剑桥雅思阅读9原文翻译及答案(test2)

剑桥雅思阅读9原文翻译及答案(test2)

剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test2)

1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whichare

basedonReadingPassage1below.

A.Hearingimpairmentorotherauditoryfunctiondeficitinyoung

childrencanhaveamajorimpactontheirdevelopmentofspeechand

communication,resutinginadetrimentaleffectontheirabi1ityto

learnatschool.Thisislikelytohavemajorconsequencesforthe

individualandthepopulationasawhole.TheNewZealandMinistryof

Healthhasfoundfromresearchcarriedoutovertwodecadesthat6-

10%ofchildreninthatcountryareaffectedbyhearingloss.

B.ApreliminarystudyinNewZealandhasshownthatclassroon

noisepresentsamajorconcernforteachersandpupi1s.Modern

teachingpractices,theorganizationofdesksintheclassroom,poor

classroomacoustics,andmechanicalmeansofventilationsuchasair-

conditioningunitsallcontributetothenumberofchildrenunableto

comprehendtheteacher*svoice.EducationresearchersNelsonand

Solihavealsosuggestedthatrecenttrendsinlearningofteninvolve

collaborativeinteractionofmultiplemindsandtoolsasmuchas

individualpossessionofinformation.Thisal1amountstoheightened

activityandnoiselevels,whichhavethepotentialtobe

particularlyseriousforchildreneMperiencingauditoryfunction

deficit.Noiseinclassroomscanonlye某acerbatetheirdifficulty

incomprehendingandprocessingverbalcomnunicationwithother

childrenandinstructionsfromtheteacher.

C.Chi]drenwithauditoryfunctiondeficitarepotential1y

failingtolearntotheirma某imumpotentialbecauseofnoiselevels

generatedinclassrooms.Theeffectsofnoiseontheabilityof

childrentolearneffectivelyintypicalclassroomenvironmentsare

nowthesubjectofincreasingconcern.TheInternationalInstituteof

NoiseControlEngineering(I-INCE),ontheadviceoftheWorldHealth

Organization,hasestablishedaninternationalworkingparty,which

includesNewZealand,toevaluatenoiseandreverberationcontrolfor

schoolrooms.

D.Whilethedetrimentaleffectsofnoiseinclassroomsituations

arenotlimitedtochildrene某periencingdisability,thosewitha

disabilitythataffectstheirprocessingofspeechandverbal

communicationcouldbe。某tremelyvulnerable.Theauditoryfunction

deficitsinquestionincludehearingimpairment,autisticspectrun

disorders(AND)andattentiondeficitdisorders(ADD/ADHD).

E.Autismisconsideredaneurologicalandgeneticlife-long

disorderthatcausesdiscrepanciesinthewayinformationis

processed.Thisdisorderischaracterizedbyinter!inkingproblems

withsocialimagination,socialcommunicationandsocialinteraction.

AccordingtoJanzen,thisaffectstheabilitytounderstandand

relateintypicalwaystopeople,understandeventsandobjectsin

theenvironment,andunderstandorrespondtosensorystimuli.Autism

doesnotallowlearningorthinkinginthesamewaysasinchildren

whoaredevelopingnormalAutisticspectrumdisordersoftenresult

inmajordifficultiesincomprehendingverbalinformationandspeech

processing.Thosee某periencingthesedisordersoftenfindsounds

suchdscrowdnoitseandthenoisegeiiexcitedbymauhiiieiypainfuland

distressing.Thisisdifficulttoscientificallyquantifyassuche

Mtra-sensorystimulivarygreatlyfromoneautisticindividualto

another.Butachildwhofindsanytypeofnoiseintheirclassroom

orlearningspaceintrusiveis1ikelytobeadverselyaffectedin

theirabilitytoprocessinformation.

F.Theattentiondeficitdisordersareindicativeofneurological

andgeneticdisordersandarecharacterizedbydifficultieswith

sustainingattention,effortandpersistence,organizationskillsand

disinhibition.ChildreneMperiencingthesedisordersfindit

difficulttoscreenoutunimportantinformation,andfocuson

everythingintheenvironmentratherthanattendingtoasingle

activity.Backgroundnoiseintheclassroonbecomesamajor

distraction,whichcanaffecttheirabilitytoconcentrate.

G.Chi]dreneMperiencinganauditoryfunctiondeficitcanoften

findspeechandcomnunicationverydifficulttoisolateandprocess

whensetagainsthighlevelsofbackgroundnoise.Theselevelscone

fromoutsideactivitiesthatpenpt.ratetheclassroomst.riict.urp,from

teachingactivities,andothernoisegeneratedinside,whichcanbee

某acerbatedbyroomreverberation.Strategiesareneededtoobtain

theoptimumclassroomconstructionandperhapsachangeinclassroom

cultureandmethodsofteaching.Inparticular,theeffectsofnoisy

classroomsandactivitiesonthoseeMperiencingdisabilitiesinthe

formofauditoryfunctiondeficitneedthoroughinvestigation.Itis

probablethatmanyundiagnosedchildrene其istintheeducation

systemwithinvisible,disabilities.Theirneedsarelesslikely

tobemetthanthoseofchildrenwithknowndisabilities.

H.TheNewZealandGovernmenthasdevelopedaNewZealand

DisabilityStrategyandhasembarkedonawide-rangingconsultation

process.Theslialugyreuogniz-eythatpeoplee某purieiiuiiig

disabilityfacesignificantbarriersinachievingafullqualityof

lifeinareassuchasattitude,education,employmentandaccessto

service.Objective3oftheNewZealandDisabilityStrategyisto

'ProvidetheBestEducationforDisabledPeopleJbyimproving

educationsothatallchildren,youthlearnersandadultlearners

willhaveequalopportunitiestolearnanddevelopwithintheir

alreadye某istinglocalschool.Forasuccessfuleducation,the

learningenvironmentisvitallysignificant,soanyefforttoimprove

thisislikelytobeofgreatbenefittoallchildren,butespecially

tothosewithauditoryfunctiondisabilities.

I.Anumberofcountriesarealreadyintheprocessof

formulatingtheirownstandardsforthecontrolandreductionof

classroomnoise.NewZealandwillprobablyfollowtheire某ample.

Theliteraturetodateonnoiseinschoolroomsappearstofocuson

theeffectsonschoolchildreningeneral,theirteachersandthe

hearingimpaired.Onlylimitedattentionappearstohavebeengiven

tothosestudentse某perioncingtheothprdisabilitiesinvolving

auditoryfunctiondeficit.Itisimperativethattheneedsofthese

childrenaretakenintoaccountinthesettingofappropriate

internationalstandardstobepromulgatedinfuture.

Questions1-6

ReadingPassage1hasninesections,A-I.

Whichsectioncontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inbo某es1-6onyouranswer

sheet.

1anaccountofanationalpolicyinitiative

2adescriptionofaglobalteameffort

3ahypothesisastoonereasonbehindthegrowthinclassroon

iioibc

4ademandforsuitableworldwideregulations

5alistofmedicalconditionswhichplacesomechildrenmoreat

riskfromnoisethanothers

6theestimatedproportionofchiIdreninNewZealandwith

auditoryproblems

Questions7-10

Answerthequestionsbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassage

foreachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinbo某es7-10onyouranswersheet.

7Forwhatperiodoftimehashearinglossinschoolchildrenbeen

studiedinNewZealand?

8Inadditiontomachinerynoise,whatothertypeofnoisecan

upsetchildrenwithautism?

9Whattermisusedtodescribethehearingproblemsof

schoolchildrenwhichhavenotbeendiagnosed?

10What.part,oftheNewZealandDisabiityStrategyaimstog：ve

schoolchildrenequalopportunity?

Questions11and12

ChooseTWOletters,A-F.

Writethecorrectlettersinbo某es11and12onyouranswer

sheet.

Thelistbelowincludesfactorscontributingtoclassroomnoise.

WhichTWOarementionedbythewriterofthepassage?

Acurrentteachingmethods

Bechoingcorridors

Ccoolingsystens

Dlargeclasssizes

Eloud-voicedleaclieis

Fplaygroundganes

Question13

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletterinbo某13onyouranswersheet.

Whatisthewriter'soverallpurposeinwritingthisarticle?

Atocomparedifferentmethodsofdealingwithauditoryproblems

Btoprovideso'utionsforoverlynoisylearningenvironments

Ctoincreaseawarenessofthesituationofchildrenwith

auditoryproblems

DtopromoteNewZealandasamodelforothercountriestofollow

2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whichare

basedonReadingPassage2below.

Venusintransit

June2022sawthefirstpassage,knownasa'transit’,ofthe

planetVenusacrossthefaceoftheSunin122years.Transitshave

helpedshapeourviewofthewholpUniverse,asHpat.herCooperand

NigelIlenbeste某plain

A.On8June2022,morethanhalfthepopulationoftheworld

weretreatedtoarareastronomicalevent.Foroversi某hours,the

planetVenussteadilyincheditswayoverthesurfaceoftheSun.

Thisitransit,ofVenuswasthefirstsince6December1882.On

thatoccasion,theAmericanastronomerProfessorSimonNewcombleda

partytoSouthAfricatoobservetheevent.Theywerebasedat

girls'school,where-itisalleged-thecombinedforcesof

threeschoolmistressesoutperformedtheprofessionalswiththe

accuracyoftheirobservations.

B.Forcenturies,transitsofVenushavedrawneMplorersand

cibtroiioiiieibalikeluthefourcornersoftheglobe.Andyoucanpul

italldowntotheeMtraordinarypolymathEdmondHalley.In

November1677,Halleyobservedatransitoftheinnermostplanet,

Mercury,fromthedesolateislandofStHelenaintheSouthPacific.

Herealizedthat,fromdifferentlatitudes,thepassageoftheplanet

acrosstheSun'sdiscwouldappeartodiffer.Bytimingthetransit

fromtwowidely-separatedlocations,teamsofastronomerscould

calculatetheparaLa某angle—theapparentdifferenceinposition

ofanastronomicalbodyduetoadifferenceintheobserver's

position.Calculatingthisanglewouldallowastronomerstomeasure

whatwasthentheultimategoal:thedistanceoftheEarthfromthe

Sun.Thisdistanceisknownastheiastronomicalunit*orAU.

C.HalleywasawarethattheAUwasoneofthemostfundamental

ofallastronomicalmeasurements.JohannesKepler,intheearly17th

century,hadshownthatthedistancesoftheplanetsfromtheSun

governedtheirorbitalspeeds,whichworeeasilymeasurable.Butno-

onehadfoundawaytocalculateaccuratedistancestotheplanets

fromtheEarth.ThegoalwastompasurpthnAll：then,knowingthe

orbitalspeedsofalltheotherplanetsroundtheSun,thescaleof

theSolarSystemwouldfallintoplace.However,Halleyrealizedthat

Mercurywassofarawaythatitsparalla某anglewou1dbevery

difficulttodetermine.AsVenuswasclosertotheEarth,itsparalla

某anglewouldbelarger,andHalleyworkedoutthatbyusingVenus

itwou1dbopossibletomeasuretheSun,sdistanceto1partin500.

Buttherewasaproblem:transitsofVenus,unlikethoseofMercury,

arerare,occurringinpairsroughlyeightyearsaparteveryhundred

orsoyears.Nevertheless,heaccuratelypredictedthatVenuswould

crossthefaceoftheSuninboth1761and1769—thoughhedidnJt

survivetoseeeither.

D.InspiredbyHalleysbuggeslionofawaytopindownIlie

scaleoftheSolarSystem,teamsofBritishandFrenchastronomers

setoutone某peditionstoplacesasdiverseasIndiaandSiberia.

Butthingsweren,thelpedbyBritainandFrancebeingatwar.The

personwhodeservesmostsympathyistheFrenchastronomerGui1laume

LeGentil.HewasthwartedbythefactthattheBritishwere

besieginghisobservationsiteatPondicherryinIndia.Fleeingona

FrenchwarshipcrossingtheIndianOcean,LeGenti1sawawonderful

transit一buttheship,spitchingandrollingruledoutanyattempt

atmakingaccurateobservations.Undaunted,heremainedsouthofthe

equator,keepinghinselfbusybystudyingtheislandsofMaurtiusand

Madagascarbeforesettingofftoobservethene某ttransitinthe

Philippines.Ironicallyaftertravellingnearly50,000kilometres,

hisviewwascloudedoutatthelastmoment,averydispirtinge英

perience.

E.Whiletheearlytransittimingswereaspreciseasinstruments

wouldallow,themeasurementsweredoggedbythe'blackdrop'

pffpet.WhenVpnusbeginstocrossthpSunJsdisc,it1ookssmparpd

notcircular-whichmakesitdifficulttoestablishtimings.This

isduetodiffractionoflight.ThesecondproblemisthatVenuse某

hibitsahalooflightwhenitisseenjustoutsidethesun'sdisc.

Whi1ethisshowedastronomersthatVenuswassurroundedbyathick

layerofgasesrefractingsunlightaroundit,botheffectsmadeit

impossibletoobtainaccuratetimings.

F.Butastronomerslabouredhardtoanalysetheresultsofthese

e某peditionstoobserveVenustransits.JohannFranzEncke,Director

oftheBerlinObservatory,finallydeterminedavaluefortheAU

basedonal1theseparalla某measurements:153,340,000km.

Reasonablyaccurateforthetime,thatisquiteclosetotodayJs

valueof149,597,870km,delexminedbyladar,whichhasnow

supersededtransitsandallothermethodsinaccuracy.TheAUisa

cosmicmeasuringrod,andthebasisofhowwescaletheUniverse

today.Theparalla其principlecanbee某tendedtomeasurethe

distancestothestars.IfwelookatastarinJanuary-whenEarth

isatonepointinitsorbit一itwillseemtobeinadifferent

positionfromwhereitappearssi某monthslate.Knowingthewidth

ofEarthJsorbit,theparalla某shiftletsastronomerscalculate

thedistance.

G.June2022'stransitofVenuswasthusmoreofanastronomical

spectaclethanascientificallyimportantevent.Butsuchtransits

havepavedthewayforwhatmightprovetobeoneofthemostvital

breakthroughsinthecosmos-detectingEarth-sizedplanetsorbiting

otherstars.

Questions14-17

ReadingPassage2hassevenparagraphs,A-G.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writ.pthecorrect.1ntter,A-G,inhe某cs14-17onyouranswer

sheet.

14e某amplesofdifferentwaysinwhichtheparalla某principle

hasbeenapplied

15adescriptionofaneventwhichpreventedatransit

observation

16astatementaboutpotentialfuturediscoveriesloadingonfrom

transitobservations

17adescriptionofphysicalstatesconnectedwithVenuswhich

earlyastronomicalinstrumentsfailedtoovercome

Questions18-21

Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions18-21)andthelist

ofpeoplebelow.

Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectperson,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,inbo某es18-21onyour

answersheet.

18HecalculatedthedistanceoftheSunfromtheEarthbasedon

observationsofVenuswithafairdegreeofaccuracy.

19HeunderstoodthatthedistanceoftheSunfromtheEarth

couldbeworkedoutbycomparingobsevationsofatransit.

20Herealizedthatthetimetakenbyaplanettogoroundthe

SundependsonitsdistancefromtheSun.

21HewitnessedaVenustransitbutwasunabletomakeany

calculations.

ListofPeople

AEdmondHalley

BJohannesKepler

CGuillaumeLeGcntil

DJohannFranzEncke

Question22-26

Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgivenin

ReadingPassage2?

Inbo某es22-26onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

22HalleyobservedonetransitoftheplanetVenus.

23LeGentilmanagedtoobserveasecondVenustransit.

24TheshapeofVenusappearsdistortedwhenitstartstopassin

frontoftheSun.

25EarlyastronomerssuspectedthattheatmosphereonVenuswas

to某ic.

26Theparalla其principleallowsastronomerstoworkouthow

farawaydistantstarsarefromtheEarth.

3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whichare

basedonReadingPassage3below.

Aneuroscientistreveals

howtothinkdifferently

Inthelastdecadearevolutionhasoccurredinthewaythat

scientiststhinkaboutthebrain.Wenowknowthatthedecisions

humansmakecanbetracedtothefiringpatternsofneuronsin

specificpartofthebrain.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothefield

knowasneuroeconomics,whichstudiesthebrain*ssecretstosuccess

inaneconomicenvironmentthatdemandsinnovationandbeingableto

dothingsdifferentlyfromcompetitors.Abrainthatcandothisis

aniconoclasticone.Briefly,aniconoclastisapersonwhodocs

somethingthatotherssaycan'tbedone.

Thisdpfinit.ionimp]iPSthaticonoclastsarpdifferentfromother

people,butmoreprecisely,itistheirbrainsthataredifferentin

threedistinctways:perception,fearresponse,andsocial

intel1igence.Eachofthesethreefunctionsutilizesadifferent

circuitinthebrain.Naysayersmightsuggestthatthebrainis

irrelevant,thatthinkinginanoriginal,evenrevolutionary,wayis

moreamatterofpersonalitythanbrainfunction.Butthefieldof

neuroeconomicswasbornoutoftherealizationthatthephysical

workingsofthebrainplacelimitationsonthewaywemakedecisions.

Byunderstandingtheseconstraints,webegintounderstandwhysone

peoplemarchtoadifferentdrumbeat.

Thefirstthingtorealizeisthatthebrainsuffersfromlimited

resources.11hdsafi某cdenergybudget,aboutthebaineusa40

wattlightbulb,soithasevolvedtoworkasefficientlyas

possible.Thisiswheremostpeopleareimpededfrombeingan

iconoclast.Fore某ample,whenconfrontedwithinformationstreaning

fromtheeyes,thebrainwi11interpretthisinformationinthe

quickestwaypossible.ThusitwilldrawonbothpasteMperience

andanyothersourceofinformation,suchaswhatotherpeoplesay,

tomakesenseofwhatitisseeing.Thishappensal1thetime.The

braintakesshortcutsthatworksowel1wearehardlyeverawareof

them.Wethinkourperceptionsoftheworldarereal,buttheyare

onlybiologicalandelectricalrumblings.Perceptionisnotsimplya

productofwhatyoureyesorearstransmittoyourbrain.Morethan

thephysicalrealityofphotonsorsoundwaves,perceptionisproduct

ofthebrain.

Perceptioniscentraltoiconoclasm.Iconoclastsseethings

differentlytootherpeople.Theirbrainsdonotfallintoefficiency

pitfallsasmuchastheaveragepersonJsbrain.Iconoclasts,either

hpcausptheywerehornthatwayorthrough1earning,havpfoundways

toworkaroundtheperceptualshortcutsthatplaguemostpeople.

Perceptionisnotsomethingthatishardwiredintothebrain.Itisa

learnedprocess,whichisbothacurseandanopportunityforchange.

Thebrainfacesthefundamentalproblemofinterpretingphysical

stimulifromthesenses.Everythingthebrainsees,hears,ortouches

hasmultipleinterpretations.Theonethatisultimatelychosenis

simplythebrain,sbesttheory.Intechnicalterms,these

conjectureshavetheirbasisinthestatisticallikelihoodofone

interpretationoveranotherandareheavilyinfluencedbypaste英

perienceand,importantlyforpotentialiconoclasts,whatother

peoplesay.

ThebestwaytoseeihingbdifferentlyLuotherpeopleisto

bombardthebrainwiththingsithasneverencounteredbefore.

Noveltyreleasestheperceptualprocessfromthechainsofpaste某

perienceandforcesthebraintomakenewjudgments.Successful

iconoclastshaveaneMtraordinarywi11ingnesstobee某posedto

whatisfreshanddifferent.Observationoficonoclastsshowsthat

theyembracenoveltywhilemotpeopleavoidthingsthatare

different.

Theproblemwithnovelty,however,isthatittendstotrigger

thebrain*sfearsystem.Fearisamajorimpedimenttothinkinglike

aniconoclastandstopstheaveragepersoninhistracks.Thereare

manytypesoffear,butthetwothatinhibiticonoclasticthinking

andpeoplegenerallyfinddifficulttodealwitharefearof

uncertaintyandfearofpublicridicule.Thesemayseemliketrivial

phobias.Butfearofpublicspeaking,whicheveryonemustdofrom

timetotime,afflictsone-thirdsofthepopulation.Thismakesit

toocommontobeconsideredamentaldisorder.Itissimplyacomnon

variantofhumannature,onewhichiconoclastsdonotletinhibit,

theirreactions.

Finally,tobesuccessfuliconoclasts,individualsmustsell

theirideastootherpeople.Thisiswheresocialintel1igencecones

in.Socialintelligenceistheabilitytounderstandandmanage

peopleinabusinesssetting.Inthelastdecadetherehasbeenane

某plosionofknowledgeaboutthesocialbrainandhowthebrain

workswhengroupscoordinatedecisionmaking.Neurosciencehas

revealedwhichbraincircuitsareresponsibleforfunctionslike

understandingwhatotherpeoplethink,empathy,fairness,andsocial

identity.Thesebrainregionsplaykeyrolesinwhetherpeople

convinceothersoftheirideas.Perceptionisimportantinsocial

cogniliontoo.Thepelueplioiiofboincoiie,seiilliubiabin,or

reputation,canmakeorbreakadeal.Understandinghowperception

becomesintertwinedwithsocialdecisionmakingshowswhysuccessful

iconoclastsaresorare.

Iconoclastscreatenewopportunitiesineveryareafromartistic

e某pressiontotechnologytobusiness.Theysupplycreativityand

innovationnoteasilyaccomplishedbycommittees.Rulesaren,t

importanttothem.Iconoclastsfacealienationandfailure,butcan

alsobeamajorassettoanyorganization.Itiscrucialforsuccess

inanyfieldtounderstandhowtheiconoclasticmindworks.

Questions27-31

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletterinbo某es27-31onyouranswersheet.

27Neuroeconomicsisafieldofstudywhichseeksto

Acauseachangeinhowscientistsunderstandbrainchemistry.

Bunderstandhowgooddecisionsaremadeinthebrain.

Cunderstandhowthebrainislinkedtoachievementin

comppt.itiVPfields.

Dtracethespecificfiringpatternsofneuronsindifferent

areasofthebrain.

28Accordingtothewriter,iconoclastsaredistinctivebecause

Atheycreateunusualbraincircuits.

Btheirbrainsfunctiondifferently.

Ctheirpersonalitiesarcdistinctive.

Dtheymakedecisionseasily.

29Accordingtothewriter,thebrainworksefficientlybecause

Aitusestheeyesquickly.

Bitinterpretsdatalogically.

Citgeneratesitsownenergy.

Dilreliesunpreviousevents.

30Thewritersaysthatperceptionis

Aacombinationofphotonsandsoundwaves.

Bareliableproductofwhatyoursensestransmit.

Caresultofbrainprocesses.

Daprocessweareusuallyconsciousof.

31Accordingtothewriter,aniconoclasticthinker

Acentralizesperceptualthinkinginonepartofthebrain.

Bavoidscognitivetraps.

Chasabrainthatishardwiredforlearning.

Dhasmoreopportunitiesthantheaverageperson.

Questions32-37

Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeclaimsofthewriter

inReadingPassage3?

Tnbo某es32-37onyouranswersheet,write

YESifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsofthewriter

NOifthestatenentcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

NOTGIVENifitisimpossihlRtosaywhatthewriterthinksabout

this

32EMposuretodifferenteventsforcesthebraintothink

differently.

33Iconoclastsareunusuallyreceptivetonewe某periences.

34Mostpeoplearetooshytotrydifferentthings.

35Ifyouthinkinaniconoclasticway,youcaneasilyovorcono

fear.

36Whenconcernaboutembarrassmentmattersless,otherfears

becomeirrelevant.

37Fearofpublicspeakingisapsychologicali1Iness.

Questions38-40

CompluteeauliyeiilefiuewithIlieuoiiectending,A-E,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-E,inbo某es38-40onyouranswer

sheet.

38Thinkinglikeasuccessfuliconoclastisdemandingbecauseit

39Theconceptofthesocialbrainisusefultoiconoclasts

becauseit

40Iconoclastsaregenerallyanassetbecausetheirwayof

thinking

Arequiresbothperceptualandsocialintelligenceskills.

Bfocusesonhowgroupsdecideonanaction.

Cworksinmanyfields,bothartisticandscientific.

Dleavesoneopentocriticismandrejection.

Einvolvesunderstandinghoworganizationsmanagepeople.

剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test2)

1参考译文：

帮助新西兰听觉障碍儿童

A儿童的听觉障碍或其他听觉功能的缺陷会对他们的言语与交流能力的发

展产生重大的影响，导致他们在学校的学习能力也受到不利影响。这对个人甚

至全体人民来讲都很可能会产生重大后果。新西兰卫生部从一项进行了20多

年的研究中发现该国有6%到10新勺孩子有听觉障碍。

B新西兰的一项初步研究显示，教室噪音是老师和学生关注的一大问题。

现代教学实践活动、教室中课桌的布局、糟糕的音响效果以及空调通风口产生

的噪音，都使许多孩子无法听清老师所讲的内容。教育研究者Nolson与Soli

也表明，现代学习方式中多种思想与方法协作交互获