2017-2018学年高中英语北师大版必修1Unit2SectionⅤGrammar

Section_ⅤGrammar单元语法项目(一)——一般过去时和过去进行时语法图解探究发现①China’sfirstmannedspaceshipliftedoffat9a．m.onWednesday,October15th,2003inJiuquan,GansuProvince.②Thelaunchwasverysuccessful.③Duringthe21­hourspaceflight,theShenzhouⅤcircledtheearth14times.④Hewasalsoabletospeakwithhiswifeand8­year­oldson.⑤At6：23a．m.onOctober16th,YangLiweilandedinInnerMongoliasafely.⑥Whenthespaceshipwasliftingoff,Icouldreallyfeelthehighgravity.⑦Whilethespaceshipwascirclingtheearthforime,YangLiweispokewithgroundcontrolinGansu.⑧Whilehewassleeping,thespaceshipcircledtheearthtwice.⑨Thenaughtyboyswereconstantlymakingtrouble.⑩Hesaidthathewasingtoseemenextweek.[我的发现](1)例句①②③④⑤的时态是一般过去时。(2)例句⑥⑦⑧中，从句的时态是过去进行时。(3)例句⑨是过去进行时与always,constantly等副词连用，表示感情色彩。(4)例句⑩中，从句用过去进行时表示过去将来时。一、一般过去时1．构成和句式构成：主语＋动词过去式或be(was,were)句式：否定句把not加在did或be后，疑问句把did或be提到主语前。2．用法(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如...terday,lastweek/month...,justnow,in2014,twoyearsago,amomentago等。Heboughttheputerfiveyearsago.他五年前买的这台电脑。Theboyfelloffhisbikeyesterday.这个男孩昨天从自行车上摔了下来。Ihadtwoeggsandaglassofmilkforbreakfastthismorning.今天早上我早餐吃了两个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空①(2015·福建高考改编)Tomydelight,Iwas_chosen(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.②(2015·湖南高考改编)Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenIasked(ask),“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”③(2015·重庆高考改编)—IsPetering?—No,hechanged(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.(2)表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,sometimes等表示频度的副词连用。WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenwalkedbytheriverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。Herfatherusuallydidsomehouseworkathomelastyear.去年，她爸爸在家常做些家务。[名师点津]表示过去习惯性的动作，也可用usedto或would,would比usedto更正式，但没有“现在已无此习惯”的含义。Iwasonceweakatmathsandusedtodoubtmyabilitytostudymaths.(2014·山东高考)曾经我的数学很差，我也曾怀疑过我学数学的能力。WhenhewasinHangzhou,hewouldtakeawalkafterwork.在杭州时，他常常下班后去散步。[即时演练2]完成句子①我在农村的时候经常去河里游泳。WhenIwasinthecountryside,I_often_swam_in_the_river.②他过去吸烟很厉害，但现在不抽了。He_used_to_smoke_a_lot,_buthedoesn’tnow.(3)表示过去相继发生的一系列的连续动作。Hegotup,washedhisface,hadhisbreakfastandwenttoschoolbybus.他起床，洗了脸，吃了早饭就乘公交车上学去了。(4)在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中可用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。Hesaidhewouldbuysomepresentsformeifhewentthere.他说如果他去那儿的话，他将给我买些礼物。[即时演练3]用所给词的适当形式填空①Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment,looked(look)atthecaptain,andthendied(die)．②Tomwaslate.Heopened(open)thedoorquietly,movedinandwalked(walk)carefullytohisseat.③TomsaidhewouldeifIpromised(promise)towaitforhim.④Hesaidwhenshecame(e)hewouldtellher.二、过去进行时1．构成和句式构成：be(was,were)＋doing句式：否定句把not加在be后，疑问句把be提到主语前。2．用法(1)表示过去某段时间内或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常和时间状语then,atthatmoment/time,atthis/...ttimeyesterday,atten...o’clockyesterday等连用。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.昨天晚上七点到九点我们一直都在看电视。[即时演练4]用所给词的适当形式填空①(2015·湖南高考改编)HemusthavesensedthatIwas_looking(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat？”②(2014·四川高考改编)Shewas_phoning(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.③(2013·湖南高考改编)—Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.—I’sorry.Butsorry.ButIwas_doing(do)myhomework.(2)过去进行时常与always,forever,continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。ShewasalwaysringingmeupwhenIwasinLondon.我在伦敦时她总不停地给我打电话。(表厌烦)Mygrandmotherwasalwayshelpingotherswhenshelivedhere.当我奶奶住在这儿的时候，她总是乐于帮助别人。(表赞扬)(3)过去进行时态表示过去将来，常用于e,go,leave,arrive,start等表示位置移动的词。HetoldmehewasleavingforShanghaitomorrow.他告诉我他明天将要去上海。[即时演练5](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2014·重庆高考改编)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhewas_ing(e)untilyesterday.②(2013·大纲卷改编)Wewere_leaving(leave)veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.③(2013·江西高考改编)Iwas_ing(e)tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.(2)完成句子①汤姆总是不停地抱怨他工作繁忙。Tomwas_always_plaining_abouthisbusyjob.②雷锋总是为人民做好事。LeiFengwas_always_doing_good_deedsforthepeople.三、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别一般过去时常表示在过去某时发生的动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)，只强调过去发生的某一件事；过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的背景。Hedrewapictureyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午他画了一幅画。(过去发生的动作已完成)HewasdrawingapictureyesterdayafternoonwhenIvisitedhim.昨天下午当我去拜访他的时候，他正在画一幅画。(过去正在进行的动作)Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Hesaidhewouldnotgoifitrained(rain)．2．In2000,IwenttoZhengzhouandstudied(study)thereforfouryears,majoringinhistory.3．(2013·安徽高考改编)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyouadvertised(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?4．(2013·山东高考改编)Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyitwas(be)prettygood.5．Unfortunately,whenIwenttotheoffice,themanagerwas_leaving(leave)forShanghai,sowehadonlytimeforfewwords.6．—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No,Iwas_doing(do)myhomeworkalldayyesterday.7．Weoftenplayed(play)togetherwhenwewerechildren.8．WhenIgotonthebus,Irealized(realize)Ihadleftmywalletathome.9．Heisalwayscalming(calm)himselfdownwhateverdangerhemaymeet.10．—Hey,Gary,didLindaseeyouein?—Idon’tthinkso.Shewas_going(go)overherlessonsthen.Ⅱ.单句写作(完成句子)1．(2015·广东高考读写任务)Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswas_waiting_for_her(正在等着她)．2．(2015·四川高考满分作文)I_learned_from_your_post(从你的发帖中我了解到)thatyouwanttoimproveyourMandarin.3．(2015·浙江高考满分作文)Most_of_my_classmates_wanted_to_go_to_a_park(我们班大部分同学想去公园)whileIhadanideaofgoingtoanicerplace.I_managed_to_persuade_my_classmates(我设法成功地说服我的同学)intoacceptingmyidea.4．(2015·广东高考读写任务)Two_boys_were_fighting(两个小男孩正在打架)inthefarcorner,yettherestoftheclassseemednottonoticethem.5．(2015·广东高考读写任务)Finally,she_not_only_earned_their_respect(她不仅赢得了他们的尊敬),butalsohelpedthemgrowtobewell­behaved,confidentandconsiderate.6．(2014·湖北高考满分作文)Iwasonmywaytothebookstoreandwas_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing(正在十字路口等绿灯)whenagirlofabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar.单元语法项目(二)——现在完成时语法图解探究发现①Venusisnoweleventhintheworld,andheryoungersisterSerenahasmoveduptothird.②Finally,in1991,thesistersandtheirfamilymovedtoasaferareaandsincethentheyhaveneverlookedback.③Hehasalwaysbeenverystrictwithhisdaughters,trainingthemhardtopeteagainsteachother.④Theyhavealreadyexpressedakeeninterestinworkingindesignaftertheirtenniscareersetoanend.⑤Thesisters’roadtosuccesshasbeenamazing.⑥Sincethen,shehaswonWimbledonandtheUSOpentwice.⑦Serenahascontinuedtoimproveandmakefantasticprogress.⑧Hastennisevercausedproblemsbetweenthesisters?⑨“Wehaveplayedeachotherbeforeandithasn’tworriedusyet！”saysVenus.[我的发现](1)例句①④⑤⑥⑧⑨表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态。(2)例句②③表示发生在过去某一时刻而持续到现在的动作或状态。(3)例句⑦表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。一、现在完成时的构成肯定式：have/has＋过去分词否定式：have/hasnot＋过去分词疑问式：have/has＋主语＋过去分词Ihavealreadyfinishedallthework.我已经做完了所有的工作。Ihavenotreadthisbookbefore.我以前没有读过这本书。Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?你写完作业了吗？二、现在完成时的用法1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果。常被just,already,yet,sofar,never,recently/lately等副词修饰。Haveyouheardfromyourbrotherrecently?你最近收到你兄弟的来信了吗？Wehavealreadyknowneachother.我们已经彼此认识了。[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空①(2015·天津高考改编)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhas_been_reached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.②(2014·江苏高考改编)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themediahave_covered(cover)itinavarietyofforms.③(2014·大纲卷改编)Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobodyhas_seen(see)themsince.2．表示发生在过去，从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常带有for和since以及inthepast/lastfewyears,overthepastyears等表示一段时间的状语。AndIhavebeenabroadcasterintheschool’sbroadcastingstationforyears.(2015·四川高考)我在学校广播站担任广播员已经多年了。Mr.Wanghasworkedinthefactorysincehecametothecity.自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①(2015·北京高考改编)Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas_made(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.②(2013·北京高考改编)Shakespeare’splayHamlethas_been_made(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.③(2013·湖南高考改编)—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?—Sure,ithas_been(be)theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.3．表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为“……过”，常带有twice,ever,never,once,before,threetimes等时间状语。IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京两次了。Ihaveseenthefilmmanytimes.这部电影我看过多次了。[名师点津]have/hasbeen(to)和have/hasgone(to)的区别：have/hasbeen(to)表示“曾经到过某地”，侧重指经历。have/hasgone(to)表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里。TomhasbeentoJapan;Ihavealsobeenthere.汤姆曾去过日本；我也去过。(现在已经回来了)TomhasgonetoBeijingandhewillebacknextweek.汤姆去北京了，下个星期回来。(现在不在这儿)4．用于固定句式：(1)This/That/Itisthefirst(second,third...)timethat...“这是第一(二、三……)次……”，that从句用现在完成时。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavewatchedstarsthroughatelescope.这是我第一次通过望远镜看星星。(2)“This/That/Itisthe＋最高级＋名词＋that从句”中，从句用现在完成时。Thisisthebestfilm(that)I’veeverseen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。(3)在“It＋hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...”句型中，主句常用现在完成时(也可以用一般现在时)。Itis/hasbeensixyearssinceIcamehere.我来这儿已经六年了。[名师点津]现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。(2)e,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用。若用，必须改为be,have等延续性动词来表述。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别1．侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响即现在的结果；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即发生的时间。Thepriceofithasgonedown,butIwonderifit’llremainso.它的价格已经降下来了，但我不知道是否会继续保持这样。(强调现在仍然很低)Thepriceofitwentdownforalongtimelastyear.去年它的价格下降过很长一段时间。(强调发生在过去，与现在无联系)2．时间状语不同现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及“for＋时间段”、“since＋过去时间/从句”等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与justnow,theotherday,in2011等表示过去时间的状语连用。Shehaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.她自从两年前就住在这里了。Shelivedheretwoyearsago.两年前她住在这里。[即时演练3]用所给词的适当形式填空①WhenIwasatcollege,Ispoke(speak)threeforeignlanguages,butIhave_forgotten(forget)allexceptafewwordsofeach.②—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,Ihaven’t_played(notplay)thepianoforyears.③Tomwrote(write)alettertohisparentslastnight.Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2015·重庆高考改编)Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathas_been_cut(cut)．2．Hisfirstnovelhas_received(receive)goodreviewssinceitcame(e)outlastmonth.3．Accordingtothereport,thenumberofpeopleoutofworkhas_increased(increase)by10%inthepasttwoyears.4．Wehaven’t_seen(notsee)eachothereversincewegraduatedfromhighschoolin1990.5．Withthehelpo