互动；interactiveadj.互动的

搭配：face-to-faceinteraction面对面交流：socialinteraction社交互动；interactionbetweensb.andsb.某人

之间的互动

近义词：communication交流；conversation交谈

反义词：isolation孤立

例句：Onlinegamescanpromoteinteractionbetweenplayers.

翻译练习：

父母应该多和孩子进行情感互动。

6.isolationZ.aiso'leifn/n.孤立；隔离；孤独

词转：isolatev.孤立；隔离；isolatedadj.孤立的；偏远的

搭配：leadtoisolation导致孤立；inisolation孤立地;socialisolation社交孤立

近义词：loneliness孤独；seclusion隐居

反义词：connection联系;companionship陪伴

例句：Livingalonefbralongtimemayleadtoisolationandloneliness.

翻译练习：

他的性格让他陷入了社交孤立。

7.independent/.indi'pendant/adj.独立的：自主的

词转：independencen.独立；自主性；dependv.依靠；依赖

搭配：beindependentof独立于...：anindependentchild独立的孩子；gainindependence获得独立

近义词:self-reliant自力更生的；autonomous自主的

反义词：dependent依赖的；reliable依赖的

例句：Teenagersshouldleamtobeindependentandtakecareofthemselves.

翻译练习：

她毕业后变得经济独、工了。

8.emergency/i'm3：d30nsi/n.紧急情况；突发事件；adj.紧急的

词转：emergentadj.紧急的；突发的；emergency、，.紧急处理

搭配：inanemergency在紧急情况下;emergencyservices急救服务；anemergencyexit紧急出口

近义词：crisis危机；urgency紧急

反义词：normality常态；routine口常

例句：Youshouldcall120inamedicalemergency.

翻译练习：

这个手机有紧急呼叫的功能。

9.access/sekses/n.通道；使用权；v.获取；进入

词转：accessibleadj,可进入的：易获取的；inaccessibleadj,难以获取的

搭配：haveaccessto有使用/获取....的权利；accesstotheinternet匕网权限;accessinformation获取信息

近义词:entry进入;permission许可

反义词：restriction限制；barrier障碍

例句：Studentshavefreeaccesstotheschoollibrary.

翻译练习：

在这个小村庄，人们很难获取干净的水。

10.entertainment/.ento'temniont/n,娱乐：消遣

词转：entertainv.娱乐：招待；entertainingadj.有趣的；娱乐性的

搭配：entertainmentcenter娱乐中心；formsofentertainment娱乐形式；provideentertainment提供娱乐

近义词:amusement娱乐；recreation消遣

反义词：boredom无聊：tiredness疲惫

例句：Watchingmoviesisoneofmyfavoriteformsofentertainment.

翻译练习：

这个公园为孩子们提供了很多娱乐设施。

二、重点短语句型

1.notonly...butalso...不仅...还....

用法：连接并列的单词、短语或句子：连接句子时，notonly置于句首，所在分句需用部分倒装（助动词/

情态动词提前）。

课丈原句：Notonlycanyouusethemtomakecallsandtotext,butalsotoemailandusetheinternet,appsand

socialmedia.

拓展：Notonlydocshestudyhard,butalsoheishelpfultoothers.（连接句子,部分倒装）；Shenotonlysings

well,butalsodancesbeautifully.（连接短语）

翻译练习：

智能手机不仅能让我们联系他人，还能帮助我们学习。

2.leadto导致;引发

用法：后接名词/代词/动名词，表“造成某种结果或后果”，主语多为表示原因的事物。

课文原句：Thiscanstopfriendshipsdevelopingandleadtoisolationandloneliness.

拓展：Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodcanleadtoweightgain.；Lackofsleepleadstopoorconcentrationinclass.

翻译练习：

长时间看手机会导致视力问题。

3.keepintouchwith与..保持联系

用法：后接人/地点，表”与某人保持联络，或与某地保持联系“；同义短语：stayintouchwith,,

课文原句：Smartphonesallowyoutokeepintouchwithpeople,indifferentways,whereveryouare.

拓展：WecankeepintouchwithourfriendsbyWeChatevenifwearefaraway.：Shestillkeepsintouchwithher

hometownaftermovingtothecity.

翻译练习：

即使出国了，他也和家人保持着密切的联系。

4.allowsb.todosth.允许某人做其事

用法:被动形式为sb.beallowedtodosth.（某人被允许做某事）；反义词组：fbrbidsb.todosth.（禁止某人

做某事）。

课文原句：Andchildrencanhavemoreindependenceastheirparentscanfindthem（andinanemergency,they

allcwrescueservicestolocatepeople）.

拓展：MyparentsallowmetowatchTVfbranhoureveryday.；Studentsarcnotallowedtousephonesinclass.

翻译练习：

老师允许我们在课后使用图书馆的甩脑。

5.separatefrom与..分离；分开

用法：可作动词短语(separatesb/sth.fromsb./sth.)或形容词短语(beseparatefrom),表"将两者隔离开,

或处于分离状态

课文拓展(同类用法)：Somepeoplebecomeanxiousiftheyareseparatedfromtheirphone.

拓展：Theriverseparatesthevillagefromthetown.；Shedoesn'twanttobeseparatedfromherfamily.

翻译练习：

不要把孩子和父母分开太久。

三、核心语法聚焦

1.结果状语从句（so...that...引导）

用法：so+形容词/副词+that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，引导的从句表结果；若修饰可数名词复

数或不可数名词,需用such...that…（such+形容词+名词+that从句）。

课文原句：Smartphonesoffersomanywaystocommunicatethatpeoplearehavinglessface-to-faceinteraction.

解析：本句中“so”修饰形容词“many”（后接可数名词复数“ways”），表示“如此多的沟通方式”，“that”引导

结果状语从句，说明“沟通方式多”带来的结果一“人们面对面交流变少”。

拓展：区分so/such：（j）Sheissokindthateveryonelikesher.（sc+形容词）；@Itissuchabeautifuldaythat

wedecidetogoforapicnic.（such+形容词+可数名词单数）

翻译练习：

他跑得如此快，以至于我们都追不上他.

2.条件状语从句（if引导）

用法：if引导的条件状语从句，表”假设的条件”，遵循“主将从现"原则（主句用一般将来时/恃态动词，从

句用一般现在时）；若表示与事实不符的假设，用虚拟语气。

课文原句：Finally,somepeoplebecomeanxiousiftheyareseparatedfromtheirphoneandcan'tchecktheir

messagesorsocialmedia.

解析：本句中从句用一股现在时（areseparated,carflcheck）,主句用一般现在时（become）,表示客观事

实（”与手机分离”时“感到焦虑”是普遍现象），无需用“主将从现”。

翻译练习：

如果你经常使用记忆技巧，你的记忆力将会变得更好。

3.非谓语动词（动名词作由语）

用法：动名词（动词・ing形式）作主语，表“抽象的、习惯性的动作”，谓语动词用单数形式：可转换为“it

作形式主语”（It+be+形容词/名词+todo/doingsth.）。

课文拓展（同类用法）：Beinglessactivemakesyoulessfitandcanaffectyourhealth.

解析：本句中“Beinglessactive”是动名词短语作主语，表“缺乏运动”这一抽象行为，谓语动词"makes”用单

数形式；后一分句"canaffbet”的主语与前一分句一致，均为“Beinglessactive”。

翻译练习：

长时间玩手机会影响你的学习。（用动名词作主语）

四、课文亚述II语模板

»外刊精练

Vocabulary

1.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsfromEnglishtoChinese.

1.havelotsofthesamefeaturesasapersonalcomputer

2.negativeeffects

3.leadtoisolationandloneliness

4.rsal-lifcexperiences

5.keepintouchwith

6.havemoreindependence

II.Completeeachsentencewiththeproperformofthegivenwords,

activeallowavailableconnectdisturblocateofferpopular

1.1wasfeelingaliveandtonature.

2.Pizzaismoreamongyoungeradults.

3.Shecouldn'therfavoritebookonthecrowdedbookshelf

4.Doyouhaveanydoubleroomsthisweekend?

5.Pleasegoonwithwhatyou*redoinganddon'tletusyou.

6.Beforeourmodemage,peoplehadamorephysicalandlifestyle.

7."Iwillnotthatkindofbehaviorinmyclass,Htheteachersaidseverely.

8.Itdoesn'thavemuchtoasatown—itsshopsarefairlypoorandthere'sonlyonecinema.

Readingcomprehension

Answerthequestions.

1.Whyaresmartphonespopularamongpeople?

2.Whatcanthesmartphoneswithasatnavdoduringanemergency?

3.Trytouseyourownwordstocompletethetablebelow.

Yes-ThreereasonswhypeopleshouldditchNo-Threereasonswhypeopleshouldnotditch

smartphonessmartphones

•Theystopyoufrom(1)______________inthereal•Theyallowyouto⑸quicklyand

world,fbrexampledoinghobbies,goingoutsideandeasily.They*rcgreatfbrkeepingintouchwithfriends

see:ngyourfriends.andfamily.

•Theycancause(2)______________asyoumay•Youcanaccess(6)______instantly,aswell

becomelessactive.Usingthematnightcanafleetyourasuse(7)_______tofindyourwayaround.

eyesightandsleeppatterns.•Theyaresomuchfun.Music,movies,games,camera,

•Beingconnectedallthetimestopsyouapps,socialmedia—asmartphoneisatotal

(3)______________.Somepeoplechecktheirphone(8)____________centeratyourfingertips.

non-stopandget(4)______________ifnooneis

messagingthem.

4.Whafsyouropinion?Shouldstudentsgiveuptheirsmartphones?Pleasegiveyourreasons.

Translation

ReadthesentencesbelowandtranslatethemintoChinese.Payattentiontotheexpressionsinbold.

1.Notonlycanyouusethemtomakecallsandtotext,butalsotoemailandusetheInternet,appsandsocial

media.

2.Smartphonesoffersomanywaystocommunicatethatpeoplearehavinglessface-to-faceinteraction.

►►►复习提升<<<

LJ

综合提升练

Hollywood*shottestmonkey

CrystaltheMonkeyisoneofthebiggestanimalstarsinHollywood.Shehasworkedwithsomeofthebest

directorsandactors,stolenscenesfromtopcomedians,andwalkedtheredcarpetattheOscars.

Heractingcareerbeganwhenshewasababy.In1996,BirdsandAnimalsUnlimited,acompanywhich

providesanimalstoHollywood,sentitstrainertobuyacapuchinmonkey（卷尾猴）inFlorida.Thetrainerboughta

twc-and-a-halPyear-oldmonkeywhowasjustlosingherbabyteeth.Henamedherafterthefamouscountrymusic

singerCrystalGayle.

Inherfirstmovierole,the1997film,GeorgeoftheJungle,Cr/stalstoleaudiences'heartswhensheplayed

sweetandsassy“LittleMonkey."Then,inNightattheMuseumyshewasnaughtyDexterwhomademuseumguard

BenStiller'slitedifiicult.Sincethen,shehasappearedinmorethan31moviesandtelevisionshows.

DirectorsloveCrystafsfunpersonalityandhowwellsheperfc-nnsherownstunts（特技表演）.①Magazine

wriLerscan'tsayenoughgoodthingsaboulher."ItwaslikeshewasbornioDerfbrmJsaysone.Crystalisnhemosl

DowerfillpetinHollywood."savsanother.

Andherpaycheck?InherroleasDr.RizzoonAnimalPractice（2012-2013）,Crystalreceived$12,000fbr

eachepisode,morethanmanyhumanactorsreceive.Infiveofhermovies,sheholdsaboxofficegrossofmore

than$2.5billion.Thosearenosmallbananas!

MeganTalbert,executivedirector（执行董事）ofBoston-basedservicemonkeytrainingacademyHelping

Hands,wantspeopletorealizethatowningamonkeylikeCrystalasapetisnoteasy."IntheU.S.,manymonkeys

purchasedaspetsdonotgetthecareandattentiontheydesen-ethroughouttheir30-to-40-yearlifespan,*'shesays.u

②WhatmanypeopledonotrealizeisthatCrystalliveswithherhandlerandtrainerTomGundersonandhisfamily.

BothTomandhiswifeareprofessionalanimaltrainerswhohavelookedafterCiystalsinceshewastwoyearsold."

Vocabulary

1.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsfromEnglishtoChinese.

1.stealscenesfromtopcomedians

2.walktheredcarpet

3.namesb.after...

4.sweetandsassy

5.holdaboxofficegrossof...

6.lookafter

11.Completeeachsentencewiththeproperformofthegivenwords.

appeardeserveperformprovidepurchaserealize

1.Themagicianmadearabbitoutofanemptyhat.

2.Thestudentsarestaftercompletingthechallengingexam.

3.Sarahsuddenlythatshehadleftherphoneattherestaurant.

4.Theactor'spowerfulinthemoviebroughtthecharactertolife

5.0nlineshoppersoftencomparepricesbeforemakinga(n)toensuretheygetthebestdeal.

6.Theteacheradditionalmaterialsfbrthestudentstoimprovetheirunderstandingofthetopic.

Readingcomprehension

Choosethebestanswer.

1.CrystaltheMonkeygothernamefrom.

A.herfirstmovierole

B.afamouscountrymusicsinger

C.adirectorshehadworkedwith

D.themuseumguardinNightattheMuseum

2.Theunderlinedphrase"stoicaudiences*hearts"inparagraph3mostprobablymeansu

A.todisappointtheaudience

B.togaintheloveoftheaudience

C.tomaketheaudiencelosetheirminds

D.toleavetheaudiencewithabadimpression

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutCrystal?

A.CrystalhasastrongreputationinHollywood.

B.MagazinewritersspeakhighlyofCrystalintheirarticles.

C.CrystalIsnotonlylikedfbrheractingskills,butalsofbrherenjoyablecharacter.

D.Despiteherpopularity,Crystal'ssalaryislowerthanthatofmanyhumanactors.

4.WhatdoesMeganTalbertwantpeopletorealizeaboutowningamonkeylikeCrystalasapet?

A.It*seasyandfun.

B.Monkeysareman'sbestfriend.

C.Ownerscaneamalotofmoney.

D.Itrequirespropercareandattention.

Translation

ReadthesentencesbelowandtranslatethemintoChinese.Payattentiontotheexpressionsinbold.

1.Magazinewriterscan'tsayenoughgoodthingsabouther."Itwaslikeshewasborntoperform,"saysone.

Crystalis"themostpoweriulpetinHollywood,**saysanother.

2.WhatmanypeopledonotrealizeisthatCrystalliveswithherhandlerandtrainerTomGundersonandhis

family.

MeetmeattheSquare

Wheredoyougoinyourtownorcitywhenthereisaneventoroccasionwhereeveryoneinthecommunity

conicstogether?①Chancesaregoodthatit'sapublicsauare,alargeareawhereDeoDlecanmeet,participatein

outdooreventslikeconcertsandrallies（公众集会）getlogethertorelaxorplaygames,oreveniustsitandwalch

peoplepassingby.Publicsquaresarefbreveryone,nomatterwhotheyare,howmuchmoneytheyhave,orwhatpart

ofthecitytheylivein.

Publicsquaresmaybesmallorlarge,buttherearemanysquaresallovertheworldthathavebecomefamous

landmarks.②Somegained白mebecausesomethingimportanthaDDenedthere,orsimplybecausetheyareplaces

whereeveryonelikestogather.Andovertime,manyofthemhavebecomeplacesthatvisitorstothosecitieswantto

see

TiananmenSquare,Beijing,China

TiananmenSquareisapublicsquareinthegeographicalcenterofthecityofBeijing,China.Atabout440,

00（）squaremeters,itisthelargestpublicsquareintheworld.Tothenorthof

thesquareisitsmostfamouslandmark,theGateofHeavenlyPeace（天安门）.

ThegateseparatesthesquarefromtheForbiddenCity（紫禁城）,whichisthe

palacecomplex（建筑群）attheheartofBeijing.Onthewesternsideofthe

square,youcanfindtheGreatHallofthePeople（人民大会堂）.Various

meetingsandceremoniesareheldhere.Flagceremoniesareperformedatduskanddawneveryday.Ifyoudon'tmind

gettingupearly,it'sagreatexperience.

TiniesSquare,NewYorkCity,America

TimesSquare,inNewYorkCity,issometimescalledtheCrossroadsofthe

World.Itisadestinationfbrtourists,acenterfbrentertainmentlikeBroadway（百老

汇）shows,andtheheadquartersofseveralbroadcastmediagroups.TimesSquare

isn'treallyasquare:it'sabow-lie（蝶形领结）shapeatthecrossroadofBroadway,

SeventhAvenue,and42ndStreet,andisfiveblockslong.Itisknownfbritshuge,

brightneon（霓虹的）advertisingsigns.Oneofitsmostfamousevertstakesplace

everyyearonNewYear'sEve,whenalargeball,sparklingwithcrystals（水晶）,

beginstodropdownapoleontopofanearbybuildingat11:59pm.Whentheballreachesthebottom,itisofficially

thenewyear.

RedSquare,Moscow,Russia

Somefamouscitysquareshavebeenconnectedwitheventsthataremore

seriousthanjustfimandcelebration.RedSquare,intheheanofMoscow,

Russia,datesfromthe15thcentury.Itbeganasacentralmarketplacenearthe

Kremlin（克里姆林宫）,whichisnowtheseatoftheRussiangovernment.Thesquarecoversaround91,000square

meters,anditsmostfamouslandmarksincludetheCathedralofSt.BasiltheBlessed（瓦西里升天教堂）andthetomb

offormerleaderVladimirLenin（弗拉基米尔•列宁）.RedSquarehasbeenthesceneofspeeches,demonstrations（游

行示威）andparadesshowcasingthepoweroftheRussianarmy.

V'ocabulary

I.Translate