2026中考英语总复习《阅读理解》专项练习

2026中考英语总复习阅读理解专项练习

Almosteveryonehasexperiencedthefeelingofdiscomfortwhentheir

actionsdonotagreewiththeirinnervalues.Aman,forexample,values

work-lifebalanceyetworks80hourseveryweek,caringlittleabouthisown

healthandfamily.Anotherexampleisaboywhoholdshisparents'lovedear

butgetsangryattheminamomentofstress;orawomanwhohopestolive

healthilybutgivesintotheattractionoffastfoodduringmomentsof

weakness.

Thisdisagreementcanleadtoseriousresults,suchasworsening

relationships,limitedpersonalgrowth,andself-doubt.Theemotionaleffects

offeelingoutofcontrolandunabletoliveuptoourownstandardscanalsobe

deeplyharmful.Theshameandupsetthatgoalongwiththesefeelingsoften

forceusintosilence,resultinginmoreself-doubt.Onereasonforthissilence

mightbethatadmitting（承认）tothesebehaviorscanfeellikeshowinga

weaknessormistakethatsocietytellsusshouldbekepthidden.What'smore,

recognizingthisdisagreementrequirescomingfacetofacewithuncomfortable

truthsaboutourselves—aprocessthatisasdiscouragingasitisnecessaryfor

growth.

Recognizingandaddressingthesebehaviorscanprovideapossibilityof

change.Bylookingintothecausesofourbehaviors,wecanbeginto

understandouractionsmoreeasilyandworktowardstickingtoourbeliefs.

Researchsupportstheideathatrecognizingthisdisagreement,togetherwith

mindfulnessandopencommunication,canhelpwiththisprocess.These

methodshelpusslowdown,reflect（反思），andchoosebehaviorsthatfollow

ourvaluesmoreclosely,eveninthefaceofoldhabitsorimmediateneeds.

Thekeytodealingwiththisdisagreementliesincompassion（同情）for

ourselvesandothers.Bydevelopingacultureofopennessandby

understandingthechallengesofaligningbehaviorswithbeliefs,wecanbegin

tobreakdownwhatpreventsusfromhavingconversationandchange.

Admittingthatthisdisagreementisasharedpartofthehumanexperience

canenableustospeakopenly,findsupport,andtakenecessarystepstoward

theagreementbetweenourinnerworldandouractions.

Whilethedisagreementbetweenourinnervaluesandactionsmaybe

common,throughreflection,understandingandpurposefulpractice,wecan

bridgethedivideandsetoutonajourneyofself-discovery.

1.WhydoesthewriterusetheexamplesinParagraph1?

A.Tostressanunavoidableneed.

B.Toshowaresultofthewrongvalues.

C.Todescribeacommonhumanexperience.

D.Tointroduceachangeinpeople'srelationships.

2.Whatdoestheword“aligning“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Matching.B.Comparing.C.Mixing.D.Confusing.

3.Whichofthefollov/ingwouldthewritermostprobablyagreewith?

A.Discomfortforcesustogiveupourbeliefs.

B.Ourbehaviorsweakenourunderstandingsoflife.

C.Opencommunicationmakesitpossibleforustochange.

D.Keepingsilentallowsustimetoliveuptoourstandards.

4.Whatisthewriter?smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toencouragepeopletostaytruetotheirbeliefs.

B.Toprovetheimportanceofhavingtherightvalues.

C.Tocomparedifferentwaystodealwithdiscomfort.

D.Todiscusstheinfluenceofpeople*simproperactions.

Peoplearetalkingalotaboutartificialintelligence（AI）,viewingitasa

forcethatcouldreshapehowsocietyworks.Butthereissomethingimportant

missingfromthisdiscussion.Itisn,tenoughtoaskhowitwillchangeus.We

alsoneedtounderstandhowweshapeAIandwhatitcantellusabout

ourselves.

EveryAImodelwedevelopmirrorsourrulesandexpressesourbeliefs.A

fewyearsago,whilelookingfornewworkers,afamouscompanygaveupan

Al-poweredtoolafterfindingitunfavorabletowomen.TheAIwasnotdesigned

tobehavethisway,instead,itwasinfluencedbythehistoricaldata（数据）

favoringmen.Similarly,arecentstudyfoundthatlendingalgorithms（算法）

oftenofferlessfavorabletermstocoloredpeople,worseninglong-standing

unfairnessinmoney-lendingbusiness.Inbothcases,AIisn,tcreatingnew

biases（偏见），itismirroringtheonesthatarealreadypresent.

Thesereflections|反映）giveusanimportantchancetotakeacloselookat

ourselves.Bymakingtheseproblemsseenandmorepressing,AIchallenges

ustorecognizeandaddresswhatcausesalgorithmicbias.AsAIcontinuesto

develop,wemustaskourselveshowweasaveragepeoplewanttoshapeits

roleinsociety.WeshouldnotonlyimproveAImodels,butalsomakesurethat

AIisdevelopedandusedresponsibly.

Anumberofcompaniesarealreadytakingaction.Theyarejudgingthe

data,rules,andbeliefsthatshapethebehaviorofAImodels.Still,wecannot

expectthecompaniestodoallthework.AslongasAIistrainedonhuman

data,itwillreflecthumanbehavior.Thatmeanswehavetothinkcarefully

aboutthefootprintsofourselvesweleaveintheworld.Imayvalueprivacy,

butifIgiveitupinaheartbeattovisitawebsite,thealgorithmsmaymakea

verydifferentjudgmentofwhatIreallywantandwhatisgoodforme.IfIwant

meaningfulhumanconnectionsyetspendmoretimeonsocialmediaandless

timeinthephysicalcompanyofmyfriends,IamindirectlytrainingAImodels

aboutthetruenatureofhumanity.

AsAIbecomesmorepowerful,weneedtotakeincreasingcaretoreadour

principles（原则）intotherecordofouractionsratherthanallowingthetwoto

diverge.Recognizingthisallowsustomakebetterdecisions,butonlywhenwe

arepreparedtolookcloselyandtakeresponsibilityforwhatwesee.

5.WhydoesthewriterintroducethetwoexamplesinParagraph2?

A.Tosuggestasolution.B.Tostressadifference.

C.Tochallengeapractice.D.Tosupportaviewpoint.

6.Whatdoestheword“diverge“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Improve.B.Appear.C.Separate.D.Repeat.

7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisagoodexampleofshapingAI

responsibility?

A.Guardingone'sprivacyagainstAImodels.

B.BeingmindfulofourfeedsintoAImodels.

C.Trainingalgorithmstofavorthelatestdata.

D.Designingalgorithmstodealwithunfairness.

8.Whichofthefollovzingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AIIsn*ttheProblem;WeAre

B.AI:ATooltoReshapeOurSociety

C.MoreOpenalgorithmsforBetterAI?

D.BuildingTrustinHuman-AIRelationships

Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,most

peoplefirstthinkthathappinessdependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,

goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn'thavethese,we

mightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.

Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn'

tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethinkfurtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,

theytend（倾向于）tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbegintoremember

otherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap（有重叠）pleasurableonesbutfall

intoagroupwithaseparatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplace

whenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsomeearlierexpectation,

butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.

Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.

Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone'sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadinga

bookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleads

ustoexpressideaswedidn,tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybe

especiallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackon

themafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun“andwishtheywould

happenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,and

grown.

Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwo

feelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,everybodytakespleasureineating.

However,toenjoyfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattention

toameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,

wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoyment

happensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithout

anyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated（刺激）.Butit's

impossibletoenjoyatennisgameorabookwithoutfullattention.It,sforthis

reasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growth

requiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.

Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butit

dependsheavilyonluckandtheexternal（外部的）environment.Toachieve

personalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedtolearnhow

tobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.

9.Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou.

A.buyexpensiveshoesB.orderadeliciousmeal

C.talkwithfriendsfornewideasD.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision

10.Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?

A.Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.

B.Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.

C.Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.

D.Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.

11.Thewords“psychicenergy“inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto

A.attentionB.interestC.abilityD.knovzledge

12.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

A.feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowth

B.feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowth

C.aworthylifedependsonluckandenvironment

D.pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife

11!

Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?

AccordingtotheUnitedNations（UN）,everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutone

billion（十亿）tonsoffoodiswasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyone

billionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeep

themoutofhunger.Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebillion

tonsofcarbondioxide（CO2）,whichspeedsupclimate（气候）change.V/hat

canwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?

Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand（需求）.In

hotelsandothersimilarplaces,specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothat

cookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.

Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce（减少）foodwaste.

Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.For

example,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowto

makefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthe

bestquality（质最）.Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenough

toeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.

Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuy

andpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.

Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayan

importantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.

Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyin

progress.Foodthatisnotsafeforhumanstoeatisrecycledintoother

productssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogo

andmuchforimprovementinthisarea.

Inaword,foodwastehasbeenoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworld

thathaveinfluencedusgreatly.Manysolutionshavebeenfoundandmany

moreareyettobeworkedout.Ifeachofuscanputinmoreefforts,foodwaste

issuretobereducedforthegoodofourfuture.

13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossibleresultoffoodwaste?

A.Theproblemofworldwidehunger.B.Abigincreaseinfoodproduction.

C.Thespeed-upofclimatechange.D.Asuddendropinpopulation.

14.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful.

B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.

C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes.

D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.

15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Benefitsofreducingfoodwaste.

B.Solutionstothefoodwasteproblem.

C.Theimportanceoffightingfoodwaste.

D.Theattitudetothefoodwasteproblem.

五

SamHillisreallybadatfindinghiswayfromplacetoplace.Theworldis

fullofpeoplelikeHill—andtheiropposites,whoalwaysseemtoknowexactly

wheretheyareandhowtogetwheretheywanttogo.Ithasprovedhardto

explainwhy.However,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,there,snew

excitementhappeningintheresearchworld.

Anexperimentwascarriedoutin2022tofindoutwhatmightinfluence

wayfindingability.Researchersdevelopedanonlinegameinwhichplayers

travelbyboattofindwherealotofcheckpointslie.Thegameaskedplayersto

providebasicbackgroundinformation,andnearlyfourmillionpeople

worldwidedidso.Throughthegame,theresearcherswereabletojudge

navigational（辨识方向的）abilitybylookingathowfareachpersontraveledto

reachallthecheckpoints.Thentheycomparedplayers,performancewith

theirbackgroundinformation.

TheresearchersfoundthatNorthernEuropeansseemedtobebetter

navigations,perhapsbecausetheyloveorienteering（定向越野），asportwhich

involvescross-countryrunningandnavigation.Andthosefromcitieswith

moredisorganizedstreetnetworks（网状系统）didbetterthanthosefromcities

withorderlyones.Perhapspeopleofplannedcitiesdon'tneedtobuild

complex（复杂的）mapsintheirminds.

Researchresultslikethesesuggestthatpeople*slifeexperiencedecides

howwelltheyfindtheirway.Infact,experiencemayevenexplainapopular

beliefthatmenaremorelikelytoperformbetterthanwomen.Itturnsoutthat

thisdifferenceismoreaquestionofcultureandexperiencethanofinborn

ability.NorthernEuropeans,forexample,showalmostnogender（性别）

differenceinnavigation.However,mendomuchbetterthanwomeninplaces

wherewomenfaceculturallimitsonexploringtheirenvironmentontheirown.

ThatfindingisalsosupportedbystudiesontheTsimane,acommunity

livinginaforestinSouthAmerica.ResearchersputGPSunitson305

Tsimanepeopletochecktheirdailymovementsoverathree-dayperiod,and

foundnodifferencebetweenmenandwomeninnavigationalability.Even

childrenperformedverywell—aresult,researchersthink,ofgrowingupinan

environmentthatencourageschildrentoexploretheforest.

16.Whywasanexperimentcarriedoutin2022?

A.Todevelopanonlinewayfindinggame.

B.Toimprovetheplayers*wayfindingability.

C.Topickoutpeoplewhoareweakinwayfinding.

D.Tofindoutwhypeoplearedifferentinwayfindingability.

17.Accordingtothepassage,whoisprobablythebestatfindingtheirway?

A.Awomanwhooftenexploresnature.

B.AgirlwhostudiesSouthAmericanculture.

C.Amanwhorunsonasportsgroundeverymorning.

D.Aboywholivesinacitywithanorderlystreetnetwork.

18.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Goodnavigatorsaremostlymade,notborn.

B.Navigationskillsdifferbetweenthegenders.

C.Navigationskillsarepasseddown,neverlost.

D.Goodnavigatorsbringdevelopmentsintechnology.

六

Imaginearobot.Whatcomestoyourmindiirst?Amachinestrongerthan

thehumanbody?However,thissamequalityisnowcausingabigproblem一

it'screatingtonsoflong-lastinge-wastethatcouldfloodourplanet.Whatif,

instead,themachinesweuseweredesignedtobreakdownanddisappear一

justaslivingthingsdo?

ForastudypublishedinScienceAdvances,researchersmadearobotic

armandacontrollerusingmaterialsfromanimalsandplants.These

materialsarestrongenoughtoworkbutcaneasilybreakdowninanatural

environment.Aftertesting,bothpartsweregoneinsoilwithinweeks.

Biodegradable（可生物降解的）roboticsoftenfallsundertheumbrellaofsoft

robotics,whichtakesideasfromnature."Thisfieldstartedinmaterials

scienceandchemisrryratherthantraditionalrobotsthatcomefrom

mechanical（机械的）engineering.nsaysFlorianHartmann,amaterials

scientistfromGermany.However,manyearlysoftroboticsmodelsstillused

man-ma