2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题回忆版

2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题回忆版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,asindividualsseektoescapetheomnipresentgripoftechnology.However,theideaofcompletely1fromthedigitalworldisoftenviewedwithskepticism,ifnotoutright2.Formostofus,technologyisnotmerelyatoolbuta(n)3partofourdailyexistence,facilitatingwork,communication,andentertainment.4,thegoalofadigitaldetoxshouldnotbethetotalabandonmentoftechnology,butratherthedevelopmentofahealthier,more5relationshipwithit.Thephysiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofconstantconnectivityarebecomingincreasingly6.Studieshaveshownthatthebluelightemittedbyscreenscandisruptcircadianrhythms,7tosleepdeprivation.Furthermore,theconstantstreamofnotificationscantriggerastateof8alertness,keepingthebraininaperpetualstateof"fightorflight."Thischronicstresscanhaveserious9,rangingfromanxietyanddepressiontomoreseverecognitiveimpairments.10,steppingawayfromourdevicesperiodicallycanprovidethenervoussystemwithamuch-neededopportunityto11andrecover.Implementingadigitaldetoxdoesnotrequire12measures.Simplechanges,suchas13"phone-freezones"inthehouseorsettingspecifictimestocheckemails,canmakeasignificantdifference.Itisabout14controloverone'sdigitalhabitsratherthanbeingcontrolledbythem.By15consciouschoicesaboutwhenandhowweusetechnology,wecan16itsbenefitswhilemitigatingitsdrawbacks.Oneofthemostsignificantbarrierstoasuccessfuldigitaldetoxisthe17ofmissingout,oftenreferredtoasFOMO(FearOfMissingOut).Socialmediaplatformsaredesignedto18thisfear,encouraginguserstostaygluedtotheirscreens.Overcomingthisrequiresa19inmindset.Wemustrecognizethatthecuratedlivesweseeonlineareoftena(n)20reality,andthattrueconnectionandfulfillmentarefoundinthephysicalworld,notjustthedigitalone.1.[A]isolating[B]detaching[C]separating[D]abstaining2.[A]rejection[B]denial[C]refusal[D]ignorance3.[A]optional[B]integral[C]trivial[D]additional4.[A]Therefore[B]Conversely[C]However[D]Furthermore5.[A]rigid[B]distant[C]balanced[D]hostile6.[A]ambiguous[B]negligible[C]evident[D]controversial7.[A]contributing[B]leading[C]relating[D]referring8.[A]low[B]mild[C]high[D]moderate9.[A]manifestations[B]consequences[C]origins[D]components10.[A]Consequently[B]Moreover[C]Nevertheless[D]Incidentally11.[A]reset[B]collapse[C]intensify[D]stagnate12.[A]drastic[B]scientific[C]medical[D]theoretical13.[A]maintaining[B]establishing[C]observing[D]ignoring14.[A]losing[B]sharing[C]regaining[D]transferring15.[A]making[B]forcing[C]allowing[D]suggesting16.[A]maximize[B]minimize[C]recognize[D]eliminate17.[A]joy[B]fear[C]benefit[D]cost18.[A]exploit[B]alleviate[C]suppress[D]ignore19.[A]shift[B]loss[C]return[D]failure20.[A]authentic[B]fabricated[C]objective[D]transparentSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hastransformedthelandscapeofworkinthe21stcentury,promisingflexibilityandautonomyformillionsofworkers.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andTaskRabbithaveconnectedserviceprovidersdirectlywithconsumers,bypassingtraditionalemploymentstructures.Proponentsarguethatthismodelempowersindividualstobetheirownbosses,choosingwhenandwheretheywork.However,beneaththeveneeroffreedomliesamorecomplexreality,onecharacterizedbyprecariousnessandalackofsocialsafetynets.Whiletheflexibilityofgigworkisundeniable,itoftencomesatthecostoffinancialstability.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractors,meaningtheyarenotentitledtobenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementplans.Theirincomeisalsohighlyvolatile,fluctuatingwithmarketdemandandalgorithmicchangesthatareoftenopaquetotheworkersthemselves.Adrivermightfindtheirearningspermileslashedovernightduetoashiftintheplatform'spricingstrategy,leavingthemwithlittlerecourse.Furthermore,theautonomypromisedbythegigeconomyisfrequentlyillusory.Algorithmsactasthenewmanagers,dictatingwhichjobsareoffered,settingprices,andevendeterminingthelikelihoodofaworkerbeing"deactivated"(fired)basedoncustomerratingsandacceptancerates.Thesedigitaloverseersoperatewithouttransparency,makingitdifficultforworkerstounderstandtherulesofthegameortoappealdecisions.Thiscreatesapowerdynamicthatisarguablymoreasymmetricalthanintraditionalworkplaces,whereatleasttherearechannelsfornegotiationandcollectivebargaining.Theimpactofthisshiftextendsbeyondindividualworkerstothebroadereconomy.Asmorebusinessesmovetoagig-basedmodeltoreducelaborcosts,thetaxbaseerodes,andtheburdenofsocialwelfareshiftstothestate.Moreover,thelackofemployer-sponsoredtrainingcontributestoaskillsgap,asworkersfocusonimmediatetaskcompletionratherthanlong-termcareerdevelopment.Criticsarguethatcurrentlaborlawsareoutdatedandfailtoprotectworkersinthisnewdigitalenvironment.Therehavebeenincreasingcallsforlegislationthatwouldreclassifygigworkersasemployees,ensuringtheyreceivebasicprotections.However,platformsresistsuchchanges,arguingthatincreasedcostswouldleadtohigherpricesforconsumersandreducedflexibilityforworkers.Thedebateoverthefutureofthegigeconomyisfarfromsettled,butwhatisclearisthatitrequiresarethinkingofthesocialcontractbetweenwork,security,andtechnology.21.The"gigeconomy"ischaracterizedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT?[A]Directconnectionbetweenprovidersandconsumers.[B]Traditionalemploymentstructures.[C]Promisedflexibilityandautonomy.[D]Bypassingconventionalintermediaries.22.Accordingtothetext,themaindisadvantageforgigworkersregardingfinancialstabilityis?[A]Theinabilitytochooseworkinghours.[B]Thelackofentitlementtostandardbenefits.[C]Thehighcostofdigitalplatforms.[D]Therequirementtopayhightaxes.23.Theword"illusory"(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto?[A]Absolute.[B]Deceptive.[C]Beneficial.[D]Temporary.24.HowdoalgorithmsaffectgigworkersaccordingtoParagraph3?[A]Theyprovideclearguidelinesforcareeradvancement.[B]Theyreplacetheneedfordirectconsumerinteraction.[C]Theyfunctionasopaqueandcontrollingmanagers.[D]Theyensurefairdistributionoftasks.25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentstateofthegigeconomycanbebestdescribedas?[A]Optimistic.[B]Indifferent.[C]Critical.[D]Supportive.Text2Intherealmofastrophysics,fewdiscoverieshavebeenastransformativeasthedetectionofgravitationalwaves.Ripplesinthefabricofspacetime,predictedbyAlbertEinsteinacenturyago,thesewaveswerefinallyobservedbytheLIGO(LaserInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory)collaborationin2015.Thedetectionconfirmedamajorpredictionofgeneralrelativityandopenedanentirelynewwindowontotheuniverse.Unliketraditionalastronomy,whichreliesonelectromagneticradiation(light,radiowaves,X-rays),gravitationalwaveastronomyallowsscientiststoobservecosmiceventsthatareinvisibleorobscuredbydustandgas.Thefirstdetectedsignal,namedGW150914,wasproducedbythemergeroftwoblackholesmorethanabillionlight-yearsaway.Asthesemassivebodiesspiraledtowardeachother,theydistortedspacetime,sendingoutgravitationalwavesthatstretchedandcompressedtheEarthastheypassed.Althoughthedistortionwasinfinitesimallysmall—smallerthanaproton—theprecisionofLIGO’sinstrumentswasabletodetectit.Thiseventmarkedthebeginningofmulti-messengerastronomy,wheregravitationalwavescanbecombinedwithtraditionalsignalstopaintafullerpictureofcosmicphenomena.Subsequentdetectionshaveincludedthecollisionofneutronstars,whichprovidedinsightsintotheoriginofheavyelementslikegoldandplatinum.Whenneutronstarscollide,theycreateakilonova,anexplosionthatis1,000timesbrighterthanastandardnova.Theseeventsactascosmicforges,scatteringheavyelementsacrosstheuniverse.Byanalyzingthegravitationalwavesandtheaccompanyinglightfromthesecollisions,scientistsconfirmedthatasignificantportionoftheuniverse'sheavyelementsiscreatedinsuchviolentevents.Theimplicationsofthesediscoveriesextendbeyondastrophysics.Theychallengeourunderstandingoffundamentalphysics,testingthelimitsofEinstein'stheoryinextremeenvironments.Forinstance,thespeedofgravitationalwaveswasmeasuredandfoundtobeconsistentwiththespeedoflight,confirmingtheoriesaboutthenatureofgravity.Futureupgradestogravitationalwavedetectors,suchasthespace-basedLISA(LaserInterferometerSpaceAntenna),promisetodetectevenfaintersignals,potentiallyrevealingthesecretsoftheearlyuniverseandtheformationofthefirstblackholes.However,thefieldisnotwithoutitschallenges.Gravitationalwavedetectorsareincrediblysensitiveandsusceptibletonoisefromearthquakes,passingtrucks,andevenquantumfluctuations.Distinguishingagenuinecosmicsignalfromterrestrialnoiserequiressophisticateddataanalysisandaglobalnetworkofdetectorstotriangulatethesource.Despitethesehurdles,thefieldisrapidlymaturing,promisingtoanswersomeofhumanity'smostprofoundquestionsaboutthecosmos.26.Thedetectionofgravitationalwavesissignificantbecauseit?[A]ProvedthatEinsteinwaswrongaboutgeneralrelativity.[B]Reliesonelectromagneticradiationforobservation.[C]Providesanewmethodtoobserveinvisiblecosmicevents.[D]Allowsfordirectobservationofproton-sizedobjects.27.TheauthormentionsGW150914inorderto?[A]Illustratetheconceptofmulti-messengerastronomy.[B]Showthelimitationsoftraditionalastronomy.[C]Explaintheoriginofheavyelementsintheuniverse.[D]DescribethetechnicallimitationsofLIGO.28.Whatdidthecollisionofneutronstarshelpscientistsunderstand?[A]Theformationoftheearlyuniverse.[B]Thespeedoflightversusgravity.[C]Thecreationofheavyelementslikegold.[D]Thebehaviorofblackholes.29.Theword"triangulate"(Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto?[A]Calculatingthepositionofsomethingusinggeometry.[B]Filteringoutnoisefromdata.[C]Upgradingthesensitivityofdetectors.[D]Connectingdifferenttypesoftelescopes.30.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaofthetext?[A]Gravitationalwaveshavedisprovenprevioustheoriesoftheuniverse.[B]Thedetectionofgravitationalwaveshasrevolutionizedastrophysics.[C]LIGOisthemostimportantscientificinstrumenteverbuilt.[D]Futureupgradeswillmakegravitationalwavedetectioneasier.Text3Themodernconsumerisoftenbombardedwithmessagesurgingthemto"buylocal"orsupportdomesticindustries.The"BuyLocal"movementarguesthatpurchasinggoodsproducedwithinthelocalcommunitystrengthensthelocaleconomy,reducescarbonfootprints,andfostersasenseofcommunityconnection.Whiletheseargumentsareemotionallyresonantandcontainakerneloftruth,economictheorysuggeststhatthebenefitsoflocalizationareoftenoverstatedandthatglobalization,despiteitsflaws,providesgreateroverallutility.Fromaneconomicstandpoint,theprincipleofcomparativeadvantagedictatesthatregionsshouldspecializeinproducinggoodsandserviceswheretheyhavethelowestopportunitycost.Tradingallowsregionstoconsumemorethantheycouldproduceontheirown.Forcingconsumersto"buylocal"effectivelyerectstradebarriers,reducingefficiencyandleadingtohigherprices.Ifaregionisnotefficientatgrowingwheatbutexcelsatmanufacturingsoftware,buyinglocalwheatmightkeepafarmeremployed,butitdivertsresourcesfromthemoreproductivesoftwaresector,loweringoverallwealth.Furthermore,theenvironmentalargumentforbuyinglocalisnotasclear-cutasitseems.While"foodmiles"(thedistancefoodtravels)areafactor,theyareoftennotthemostsignificantcontributortocarbonemissions.Productionmethods—suchastheuseoffertilizers,heatingofgreenhouses,andenergy-intensivemachinery—typicallyaccountforamuchlargershareofthecarbonfootprint.Forexample,shippinglambfromNewZealandtotheUKbyboatcansometimeshavealowercarbonfootprintthanproducinglamblocallyintheUKusingenergy-intensivemethods.Thus,ablindfocuson"local"cansometimesbecounterproductivetoenvironmentalgoals.However,thesocialandculturalargumentsforlocalismholdmoreweight.Localbusinessescancontributetotheuniquecharacterofatown,providepersonalizedservice,andkeepprofitscirculatingwithinthecommunity.Thereisalsoapsychologicalbenefittoknowingtheproducerofone'sfoodorgoods,whichcanenhancetrustandsatisfaction.These"non-material"benefitsaredifficulttoquantifyineconomicmodelsbutareundeniablyvaluedbymanypeople.Ultimately,thechoicebetweenbuyinglocalandbuyingglobalisnotbinary.Abalancedapproachmightinvolvesupportinglocalbusinessesforservicesandgoodswherequalityandpersonalconnectionmatter,whilerelyingonglobalmarketsforcommoditieswhereefficiencyandcostareparamount.Policyshouldaimtocorrectthemarketfailuresofglobalization—suchasenvironmentaldamageandlaborexploitation—withoutresortingtotheinefficienciesofprotectionism.Thegoalshouldbeasustainableandequitableglobalsystem,ratherthanaretreatintoisolatedlocaleconomies.31.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"BuyLocal"movement?[A]Iscompletelysupportedbyeconomictheory.[B]Overstatestheeconomicbenefitsoflocalization.[C]Istheonlywaytoreducecarbonfootprints.[D]Shouldbeenforcedbygovernmentregulations.32.Accordingtotheprincipleofcomparativeadvantage,"buyinglocal"canleadto?[A]Higherefficiencyandlowerprices.[B]Increasedspecializationinsoftware.[C]Loweroverallwealthandhigherprices.[D]Strongercommunityconnections.33.TheauthorusestheexampleofNewZealandlambtoillustratethat?[A]Foodmilesarethemaincauseofcarbonemissions.[B]Productionmethodsaremorecriticalthantransportationdistance.[C]Localproductionisalwaysbetterfortheenvironment.[D]Shippinggoodsbyboatisexpensive.34.Whichofthefollowingargumentsfor"buyinglocal"doestheauthorfindmostvalid?[A]Economicefficiency.[B]Environmentalprotection.[C]Socialandculturalvalue.[D]Globaltradereduction.35.Theauthorconcludesthatthebestapproachis?[A]Tostopallinternationaltrade.[B]Toonlybuylocalproducts.[C]Tobalancelocalsupportwithglobalefficiency.[D]Tofocussolelyoneconomicoutput.Text4Thedebateoverthe"canon"inliterature—thelistofworksconsideredtobethemostimportantandworthyofstudy—hasbeenragingfordecades.Traditionallydominatedbydead,white,Europeanmales,thecanonhasfacedchallengesfromfeminist,post-colonial,andcriticalracetheoristswhoargueforamoreinclusiverepresentationofvoices.Theycontendthattheexclusionofwomenandminoritywritersdistortsourunderstandingofliteratureandhistory,reinforcingexistingsocialhierarchies.Proponentsofthetraditionalcanonarguethatitrepresentsthebestthathasbeenthoughtandsaid,selectedthroughaprocessofsurvivalofthefittest.Theyclaimthatworkssurvivenotbecauseoftheidentityoftheauthor,butbecauseoftheiraestheticexcellenceanduniversalthemes.Toalterthecanonforpoliticalreasons,theyargue,istolowerstandardsandreplaceartwithideology.Thisperspectiveviewsthecanonasafixedheritagethatmustbepreservedtomaintainculturalcontinuity.However,theideaofafixed,meritocraticcanonisitselfahistoricalconstruct.Literarytasteschange,andwhatisconsidered"excellent"isofteninfluencedbytheculturalvaluesofthetime.Manyworksnowconsideredclassicswereoncedismissedaspopularfictionorwereignoredbytheacademicestablishment.Shakespeare,forinstance,wasnotelevatedtothestatusofsupremegeniusuntiltheRomanticera.Thecanonisnotanaturalformationbutacuratedone,shapedbyeducationalinstitutions,critics,andpublishingtrends.Thepushforamoreinclusivecanonisnotjustaboutaddingafewtokendiversevoices;itisaboutrethinkingthecriteriabywhichwejudgeliteraryvalue.Ifweonlyvalueliteraturethatreflectsaspecific,dominantexperience,wemissoutontherichnessofthehumanexperience.ExpandingthecanontoincludeworksbyToniMorrison,ChinuaAchebe,orVirginiaWoolfdoesnotnecessarilymeandiscardingShakespeareorMilton;rather,itallowsforamorecomplexandnuancedunderstandingoftheliterarytradition.Itrevealstheinterconnectionsbetweendifferentculturesandhistoricalperiods.Moreover,aninclusivecanonispedagogicallyvaluable.Inanincreasinglyglobalizedworld,studentsneedtobeexposedtoawiderangeofperspectivestodevelopempathyandcriticalthinkingskills.Studyingonlythetraditionalcanoncancreateaskewedviewoftheworld,wheretheexperiencesofthemajorityofthepopulationaremarginalized.Bydiversifyingthecurriculum,educatorscanprovideamoreaccuratereflectionoftheworld'sliterarylandscape.Ultimately,thecanonshouldbeviewednotasamuseumofdeadartifacts,butasadynamicconversation.Itisaspacewheredifferentvoicesinteract,challenge,andinformoneanother.Thegoalofliterarystudyshouldnotbetoworshipafixedlistoftexts,buttoengagewiththeongoingdialogueofhumancreativity.AnevolvingcanonthatembracesdiversitydoesnotdestroytheWesterntradition;itenrichesit,makingitmorerelevantandresilientinachangingworld.36.Criticsofthetraditionalliterarycanonarguethatit?[A]Lacksaestheticexcellence.[B]Reinforcessocialhierarchies.[C]Istooinclusive.[D]Containstoomanyworksbywomen.37.The"survivalofthefittest"argumentforthecanonimpliesthat?[A]Literaryvalueisdeterminedbyaestheticexcellence.[B]Politicalreasonsshoulddictateliterarystudy.[C]Thecanonisconstantlychanging.[D]Womenwritersareinherentlyinferior.38.WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeareinParagraph3?[A]Toprovethatheisthegreatestwriterinhistory.[B]Toshowthatthecanonisahistoricalconstruct.[C]Todemonstratethesurvivalofthefittest.[D]Toargueagainsttheinclusionofmodernwriters.39.Accordingtothetext,aninclusivecanonispedagogicallyvaluablebecauseit?[A]Simplifiesthecurriculumforstudents.[B]FocusessolelyonWesterntraditions.[C]Helpsstudentsdevelopempathyandcriticalthinking.[D]Removestheneedtostudydifficulttexts.40.Theauthor’sconclusionisthatthecanonshouldbe?[A]Abolishedentirely.[B]Preservedexactlyasitis.[C]Viewedasadynamicandevolvingconversation.[D]Limitedtoworksbyminoritywriters.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thehistoryofurbanplanningisdeeplyintertwinedwiththeriseoftheautomobile.Formuchofthe20thcentury,citiesweredesignedtoaccommodatecars,oftenattheexpenseofpedestriansandpublictransport.Widehighwaysslicedthroughneighborhoods,andsprawlingsuburbsreplacedwalkablecommunities.However,inrecentyears,aparadigmshifthasoccurred.Urbanplannersareincreasinglyprioritizing"walkability,"greenspaces,andpublictransit,aimingtocreatecitiesthataresustainable,livable,andhuman-centric.[A]Thisshiftisdrivenbyarecognitionofthenegativeexternalitiesofcar-centriccities.Trafficcongestion,airpollution,andurbansprawlhavetakenatollonpublichealthandtheenvironment.Studieshavelinkedhighlevelsofcardependencetoobesity,respiratoryissues,andsocialisolation.Thecostofmaintainingvastroadinfrastructureisalsobecomingunsustainableformanymunicipalities.[B]Oneofthekeystrategiesinthisnewurbanplanningmodelistheconceptofthe"15-minutecity."PopularizedbyParisMayorAnneHidalgo,thisvisionenforcesacitywhereresidentscanaccessalltheirdailyneeds—work,shopping,education,andhealthcare—withina15-minutewalkorbikeride.Thisdecentralizationreducestheneedforlongcommutesandencourageslocalcommerce.[C]Technologyalsoplaysacrucialroleinthetransformationofurbanmobility.Theriseofride-sharingapps,electricscooters,andautonomousvehiclesofferspotentialsolutionstocongestionandpollution.However,plannersarecautiousaboutrelyingsolelyontechnologicalfixes.Withoutproperregulation,ride-sharingcanincreasecongestionby"deadheading"(drivingwithoutpassengers),andautonomousvehiclescouldencourageevenmoresprawliftheyleadtolonger,easiercommutes.[D]Theeconomicbenefitsofwalkablecitiesarebecomingincreasinglyapparent.Realestatevaluesinwalkableneighborhoodsoftenoutperformthoseincar-dependentsuburbs.Businessesthriveonfoottraffic,andthereductioninparkingspacesfreesupvaluablelandforhousingorparks.This"agglomerationeffect"—wherebusinessesandpeoplebenefitfrombeingclosetogether—isapowerfuldriverofeconomicgrowth.[E]Despitetheenthusiasm,significantbarriersremain.Zoninglawsinmanycitiesstillfavorsingle-familyhousingandlargeparkinglots,makingitdifficulttobuilddense,mixed-usedevelopments.Thereisalsopoliticalresistancefromgroupsaccustomedtothestatusquo.Changingtheinfrastructureofacityisaslow,expensiveprocessthatrequireslong-termpoliticalcommitmentandpublicbuy-in.[F]Ultimately,thefutureofthecityisnotaboutbanningcars,butaboutprovidingchoices.Atrulymoderncityoffersarobustpublictransportationnetwork,safeinfrastructureforcyclistsandpedestrians,andaccessiblegreenspaces.Itisacitythatprioritizeshumaninteractionandwell-beingoverthespeedoftheautomobile.Thegoalistocreatespacesthatfostercommunityandconnection,reversingtheisolationofthecarera.[G]Thisreimaginingofthecityisnotjusttheoretical;itisbeingimplementedinvariousformsaroundtheworld.FromthesuperblocksofBarcelona,whichrestricttraffictocertainmajorarteriestoreclaimstreetsforpedestrians,totheextensivecyclinginfrastructureofCopenhagen,citiesareprovingthatalternativemodelsarepossible.Theseexamplesserveasblueprintsforthefuture,demonstratingthatprioritizingpeopleovercarsleadstohealthier,happiercommunities.41.Theshiftawayfromcar-centriccitiesisprimarilymotivatedby?[A]Thehighcostofautomobiles.[B]Thedesiretoreducepublichealthandenvironmentalcosts.[C]Thepopularityofelectricscooters.[D]Theneedtoexpandsuburbs.42.The"15-minutecity"conceptaimsto?[A]Increasethespeedofpublictransport.[B]Encouragepeopletoliveinsuburbs.[C]Ensuredailyneedsarewithinwalkingdistance.[D]Limittheuseofbicycles.43.Accordingtothetext,technologyinurbanmobility?[A]Isalwaysasolutiontocongestion.[B]Hasnoroleinmodernplanning.[C]Requirescarefulregulationtobeeffective.[D]Shouldbethesolefocusofplanners.44.Oneeconomicadvantageofwalkablecitiesmentionedis?[A]Lowerrealestatevalues.[B]Reducedneedforbusinesses.[C]Higherrealestatevaluesandbusinessthrivingonfoottraffic.[D]Increasedparkingavailability.45.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthetext?[A]Carsarethemostimportantinventionofthe20thcentury.[B]Urbanplanningisshiftingtowardscreatinghuman-centric,sustainablecities.[C]Technologywillsolveallurbanproblems.[D]Zoninglawspreventanychangeincitystructure.SectionIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thepursuitofknowledgehasalwaysbeenafundamentaldriverofhumanprogress,butthemechanismsbywhichknowledgeisdisseminatedandvalidatedhaveundergoneprofoundtransformationsthroughouthistory.(46)Inthepre-modernera,thetransmissionofknowledgewaslargelyapersonalaffair,restrictedtothemaster-apprenticerelationshiporthelimitedcirculationofmanuscriptsamongasmallelite.Thisexclusivitymeantthatknowledgeaccumulationwasslow,andscientificbreakthroughswereoftenisolatedeventsratherthanpartofacumulativeprocess.Theadventoftheprintingpressinthe15thcenturyrevolutionizedthisdynamic,democratizingaccesstoinformationandallowingideastospreadrapidlyacrossborders.(47)However,itwastheriseofthescientificjournalinthe17thcenturythatestablishedthemodernsystemofpeerreview,creatingacommunalstandardforvalidatingtruth.Thissystem,whileremarkablysuccessful,isnotwithoutitsflaws.(48)Thepressuretopublishinprestigiousjournalshasincentivizedquantityoverqualityinsomefields,leadingtoissuesofreproducibilityandaproliferationofredundantresearch.Today,westandonthebrinkofanewrevolutiondrivenbydigitaltechnology.Theinternethasmademoreinformationaccessibletomorepeoplethaneverbefore,challengingthetraditionalgatekeepersofknowledge.(49)Openaccessmovementsandpreprintserversareacceleratingthedisseminationoffindings,bypassingthelengthydelaysoftraditionalpublishing.Yet,thisabundanceofinformationbringsnewchallenges.(50)Distinguishingcredibleknowledgefrommisinformationinanunregulateddigitalenvironmentrequiresalevelofcriticalthinkingandmedialiteracythatisoftenlackinginthegeneralpopulation.Aswenavigatethistransition,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsevolvetofosterintegrityandclarityinthepursuitoftruth.SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Supposeyouareamemberoftheuniversi