中科大材料科学课件01绪论

课程说明本课程介绍材料科学工程的概要与基础，内容涵盖原子键结及配位，结晶构造，结晶固体之缺陷，机械性质，差排与强化机制，材料破裂，相图，相转变与微结构之改变，金属热处理与成形，陶瓷材料，高分子及复合材料，材料电性，热性质，材料磁性，介电及光学材料，材料之劣化与腐蚀等。

成绩考核

*约每周小考一次(一学期共十次).*提供习题解答,配合演习课,由助教协助讲解习题.*小考20%，期中考40%，期末考40%

结构(structure)

性质(property)

制程(processing)

功能(performance)材料科学工程要素

原子结构

奈米(nano-)结构微观(microscopic)结构宏观(macroscopic)结构结构(structure)奈米是啥“米”

奈米（nm），又称毫微米。一奈米的物体放到乒乓球上，就像一个乒乓球放在地球上一般介于宏观与微观之间奈米材料又称为超微颗粒材料，由奈米粒子组成。奈米粒子也叫超微颗粒，一般是指尺寸在1-100nm间的粒子，它具有表面效应、小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应

「结」－字首：糸，细丝。字身：吉，士人之口，有所成也。＊丝有所成，互相钩连，完成，合也。「构」－字首：木，木料。字身：冓，对交之形。＊交互形成组织者。定义：一物体由若干物体之结合所构成者。结构ThearrangementofinternalcomponentsofmatterElectronic:onasubatomiclevelCrystal:onanatomiclevelMicrostructure:onamicroscopiclevel

StructureICThinFilmLab.NTHU

STMimagesofas-cleanedSi(111)-7×7surface20nmx20nm20nmx20nmfilled-state(Vs=-1.5V)

empty-state(Vs=0.5V)奈米材料-二氧化钛

机械(mechanical)

电(electrical)

热(thermal)

磁(magnetic)

光(optical)

劣化（deteriorative

）性质(property)「性」－字首：心，认知之主体。字身：生，产生。＊产生认知之本。「质」－字身：斤，计量单位。字首：贝，货币。＊实在、实有者。定义：某一物体因其结构而具有的状态。对外来刺激的特殊反应(特质与大小)。。

性质Amaterialtraitexpressedintermofthemeasured(kindandmagnitude)responsetoaspecificimposedstimulus

Property断裂的船身三种不同的氧化铝

金属材料陶瓷材料高分子材料电子材料材料分类(一)

金属材料陶瓷材料高分子材料复合材料半导体材料生物材料材料分类(二)ICThinFilmLab.NTHU1

m0.25

m,6-levelMetallization(UMC)ICThinFilmLab.NTHU1

mMulti-LevelCuInterconnect(UMC)ICThinFilmLab.NTHUAlM1CuM5CuM4CuM3CuM2WPlugMulti-LevelCuInterconnect(UMC)ICThinFilmLab.NTHUSALICIDEinPentiumII-450ChipTiSi2TiSi2Si3N4Si0.1mmICThinFilmLab.NTHU0.1

mGateoxide(2.8nm)Si3N4Self-alignedTiSi2Self-alignedTiSi2(UMC)HRTEMimageoftheinterfacesbetweenSEGSiandSisubstrateaswellastheoxidesidewall特性使用期间劣化情况成本材料选用

材料科技的挑战

绿色生产交通：减重,高温

能源：核能材料

环保再生绿色生产核能材料交通：减重能源环保再生先进材料

高科技材料新材料

高性能材料

CD,Laser,LCD

资讯材料绿色生产核能材料交通：减重能源环保再生1968CSMS(MRS-T)19721stMSEProgram(NTHU)19741stDomesticM.S.inMSE1979

MST:NationalKeyArea1980

MaterialsAdvisoryGrop,STAG19801stNationalMaterialsCongressMilestones1981Ph.D.PrograminMSE1982MaterialsSteeringGroup,STAG1982MRL,ITRI1983MDC,CSIST1984MSC,NTHUMilestones19851stDomesticPh.D.inMSE1987MST:NationalStrategicIndustry1987MSTDevelopmentProgram(MOE)1992MaterialsChemistryandPhysicsMilestones0500100015002000250030003500FacultyPh.D.StudentM.S.StudentB.S.Student199019961999FacultyandStudentinMSENumberUniversity020406080100120140NTHUNCKUNSYSUFCUNTUTTITNCTUNOUNCHUKITGraduateStudentsbyUnviersityM.S.Ph.DCurrentNSCMaterialEngineeringProjects4482486964562386984622787780100200300400500600700800199920002000(2)YearFacultyPhDstudentMSstudent-50,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000271,625283,509327,082199920002000(2)YearNT$1kCurrentNSCMaterialEngineeringProjectsGovernmentR&DBudget(inB.U.S.$)00.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.82FY96FY97FY98DistributionofGovernmentR&DBudgetinMaterials(57.8MU.S.$)TechnicalDevelopment78%Supplement.Program6%BasicResearch1%AppliedResearch15%CountriesofPh.D.StudyJapan6%Europe8%Taiwan22%U.S.64%0510152025NumberofFacultyNTHUNCKUNSYSUFCUNTUTTITNCTUNOUNCHUKITUniversityCountriesofPh.D.StudyTaiwanEuropeJapanU.S.Electronic17%Ceramic26%Metallic46%Composite11%ResearchInterestofFacultyinMSENewgroupingsInformationmaterialsCommunicationmaterialsGreenmaterialsNanomaterials

PlacementofPh.D.GraduatesatNTHU(1991-95)051015202530IndustryResearchTeachingM.ServiceOthersGraduatesinMSEatNTHUbyYear0102030405060707475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596

M.S.

Ph.D.

B.S.Ph.D.GraduatesinMSEatNTHUbyYear0510152025858687888990919293949596FacultyandStudentinMSEatNTHU050100150200250FacultyPh.D.StudentM.S.StudentB.S.StudentM.S.GraduatesinMSEatNTHUbyYear010203040506070747678808284868890929496GraduatesinMSEatNTHUbyYear0102030405060707475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596

M.S.

Ph.D.

B.S.Ph.D.GraduatesinMSEatNTHUbyYear0510152025858687888990919293949596FacultyandStudentinMSEatNTHU050100150200250FacultyPh.D.StudentM.S.StudentB.S.StudentM.S.GraduatesinMSEatNTHUbyYear010203040506070747678808284868890929496PlacementofPh.D.GraduatesatNTHU(1991-95)05