2020年下半年上海市医护英语水平考试METS听力考试真题练习及答案

2020年下半年上海市医护英语水平考试METS听力考试练习题练习及答案SectionA:ShortConversations（共10题，每题1分）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Conversation1W:Doctor,I’vehadasplittingheadacheforthreedays.Itstartedontheleftsideandnowit’sspreadingtotheright.IalsofeelnauseouswhenIbendover.M:Doyougetanyvisualdisturbances,likeseeingflashinglightsbeforetheheadache?W:Yes,actually,Isawsomezigzagpatternsyesterdaymorning,rightbeforethepainhit.Q:Whatisthedoctormostlikelytryingtodetermine?A)Thepatient’shistoryofheadinjuriesB)WhethertheheadacheisamigraineC)Thecauseofthepatient’snauseaD)IfthepatienthashighbloodpressureConversation2M:Nurse,whenshouldItakethenewbloodthinneryouprescribed?Theinstructionssay"bid",butI’mnotsureifthat’smorningandnight.W:"Bid"meanstwiceaday,Mr.Li.Takeonetabletwithbreakfastandanotherwithdinner.MakesuretoavoidfoodshighinvitaminK,likespinachandkale,astheycanreducethemedicine’seffect.Q:Whatdoesthenurseadvisethepatienttodo?A)TakethemedicineoncedailyatbedtimeB)AvoidleafygreenvegetableswhileonthedrugC)TakethetabletonanemptystomachD)IncreaseintakeofvitaminK-richfoodsConversation3W:Doctor,my5-year-oldsonhasafeverof39°Candasorethroat.He’sbeenrefusingtoeatbecauseswallowinghurts.Lookathistonsils—they’recoveredinwhitepatches.M:Letmecheck.Yes,thetonsilsareinflamedwithexudate.I’llswabforstreptest.Ifit’spositive,he’llneeda10-daycourseofamoxicillin.Q:Whatisthedoctor’snextstep?A)PrescribeapainkillerforthesorethroatB)PerformarapidstreptococcalantigentestC)Recommendafever-reducinginjectionD)AdvisethechildtodrinkmorewarmwaterConversation4M:Nurse,IneedtochangeMrs.Wang’sdressing.Hasherlatestbloodtestresultcomeback?Thelastoneshowedalowplateletcount.W:Yes,thenewreportjustarrived.Herplateletsare85,000/mm³,whichisstillbelownormal(150,000-450,000).Weshouldbecautiouswiththedressingchange—pressuredressingisamusttopreventbleeding.Q:WhyiscautionneededwhenchangingMrs.Wang’sdressing?A)HerwhitebloodcellcountistoohighB)ShehasahistoryofallergicreactionsC)LowplateletsincreasebleedingriskD)ThewoundisinfectedwithbacteriaConversation5W:I’vebeenhavingtroublesleepinglately.Ilieawakeuntil2a.m.,thenwakeupat5a.m.andcan’tgobacktosleep.Ifeelexhaustedallday.M:Doyouuseyourphoneorlaptopinbed?Bluelightfromscreenscansuppressmelatonin,thesleephormone.Trystoppingscreenuseanhourbeforebedtime.Also,avoidcaffeineafter2p.m.Q:Whatisthedoctor’sadviceforthepatient’sinsomnia?A)Takeover-the-countersleeppillsB)ReducescreentimebeforebedC)ExercisevigorouslyintheeveningD)DrinkcaffeinatedbeveragesinthemorningConversation6M:Nurse,thepatientinRoom302iscomplainingofchestpain.HisECGshowsST-segmentelevation.ShouldIprepareforthrombolysis?W:Checkhisvitalsignsfirst.Bloodpressureis160/100,heartrate95.Nocontraindicationsforthrombolytics—hehasn’thadrecentsurgeryorstroke.Notifythecardiologistimmediately.Q:Whatisthenurse’sinstruction?A)Administerabloodpressure-loweringdrugfirstB)Waitforthecardiologist’sapprovalbeforethrombolysisC)PreparethepatientforimmediatethrombolytictherapyD)TransferthepatienttotheintensivecareunitConversation7W:Doctor,myhusbandhascirrhosis.He’sbeenvomitingblood.TheERgavehimoctreotide,butthebleedinghasn’tstopped.M:Weneedtocheckforesophagealvarices.Agastroscopyisurgent.Ifthevaricesarebleeding,wecanusebandligationorsclerotherapy.Meanwhile,prepareforabloodtransfusion—hishemoglobinis7g/dL.Q:Whatistheprimaryinterventionforthepatient’scondition?A)AdministerahigherdoseofoctreotideB)PerformanendoscopicprocedureC)StartintravenousantibioticsD)SchedulealivertransplantConversation8M:Nurse,thepatientwithCOPDisshortofbreath.Hisoxygensaturationis88%onroomair.ShouldIincreasetheO₂flow?W:No,keepitat2L/min.High-flowoxygencansuppresshishypoxicdrivetobreathe.ApplyanasalcannulaandmonitorSpO₂—targetis88-92%.Q:Whyishigh-flowoxygennotrecommendedforthispatient?A)ItmaycauseoxygentoxicityB)Itcanreducethepatient’srespiratorydriveC)ThepatienthasahistoryofoxygenallergyD)ThenasalcannulacannotdeliverhighflowConversation9W:I’mhereformyannualphysical.Lastyear,mycholesterolwashigh.Didthebloodtestshowimprovement?M:Yourtotalcholesterolis220mg/dL(normal<200),LDLis140(normal<100).Weneedtostepupmanagement—continuethestatin,butincreasethedosefrom10mgto20mgdaily.Also,reducesaturatedfatintake.Q:Whatdoesthedoctorsuggest?A)StoptakingthestatinimmediatelyB)Lowerthestatindoseto5mgC)IncreasethestatindoseD)Switchtoadifferentcholesterol-loweringdrugConversation10M:Nurse,thepost-oppatientinRoom405iscomplainingofsevereabdominalpain.Hisincisionlooksredandswollen,andthere’spusdraining.W:Thatsoundslikeasurgicalsiteinfection.Takeasampleofthepusforcultureandsensitivity.Startbroad-spectrumantibiotics,andinformthesurgeon—debridementmaybeneeded.Q:Whatisthenurse’sfirstaction?A)AdministerpainmedicationB)CollectapussamplefortestingC)ApplyahotcompresstotheincisionD)Preparethepatientforimmediatesurgery---SectionB:LongConversations&Passages（共10题，每题2分）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear2longconversationsand1passage.Aftereach,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththeconversation/passageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.LongConversation1Conversation:W:Dr.Chen,canIdiscussMr.Zhang’scasewithyou?He’sa68-year-oldmaleadmittedwithacuteexacerbationofheartfailure.HisBPis150/95,HR110,andhehas2+pittingedemainthelowerextremities.M:What’shiscurrentmedication?W:He’sonfurosemide40mgdaily,enalapril5mgbid,andmetoprolol25mgbid.Buthisweighthasincreasedby3kginthepast3days,andhislungshavecracklesbilaterally.M:Thefurosemidedosemightbeinsufficient.Let’sincreaseitto80mgIVoncetoday,then60mgoralbid.Also,checkhisserumpotassium—loopdiureticscancausehypokalemia.IfK⁺islow,addspironolactone25mgdaily.W:HislastK⁺was3.2mmol/L(normal3.5-5.0).Shouldwestartspironolactonenow?M:Yes,andgiveoralpotassiumchloride40mmoltoday.Monitorhisurineoutput—aimfor2-3Lperday.Also,restricthisfluidintaketo1.5L/daytoreducepreload.W:Understood.I’lladjustthemedicationandupdatethecareplan.Questions11-1311.WhyisMr.Zhangadmittedtothehospital?A)AcutemyocardialinfarctionB)AcuteheartfailureexacerbationC)SeverehypertensioncrisisD)Chronickidneydisease12.Whatisthedoctor’sadjustmenttothediuretictherapy?A)Decreasefurosemideto20mgdailyB)SwitchfurosemidetospironolactoneC)Increasefurosemideto80mgIVinitiallyD)Administerfurosemidethreetimesaday13.Whatistheprimaryreasonforcheckingserumpotassium?A)TopreventhyperkalemiafromenalaprilB)ToavoidarrhythmiascausedbylowpotassiumC)TomonitortheeffectofmetoprololD)ToadjustthedoseofenalaprilLongConversation2Conversation:M:NurseLi,IneedtoreviewthedischargeinstructionsforMrs.Liu,whohadatotalkneereplacement.W:Sure,Dr.Wang.She’sreadytogohometomorrow.Let’sgothroughthekeypoints.M:First,painmanagement.She’sonoxycodone5mgevery6hoursPRN,butweneedtoweanheroffopioidstoavoiddependence.Recommendacetaminophen1000mgq6hasthefirst-lineformildpain.W:Gotit.Whataboutwoundcare?M:Theincisionishealingwell,butshemustkeepitdryforanother2weeks.Nosoakinginbaths—onlyshowers.Ifshenoticesredness,warmth,orpus,callusimmediately.W:Mobilityisanotherconcern.Sheusesawalkernow.Whencanshetransitiontoacane?M:In2-3weeks,onceherstrengthimproves.Physicaltherapywillcontinueathome—emphasizerangeofmotionexercisesandgradualweight-bearing.W:Andbloodclotprevention?Shewasonenoxaparin40mgdailyinhospital.M:Continueenoxaparinfor4weekspost-discharge.WatchforsignsofDVT:legswelling,pain,redness.Also,encouragehertowearcompressionstockingsduringtheday.W:I’llmakesuresheunderstandsallthese.She’sabitanxiousaboutfallingathome—shouldwesuggestanyhomemodifications?M:Yes,recommendinstallinggrabbarsinthebathroomandremovingtrippinghazardslikerugs.Araisedtoiletseatmighthelptoo.Questions14-1614.Whatisthedoctor’sadviceforMrs.Liu’spainmanagement?A)RelyonoxycodoneforallpainB)UseacetaminophenasthefirstchoiceformildpainC)IncreaseoxycodonedoseifpainpersistsD)Stopallpainmedicationafterdischarge15.WhencanMrs.Liutransitionfromawalkertoacane?A)ImmediatelyafterdischargeB)In2-3weekswithimprovedstrengthC)After4weeksofenoxaparintherapyD)Oncetheincisioniscompletelyhealed16.Whyisenoxaparinprescribedfor4weekspost-surgery?A)TopreventsurgicalsiteinfectionB)ToreduceinflammationinthekneeC)TolowertheriskofdeepveinthrombosisD)ToenhancewoundhealingPassage:HealthEducationLecturePassage:Goodmorning,everyone.Today,we’lltalkaboutmanagingtype2diabetes.Diabetesisachronicconditionwherethebodycan’tproperlyuseorproduceinsulin,leadingtohighbloodsugar.Uncontrolleddiabetescancauseseriouscomplications:heartdisease,kidneydamage,visionloss,andnervedamage.First,bloodglucosemonitoringiskey.Mostofyoushouldcheckyourbloodsugar4timesaday:beforemealsandatbedtime.Targetrangesare:fasting4.4-7.0mmol/L,and2hoursaftermeals<10.0mmol/L.Ifyou’reoninsulin,youmayneedmorefrequentchecks.Second,diet.Abalanceddietlowinrefinedsugarsandprocessedcarbsisessential.Focusonwholegrains,leanproteins,andplentyofvegetables.Portioncontrolmatters—usethe"platemethod":halfyourplatevegetables,aquarterleanprotein,andaquarterwholegrains.Avoidsugarydrinks;water,unsweetenedtea,orblackcoffeearebetterchoices.Third,physicalactivity.Aimforatleast150minutesofmoderateexerciseperweek,likebriskwalking,cycling,orswimming.Exercisehelpslowerbloodsugar,improvesinsulinsensitivity,andreducesheartdiseaserisk.Alwayscheckyourbloodsugarbeforeexercising—ifit’s<5.0mmol/L,haveasmallsnack(e.g.,apieceoffruit)topreventhypoglycemia.Fourth,medicationadherence.Whetheryou’reonoraldrugslikemetforminorinsulin,takethemasprescribed.Neverskipdosesoradjusttheamountwithoutconsultingyourdoctor.Ifyouexperiencesideeffects,suchasstomachupsetwithmetformin,informyourhealthcareprovider—theymayadjustthedoseorswitchmedications.Finally,regularfollow-ups.Visityourdoctorevery3monthsforanHbA1ctest,whichshowsyouraveragebloodsugaroverthepast2-3months.TargetHbA1cis<7.0%formostpatients.Also,haveannualeyeexamstoscreenfordiabeticretinopathyandfootexamstocheckfornervedamage.Remember,diabetesmanagementisateameffort—you,yourfamily,andyourhealthcareproviders.Withconsistenteffort,youcanliveahealthy,activelife.Questions17-2017.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?A)Toexplainthecausesoftype1diabetesB)Toprovideguidanceonmanagingtype2diabetesC)TodiscussthecomplicationsofgestationaldiabetesD)Topromoteanewdiabetesmedication18.Accordingtothelecture,whatistherecommendedbloodglucosetarget2hoursaftermeals?A)<5.0mmol/LB)4.4-7.0mmol/LC)<10.0mmol/LD)7.0-10.0mmol/L19.Whatisthe"platemethod"fordiabetesdiet?A)Halfvegetables,quarterprotein,quarterwholegrainsB)Halffruits,quartervegetables,quarterproteinC)Halfgrains,quartervegetables,quarterproteinD)Halfprotein,quartervegetables,quartergrains20.WhyisregularHbA1ctestingimportant?A)TomeasureimmediatebloodsugarlevelsB)Toassessaveragebloodsugarover2-3monthsC)TodiagnosediabeticretinopathyD)Tomonitorsideeffectsofinsulin---答案及解析SectionA1.B。对话中医生询问患者头痛前是否有视觉异常（如闪光、锯齿状图案），这是偏头痛的典型先兆症状（aura），因此医生在判断是否为偏头痛。2.B。护士明确提到“avoidfoodshighinvitaminK”（避免高维生素K食物），如菠菜和羽衣甘蓝，因此选B。3.B。医生说“I’llswabforstreptest”（取咽拭子做链球菌检测），即快速链球菌抗原检测（rapidstreptococcalantigentest），选B。4.C。护士提到患者血小板计数低