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2027届新高考英语一轮精准复习阅读理解CD篇解题技巧时间篇目主题语境话题文体说明对象2024.6新课标2C人与社会室内园艺(BMF,巴比伦微农场)系统说明文环保生活D人与社会一本以人工智能为主题的书书评实用指南2023.6新高考1C人与社会数字极简主义生活优点说明文新事物D人与社会“群体智慧”效应说明文新事物2022.6新高考1C人与社会关爱养老院老人的养鸡项目说明文新做法D人与社会人类语音的发展与农业之间的关系说明文研究报告2021.6新高考1C人与自然美国联邦鸭票计划说明文新事物D人与社会情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望说明文研究报告近几年新高考阅读理解说明文命题规律项目考题类型具体细节推理判断主旨大意词义推测观点态度写作目的新课标1卷7(22、23、24、29、30、32、35)5(21、25、31、33、34)1(26)1(28)01(27)占比46.7%33.3%6.7%6.7%06.7%新课标2卷7(21、22、23、25、26、28、29)5(24、27、30、33、34)1(31)1(32)1(35)0占比46.7%33.3%6.7%6.7%6.7%0全国甲卷7(21、22、23、24、25、28、30)4(29、32、33、34)1(27)1(26)1(31)1(35)占比46.7%26.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%6.7%2024年全国英语高考试卷考察题型统计特点类别核心内容文体定位1.核心功能:客观说明、解释、介绍,传递知识、原理、现象等,无主观抒情、无叙事、少强烈议论2.难度定位:多位于C/D篇,难度高于记叙文、应用文,信息密度大选材主题1.科技类:AI、环保、生物、医疗、前沿发明与研究2.自然类:自然现象、生态环境、地理、考古3.社科类:社会文化、心理、教育、历史现象4.其他:新发现、新理论、新方法结构特点1.宏观框架:以“总—分”、“总—分—总”为主,其次是“现象—原因—影响—对策”、“问题—研究—发现—结论—应用”2.段落结构:每段首句多为主题句,段内遵循“主题句→细节/例证/数据→小结”3.说明顺序:逻辑顺序(主—次、因—果等)、时间/过程顺序(实验、发明)、空间/分类顺序(事物构造)Researchreport/finding/study…TopicparagraphResearchfinding研究结果evaluation/significance研究评价或意义Processormethodoftheresearch研究过程或方法Thepurpose研究目的Problems解决问题/研究中遇到的问题SupportingevidenceoftheresearchSubparagraphs子段落Lastparagraph问题研究/新发现类说明文的段落结构:SocialphenomenonTopicparagraphthephenomenon(definition)hopes/suggestion/worries/doubts…influence造成影响(benefits/damage)Opinion/attitude人们看法causes产生原因社会现象类说明文的段落结构:Subparagraphs子段落Lastparagraph语言特点1.时态语态:以一般现在时为主(客观规律),被动语态高频(强调事实,弱化施动者)2.词汇特征:中性严谨,专业术语、学术词汇、派生词多,常通过下定义、同位语解释生词3.句式特征:长难句密集(复合句、非谓语、插入语等),名词化结构多,逻辑连接词丰富(并列、转折、因果等)说明方法1.下定义:Aisdefinedas.../Arefersto...2.列数字:statistics、researchshows...3.举例子:forinstance、take...asanexample4.作比较:comparedwith、incontrast5.分类:dividedinto...categories6.因果分析:leadto、dueto、contributeto命题特点1.主旨大意题:考查标题、主题、写作目的(抓首尾+各段首句)2.细节理解题:考查事实、数据、原因等(定位原文同义替换)3.推理判断题:考查隐含意义、逻辑推断,作者态度多为(客观objective)/(中立neutral、indifferent)4.词义猜测题:考查术语、熟词生义(结合上下文/构词法)5.写作手法题:考查说明方法、段落功能、篇章结构命题人
眼中的说明文是什么样子的呢?Expositorywriting(说明文)logicalstructure结构严谨distincttopic主题鲜明clearattitude态度明确Ourfirstpriorityistoanalyzethestructureofexpositorywriting!理清说明文语篇结构为重中之重!步骤具体做法如何避坑/避雷1234找题干关键词关键词一定不是非常普通的、没有任何特征或标志性的词在文本中定位的内容必须跟题干关键词信息最大限度地重合无中生有1,文本中压根没有、只是在选项中增加的干扰信息无中生有2,文本中没有、但却是依据文本原意而设置的同义替换无中生有3,文本中没有、但却是依据文本原意而推断的结论信息注意以点代面、以面代点、以偏概全、偷换概念、偷梁换柱的信息用关键词定位依文本滤选项看时间固答案以第一印象为主,确实有剩余作答时间,再对不确定答案进行纠正,最后固定答案阅读理解C、D解题技巧初探关于读文章,如何速找到文章重点?如何迅速找到文章重点?文章一定有重点,出题必然考重点:1.段中无转折,段首概括是重点2.段中有转折,but/however后面是重点3.段中有提问,直接/间接回答是重点4.段尾有总结,总结或结论部分是重点5.问观点态度,动词、形容词是重点6.问建议意见看法,直接引语是重点7.具体细节不重要,抽象概括是重点阅读理解C、D阅读技巧初探补充:观点态度态度类常考词汇汇总肯定、支持:favorable赞同的、approving赞成的、positive积极的、reasonable合理地、enthusiastic热情的否定、反对:impractical不实际的、negative否定的、disapproving不赞成的、prejudiced有成见的、critical批评的客观、中立:objective客观的、neutral中立的、indifferent漠然的、unconcerned漠不关心的关于读文章,如何速找到文章重点?4.需要让你认识的都会让你认识,有时候看不懂的可能不重要!!!如何迅速找到文章重点?考试目的是筛选,不要总自我为难1.关注中心句(开头概括句,总结句,转折句,问题答案)2.关注高频词(全文多次,甚至每段都出现,重复即重要)3.关注长难句(推理判断题型通常需要读懂长难句并能提炼要点)1.关注中心句(开头概括句,总结句,转折句,问题答案)2.关注高频词(全文多次,甚至每段都出现,重复即重要)语篇结构
【1】Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.【2】Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.【3】Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.【4】Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说).”Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.【5】Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.【6】Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.屏幕阅读与纸质阅读在理解力上存在差异,纸质材料上的阅读更有效。心理因素也是同等重要的原因:数字文本阅读的投入比印刷文本少教育者不应认为所有媒体都是一样的。提出主题题纸张的物理属性(触感和地理位置)有助于记忆内容。解释原因(二)总结解释原因(一)topicsentence题目类型2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解词义猜测细节理解细节理解推理判断StrikedownIdentifythelogictrapsineachquestion.词义猜测题Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.上下文语境+逻辑词、特殊符号难点:准确理解shinethrough与上下文的逻辑关系。同义词替换:printreading=paperreading根据前面moresuccessful可知作者应该是肯定Thebenefitsofprintreading,排除AB,根据句意(如上)选D命题点:补充说明句29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?
A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.
B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.
C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.
D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.StrikedownIdentifythelogictrapsineachquestion.
4
Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说).”Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.命题点:解释说明句细节理解题同义替换无中生有
曲解文意干扰项,原词复现并拼凑,但曲解文意,且不是“假说”的内容。notsoserious=treat...lightly30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?
A.Theycanholdstudents’attention.
B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.
C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.
D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.StrikedownIdentifythelogictrapsineachquestion.
4
Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.命题点:因果句细节理解题先看题目定位turnto≈use;“so”因果连词,前句就是原因。
同意替换:engaging引人入胜的≈attractive≈canholdstudents'attentionTIP:高考题在考查阅读的过程中,喜欢用paraphrase/interpret/summarize等方式呈现正确答案,注意同义替换。31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?
A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.
B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.
C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.
D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.StrikedownIdentifythelogictrapsineachquestion.
6
Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.推理判断题关注转折后的内容最后一段两句话,重点在“however...”不应该认为所有媒体都是一样的。结合本文强调印刷文本的作用。可知答案选C也用排除法:A主语错误,应该是educators.B,D无中生有。命题点:主题句/转折句Thankyouforyourlistening!阅读理解6个高频易错点易错点1:误读选项:不熟悉选项中的同义转述、简化概括【2025年庆阳市高三第二次诊断试题】BPeopleindailylifeusuallywashtheirproducebeforeeatingtoremovepesticideresidues(农药残留物).Butareyourfruitsandvegetablesreallycleanenoughtoeat?Now,14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe20243MYoungScientistChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorthatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideleftoversonfood.TheninthgraderattheGwinnettSchoolofMathematics,ScienceandTechnologyinSnellvillehasreceivedthetitle“America'sTopYoungScientist”.24.WhatisthemainpurposeofSirishSubash'sinvention?A.Tomakepeople'sfoodsafer.B.Tohelpproducepesticides.C.Towaterfruitsandvegetables.D.Topromotethestudyofscience.题干关键定位词此句做detector的定语从句,说明detector的功用【错因分析-扭转错误思路】因为部分考生看到整篇文章中有waterfruitsandvegetables这个词组出现,就毫不犹豫地选择了C选项,岂不知thatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideleftoversonfood这个定语从句就是对题干关键词invention目的的简化概括,就是这项发明的目的tomakepeople'sfoodsafe。√在阅读理解的题目中,命题人有时会将文中的一个或多个信息点换一种方式表达出来即同义转述。同义转述可能会出现在题干中,也可能出现在选项中,转述的方式也是多种多样的,如通过同义词、反义词、近义词或派生词的形式等。借助“同义转述”,考生可以快速锁定答案。如2024新课标I卷第30题A项中的“holdstudents'attention”是对原文中“feelmoreengaging”的同义转述。解决方案:两特征速定阅读理解正确项特征1:同义转述高考阅读理解不仅考查考生提取文本中表层信息(文本中直接陈述的事实与观点)的能力,同时也会考查考生的深层理解能力,要求考生理解散落在文本各处的信息点,并进行归纳整理,得出文章所要表达的含义,因此这些题目的正确选项就是对文中碎片信息的整合与概括。如2024新课标I卷第29题A项中的“treatdigitaltextslightly”是对原文信息句“peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint”的简化概括。特征2:简化概括易错点2:误读选项:忽视选项中的偷换概念,曲解原意【2025年庆阳市高三第二次诊断试题】CUnsurprisingly,moreplantsarebeneficialtomanyanimalspecies.Thisisafactorthaturbanplanningmodelsalreadytakeintoaccount.However,thestudyalsoshowsthatlawns,treesandbushesvarywidelyintermsofthediversityandnumbersofthespeciestheyattract.Sofar,publicspacesaredesignedwithhumansinmind,withlittleconsiderationtoanimalsandotherspecies.30.Whatdoesthestudysayabouturbangreenery?A.Itwillreplaceartificiallights.B.Itvariesinattractingspecies.C.Ithasnothingtodowithspecies.D.Itiswellplannedinurbanbuildings.题干关键定位词关键词定位的文章句子是一个长难句【错因分析-扭转错误思路】部分考生没有读透此长难句,但注意到文章中第二段出现过的artificiallights,所以不假思索地把偷换概念的A选项选为正确答案。但实际上文本和选项有一个意群结构复现,因此在读题过程中一定要精确判断,规避偷换概念的选项。√
干扰项的表达仅有部分词汇在原文中没有体现或者和原文不一致,这容易给考生造成一种错觉,从而误选,这种干扰项常常偷换了动作的发出者、动作的承受者、动作本身或积极、消极语义等。解决方案:火眼金睛辨识两大设题陷阱陷阱1:偷换概念干扰项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话,看似与文章表达的意思一致,其实是对原句意思的曲解。陷阱2:曲解原意有些阅读理解题的干扰项设置与原文信息句高度吻合,导致学生在做此类题目时容易出现信息比对失误而错选。针对此类选项,考生在解题时要根据题干中的关键词回文定位,认真分析原文相关语句,仔细比对选项与原文信息,避免误选。易错点3:误读选项:忽视选项中的以偏概全、扩大或者缩小范围【2025年庆阳市高三第二次诊断试题】B
Peopleindailylifeusuallywashtheirproducebeforeeatingtoremovepesticideresidues(农药残留物).Butareyourfruitsandvegetablesreallycleanenoughtoeat?Now,14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe20243MYoungScientistChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorthatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideleftoversonfood.TheninthgraderattheGwinnettSchoolofMathematics,ScienceandTechnologyinSnellvillehasreceivedthetitle“America'sTopYoungScientist”.Nowinits17thyear,thechallengesupportsmiddleschoolstudentswhothinkcreativelyandapplyscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)principlestomakeinventions.Whenthefinalistsarechosen,theyarepairedwitha3Mscientistwhoguidesthemoverthesummertohelptaketheirideasfromjustconceptstomodels.Sirishspentfourmonthscompetingagainstnineotherfinalists.Thefinalistshadtocompleteaseriesofinteractivechallengesandwereevaluatedontheirinnovation,applicationofSTEM,aswellastheirabilitytoinspireothers.“Thisyear'sYoungScientistChallengefinalistshaveshownanincredibleabilitytodevelopcreativesolutionstosomeoftheworld'smostpressingchallenges,"TorieClarke,thechiefpublicaffairsofficer,saidinthepressrelease."Iambeyondimpressedandinspiredbytheirintelligenceandtheirscientificminds.”Twootherfinalistsincludedsecond-placewinnerMinulaWeerasekerafromBeaverton,Oregonwhodevelopedarealsolutionforstoringenergylongerandthird-placewinnerWilliamTanfromScarsdale,NewYorkwhodevelopedausefulAIsmartartificialreef(礁)toprotectbiodiversityunderwater.26.Whatdotheinventionsofthethreefinalistshaveincommon?A.Theychangepeople'shabits.B.Theyenhanceenergyefficiency.C.Theysolvesomepracticalproblems.D.Theyprotecttheunderwaterenvironment.【2025年庆阳市高三第二次诊断试题】B
“Thisyear'sYoungScientistChallengefinalistshaveshownanincredibleabilitytodevelopcreativesolutionstosomeoftheworld'smostpressingchallenges,"TorieClarke,thechiefpublicaffairsofficer,saidinthepressrelease."Iambeyondimpressedandinspiredbytheirintelligenceandtheirscientificminds.”Twootherfinalistsincludedsecond-placewinnerMinulaWeerasekerafromBeaverton,Oregonwhodevelopedarealsolutionforstoringenergylongerandthird-placewinnerWilliamTanfromScarsdale,NewYorkwhodevelopedausefulAIsmartartificialreef(礁)toprotectbiodiversityunderwater.【2025年庆阳市高三第二次诊断试题】B
Peopleindailylifeusuallywashtheirproducebeforeeatingtoremovepesticideresidues(农药残留物).Butareyourfruitsandvegetablesreallycleanenoughtoeat?Now,14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe20243MYoungScientistChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorthatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideleftoversonfood.TheninthgraderattheGwinnettSchoolofMathematics,ScienceandTechnologyinSnellvillehasreceivedthetitle“America'sTopYoungScientist”.Nowinits17thyear,thechallengesupportsmiddleschoolstudentswhothinkcreativelyandapplyscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)principlestomakeinventions.Whenthefinalistsarechosen,theyarepairedwitha3Mscientistwhoguidesthemoverthesummertohelptaketheirideasfromjustconceptstomodels.Sirishspentfourmonthscompetingagainstnineotherfinalists.Thefinalistshadtocompleteaseriesofinteractivechallengesandwereevaluatedontheirinnovation,applicationofSTEM,aswellastheirabilitytoinspireothers.“Thisyear'sYoungScientistChallengefinalistshaveshownanincredibleabilitytodevelopcreativesolutionstosomeoftheworld'smostpressingchallenges,"TorieClarke,thechiefpublicaffairsofficer,saidinthepressrelease."Iambeyondimpressedandinspiredbytheirintelligenceandtheirscientificminds.”Twootherfinalistsincludedsecond-placewinnerMinulaWeerasekerafromBeaverton,Oregonwhodevelopedarealsolutionforstoringenergylongerandthird-placewinnerWilliamTanfromScarsdale,NewYorkwhodevelopedausefulAIsmartartificialreef(礁)toprotectbiodiversityunderwater.thefirst-placefinalistthesecond-placefinalistthethird-placefinalist26.Whatdotheinventionsofthethreefinalistshaveincommon?A.Theychangepeople'shabits.B.Theyenhanceenergyefficiency.C.Theysolvesomepracticalproblems.D.Theyprotecttheunderwaterenvironment.题干关键定位词无中生有1无中生有1以偏概全,这只是thethird-placefinalist发明的功效【错因分析-扭转错误思路】部分考生在读到选项D的内容Theyprotecttheunderwaterenvironment且发现这个句子在文本中出现,就确定选择了该选项,但却忽略了题干问的是theinventionsofthethreefinalistshaveincommon,因此这样的选择方式就掉入以偏概全、以点代面、扩大或者缩小范围的陷阱里了。√解决方案:跳出圈外,冷眼看扩缩范围的命题套路
在阅读理解题中,干扰项的扩缩范围是指选项中信息的具体程度与原文信息的匹配程度不符,从而导致考生做出错误选择的命题套路。具体来说:1.扩大范围:干扰项提供的信息比原文描述的更为广泛或夸大。这样的选项可能包含超出原文信息的推测或结论,导致考生误认为这是对文本的总结或解释。2.缩小范围:干扰项提供的信息比原文描述的更为狭窄。这种选项可能只强调原文中某个具体细节,而忽略了更广泛的背景或整体内容,使考生误以为这是重点内容。做阅读理解题时,考生需要仔细对比选项和原文,以确定选项是否准确反映了原文的信息范围,而不是被干扰项的扩缩范围误导。易错点4:个人主观臆断取代作者观点
【2025年黑龙江大庆9月一模】Finally,itwastimetosetfreethoselittleones.Havingmadesurenosuspicious(可疑的)peoplewerenearby,Iletoutthehatchlings.Witheachsetofwaves,wewitnessedthesurvivalofthefittest,somecrawling(爬行)pastthewhitewashwhileotherscrashedbacktoshore.Abunchofbirdswasreadytodiveintotheseafortheirtargets.27:Howmighttheauthorfeelwhenseeingthehatchlingscrawling?A.Relieved.B.Attached.C.Concerned.D.Annoyed.√当部分考生读到这个句子时,就主观臆断为作者I害怕被打扰,因此就选择了错误的D选项实际上大家都读完这几句所表述的意义时,就懂得作者一直关注被放生的小海龟,看到被冲回岸、被鸟在等着进食,就担心他们能否爬回大海解决方案:三种做法可避免主观臆断3.学会质疑:在解题过程中,养成对每一个选项进行质疑的习惯。问自己:“这个选项与文章的哪部分对应?”只有当你能明确指出选项与文章的内容有关联时,才选择它。通过这种方式,可以有效减少主观臆断的可能性。在做高考英语阅读理解题时,避免脱离原文、用主观臆断取代作者观点是至关重要的。考生可注意以下三点来避免这一现象的发生:1.圈注关键:在阅读文章时,使用笔在卷子上标记出关键信息,如作者的观点、主题句和支持论据等。这有助于在做题时快速回顾重要内容,确保答案是基于作者的实际陈述而不是自己的理解。2.回文定位:在回答问题时,务必回到文章中找到相关段落进行定位。特别是在不确定答案时,通过在原文中找到对应的句子或段落,确保答案与原文信息一致或最大限度地重合,避免主观臆断。易错点5:不能精准定位文本中的信息句,误判选择依据【2025年福建泉州10月模拟】
Forthepast14years,shehasbeenstudyingactivefaults(断层)intheQinghai-TibetPlateauandhowtheymove.In2021,ChevalierwaspresentedwiththeChineseGovernmentFriendshipAwardinappreciationofhercontributionstothedevelopmentofChina'sdisasterassessmentsystemofearthquakeandthepromotionofcooperationandexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.Q:WhatachievementdidCheva
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